Crispin de Passe the Elder

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Crispin de Passe the Elder , also Crispijn van de Passe ; Crispin de Pas , Crispijn, Crispiaen, Chrispyn or Latinized Crispinus , Crispianus, Crispyn I., van de Passe, de Pas, Passeus etc. (* 1564 in Arnemuiden ; † March 1637 in Utrecht ( Netherlands ), buried on March 6, 1637 ) was a Flemish- Dutch draftsman , engraver , printer , publisher and painter . Crispin de Passe worked in Antwerp , Aachen , Cologne and Utrecht.

family

Crispin de Passe the Elder was the progenitor of a Flemish-Dutch family of engravers and publishers who mainly worked in Northern Europe. Johann Jakob Merlo suspects that de Passe ran his own drawing school. The father was also the teacher of his children Simon (Cologne 1595–1647 Copenhagen), Magdalena (Cologne 1596–1638 Utrecht), Crispin the Elder. J. (Cologne 1597–1670 Amsterdam) and Willem de Passe (Cologne 1598–1636 London), which is why it is often very difficult to distinguish the works of individual family members. They were all draftsmen and engravers at the same time, so that they both published their own works and also made copperplate engravings based on other draftsmen's designs. According to Swiss francs, the number of works by the de Passe family is 1,334 single sheets. There are also 49 illustrated publications, some with 50 to 150 engravings.

The stitches of the de Passe served u. a. 1615 for Henni Heidtrider's Juno - relief as a template, which is in the Deutsches Museum zu Berlin. Her works were implemented in stucco, wood, alabaster and various metals.

Her drawings were in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam in 1932, in the collections of van Regterenin Altena, Welker, Oudheidk, Genootshap, Berlin, in the Brussels collection de Grez, in the Dresden collection of Friedrich August II., In the album amicorum by Arnoldus Buchelius der Leiden University Library, in the Maartensdyker Lugt Collection, in Vienna and in the collection of Sir William Stirling Maxwell.

Live and act

De Passe the Elder also made many prints, often as a series based on his own templates, but also based on other draftsmen, and he usually published them himself as a publisher.

His first name Crispin, the curly-haired (Latin: crispulus: curly-haired; crispus: curled; curly head), suggests that he had curls as a toddler. He was born in Arnemuiden on the island of Walcheren in Zeeland . When he was little, his parents moved to Antwerp. He did an apprenticeship with Dirk Coornhert . His first work dates from 1584. Around 1584/85 he became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke , registered as a guild master .

Crispin's early style is reminiscent of Veldmann and the brothers Johannes Wierix and Hieronymus Wierix . After his marriage to Magdalena de Bock, a niece in law of Marten de Vos , his style resembled that of de Vos.

After Antwerp had come under Spanish rule, the order was issued to convert to Catholicism or to leave the city within five years. De Passe, a steadfast Mennonite , then left Antwerp and lived in Aachen with his wife from 1588. He founded a business as a freelance graphic artist and published the first prints based on his own designs. An earlier work by Crispin is his portrait of the Belgian philosopher Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) from 1587. In 1588, based on designs by Marten de Vos, he produced a series of 46 biblical illustrations for the well-known printer Christoph Plantin , who was then living in Cologne (um 1520-1589). Crispin dedicated a series of six sheets to the City Council of Aachen: The story of the prodigal son after Marten de Vos.

The climate in Aachen was initially more hospitable than it had been in occupied Antwerp, but in 1589 a decree was issued by Emperor Rudolf II , which drove away all heretics , in this case all Protestants. De Passe moved to Cologne, and despite his limited position as a refugee unable to apply for citizenship, he stayed there for more than twenty years. His five children were also born in Cologne. Crispin de Passe became a sought-after artist and his business flourished. Merlo has described about 214 sheets from his creative period in Cologne. From 1595 to 1611, Crispin made more than 200 plates in Cologne. One of his well-known students was the copper engraver Peter Isselburg (around 1580–1630) , who later became very recognized in Germany . In 1612 the Mennonite de Passe had to leave Cologne and moved his workshop to Utrecht . In Utrecht he acquired citizenship as a copper engraver in 1613 . He was buried there on March 6, 1637.

signature

In some of his works, Crispin de Passe calls himself Zelandus and refers to his place of birth. In the works of Ferdinandus Magellanus , Thomas Cavendish and Franciscus Draco there is a ligature of the letters PCV. In 1592 he signed the sheet Vantaes et Vanitates with Crispin. d.pas murntor et. excud. His sheet Minerva as the patroness of the art of drawing bears the abbreviation C V PA BED (?) . Crisp: v. Pass. i.ye: can be found on the sheet of a female representation with a boy holding a long cross in his arm, titled Elisabeth with Johannes .

subjects

Crispin's prints covered all subjects. He engraved many biblical and other devotional scenes, the lives of saints, portrait prints of teachers, nobles, generals, scholars, etc. a. m. He performed many allegorical series of engravings: The Seven Virtues and Vices , The Seven Planets , The Seven Ages of Man , The Five Directions , The Four Elements , The Four Seasons, and The Four Times of Day . He also created images of scenes from Homer , Ovid and Virgil . De Passe designed a particularly fine set of emblem engravings that adorned Gabriel Rollehagen's influential Nucleus emblematum selectissimorum ... in 1611 . De Passe published prints describing university life for students at Cologne University. He juxtaposed scenes that were intended to encourage moral reflection.

Works (selection)

Stitches

  • 1584 first traditional work
  • 1588 46 biblical representations based on works by Maarten de Vos for Christoph Plantin. He wanted the engravings for a book of hours that did not appear. In 1932, prints were made from the plates kept in the Plantin-Moretus Museum .
  • 1588 St. Bruno for Plantin
  • 1589 Madonna after Jan Mabuse
  • 1589 Good Samaritan a series of engravings that he dedicated to Johann Rademacher from Aachen.
  • 1586 The prodigal son. De Passe dedicated this series of engravings to the Aachen magistrate.
  • 1592 Vanitaes et Vanitates
  • 1592 Anonymous , the knee of a young man. A French currency is inscribed in the oval. Monogram.
  • 1593 Petrus Ernst von Mansfeld (unmarked).
  • 1594 Moritz von Hessen beardless, monogram.
  • Ferdinand Magellan
  • 1598 Franciscus Draco
  • 1601 Sibyllarum icones , 16 sheets, dedicated to the mayor Johann von Lyskirchen.
  • 1602 Metamorphoseon Ovidianarum typi ,
  • 1602 Canon Gerhard Stempelius from St. Georgs Stift (unmarked)
  • 1602 Ovid illustration partly by Hendrik Goltzius as reduced copies, partly by Marten de Vos.
  • 1603 Queen Elizabeth I after Isaac Oliver .
  • 1604 Romani imperatores, opera Crispiani de Pass, apud Colonienses aericidas , 23 leaves.
  • 1606 Metamorphoseon Ovidianarum typi , second edition dedicated to the doctor of theology Wilhelm Salsman in Cologne.
  • 1607 Four evangelists after Gortzius Geldorp , engraved in copper for the Cologne magistrate, were rejected by the latter, despite the intercession of Constantin von Lyskirchen.
  • 1610 Illustriss. Juliacensium etc. principum tabula genealogica , 16 sheets, Cologne.
  • 1613 Illustration of Mr. Friderichs deß V. Pfaltzgraffen bey Rhein and Frawen Elisabeth of her princely graces wife, next to her royal and electoral parents and next blood relatives , 11 sheets.
  • A fisherman and his wife
  • The four elements
  • The four times of the day
  • Sigismund Barthori of Transylvania (unmarked)
  • Wenceslas Coeberger (unmarked)
  • Holy Family with Jesus and John in the landscape with two Latin distiches
  • Christ washing the feet
  • Mary handing the baby Jesus a rose , with Latin inscription in fol. Cologne.
  • St. Helena , half figure in oval, inscribed, Cologne.

Publications

  • 1612 Compendium operum Virgilianorum , Utrecht
  • 1613 Speculum Homeri , Utrecht
  • 1613 G.Rollenhagius : Nucleus Emblematum , Utrecht.
  • 1613 Illustration of the lucid high-born prince and Mr. / Mr. Friderichs deß V. diß Nahmens / deß Heyligen Roman Empire Elector / Pfaltzgraffen near the Rhine / Hertiehen in Bavaria / [et] c. ... Arnhem ( digitized version )
  • 1614 Hortus floridus. Utrecht. Community work with his children.
  • In 1618 and 1624 Incogniti scriptoris nova poemata his 12 engravings Emblemata amatoria appeared as scaled down copies according to the engravings Jan van Halbeeck 1932 ex. a copy from 1624, it was at FGWalter in Amsterdam.
  • 1618 Thronus Cupidinis a . a. with verses v. Joost van den Vondel . The 32 representations appeared in Amsterdam; they had been rejected by the States General in 1617.

Works by the de Passe family as a template for

  • 1612–15 Henni Heidtrider's Juno relief
  • Fountain basin , Andreas Museum in Hildesheim (1932)
  • Stucco work at a pharmacy in Zellerfeld in the Harz Mountains (1932)
  • 1670 metal bowl Vienna Court Museum (1932)
  • Whitecombe Greene Collection plaque in the British Museum, London (1932)
  • Wooden panel of a baroque cupboard Owned by Ball in Dresden (1932)

Works with crisp. designated

  • Nicolas Coëffeteau , Bishop of Marseille († 1623) after Daniel Dumonstier
  • Spes oval
  • Inside the ship with sailors working with astronomical instruments Cover picture from a book about shipping
  • Christ child on a pillow with globe and cross
  • Caritas , part of an episode
  • Counterpart: mercilessness
  • Spes

Works unmarked

literature

Web links

Commons : Crispijn van de Passe (I)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Giornale Nuove: Simon and William de Passe.
  2. ^ Daniel Franken: L'œuvre gravé des Van de Passe . Frederik Muller, Amsterdam 1881
  3. ↑ Dirk Volkertzen Coornhert, a well-known engraver and fighter for freedom of thought. Merlo calls him a teacher. Cf. Jacob Cornelis van Slee :  Koornhert, Dietrich Volkertz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, pp. 654-656.
  4. ^ Artcyclopädia: Marten de Vos ; Maarten de Vos poster
  5. ↑ Thieme-Becker, 1932.
  6. ↑ Vanitaes et Vanitates
  7. ↑ Wenceslas Cobergher in the Dutch-language Wikipedia
  8. ↑ In 1612 his request for publication was rejected by the States General .
  9. ↑ Nicolas Coeffeteau on the English Wikipedia
  10. ↑ Daniel Dumonstier in catalanischsprachigen Wikipedia
  11. ↑ Michael Ophovius in the Dutch language Wikipedia
personal data
SURNAME Passe, Crispin the Elder de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Passe, Crispijn the Elder van de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Flemish draftsman, engraver, printer and publisher
DATE OF BIRTH 1564
PLACE OF BIRTH Arnemuiden
DATE OF DEATH buried March 6, 1637
Place of death Utrecht