Jan Gossaert

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Self-portrait by Jan Gossaert, around 1515

Jan Gossaert (* around 1478 ; † October 1, 1532 in Antwerp ) is a stage name of the Dutch painter Jenni Gosart , also Jan Mabuse and Jennyn van Hennegouwe ( Hainaut ), whom he adopted after his hometown Maubeuge when he enrolled with the Guild of Saints Lucas gave in Antwerp in 1503.

Life

Little is known about his early life and especially the place of his education, but his early work suggests that he was influenced by the painters who used plastic models. Gossaert initially lived in Antwerp from 1503 to 1508. Here he married Margareta de Molder, presumably from the family of the carver Jan de Molder, and trained as an apprentice alongside others Jan van Dornicke (master from 1518). This in turn was probably a teacher of Pieter Coecke van Aelst , in both of whose works there was a strong reception of Gossaert's work. Later Gossaert entered the service of Philip of Burgundy . In 1508 he accompanied his employer to Italy . Here he was shaped for his further life and work and this trip laid the basis for the obligatory trips to Italy by Flemish painters up to Rubens and Van Dyck . In 1509 he returned to the Netherlands with Philipp and went to his country home in Zeeland . He was now seeing his first successes. Thereupon Philip ordered an altarpiece for the church in Middelburg , for which Albrecht Dürer came to visit in 1521 . Unfortunately, the picture was destroyed by fire in 1568. Here, in collaboration with Jacopo de Barbari , he planned the expansion of the castle and the interior furnishings of the same. He was also connected to the court of Margaret of Austria in Mechelen , but Jacopo de Barbari became court painter and Gossaert had to be content with smaller commissions, including a portrait of Leonore of Portugal and smaller works for Charles V. The only signed works from this period are today in Berlin located Neptune and Amphitrite of 1516 and the Madonna of the following year. When his employer, Philip of Burgundy, became bishop of Utrecht , Gossaert followed him there and was commissioned to decorate the official residence of Duurstede Castle . In 1523 he painted Christian II's court jesters. In 1528 he commissioned him to finish the tomb of his wife Isabelle, which Jean de Hare had started. No doubt he also finished the portraits of the three children of the royal couple. When Philip died in 1524, Gossaert designed his tomb. He then switched to the service of Philip's brother, Adolph, the Marquis of Veeren . Despite his ability, Gossaert's alcoholism was probably becoming more of a problem during this time.

During this time an episode happened that gave rise to a saying in French usage: Fin contre fin n'est pas bon pour faire doublure ( fine versus fine will never be good food ). One day the visit of Emperor Charles V was announced to the marquis. To receive this worthily, his people should all appear dressed in white damask . Gossaert, however, sold the valuable material, drank the money and appeared dressed in fine paper. The emperor was amazed when he saw that. He declared that he had never seen such fine material and let Gossaert step closer. The emperor then burst out laughing. When asked why he did this, Gossaert replied that he wanted to amaze all viewers with this delicacy. The enraged Marquis then wanted to have Gossaert locked up and coined the saying: "et sache que fin contre fin n'est pas bon pour doublure." But the emperor obtained a remission of the penalty for Gossaert.

A Maria with a child was auctioned in Zurich in 2014 for over 2 million francs, one of the last works by Gossaert available on the art market.

Works (selection)

literature

Web links

Commons : Jan Gossaert  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Flemish Maria for a record price , FAZ , April 5, 2014, p. 16 (online)
  2. FAZ of December 24, 2010, page 35: For love interwoven.