Anthony van Dyck

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Anthonis van Dyck, self-portrait around 1640
Signature Anthonis van Dyck.PNG

Sir Anthonis van Dyck , Flemish Antoon van Dyck (born March 22, 1599 in Antwerp , † December 9, 1641 in London ), was a Flemish painter (especially portraits ) and graphic artist of the Flemish Baroque and freelance work for Peter Paul Rubens . Other versions of his name are Anton van Dyck and Anthony van Dyck .

Life

Portrait of an old gentleman
Adolescent self-portrait, around 1615 (Picture gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna )

Dyck was the seventh child of the wealthy textile merchant Frans van Dyck and his second wife, the art embroiderer Maria (née Cupers, † 1607). He was considered particularly talented in drawing. The painter Hendrick van Balen (1575–1632) accepted him as a student at the age of ten . In the register of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1610 he is named as his apprentice. Van Balen worked as a creator of elegant small-format mythological scenes for collectors of the Antwerp middle class . The well-known early works of van Dyck show - even if only in detail - the clear influence of the teacher. At the age of 14 he painted a portrait of an old man and two years later he had his own studio in which he employed a student named Herman Servaes. At the age of 19, van Dyck worked as an independent and recognized master and had been a free master of the Guild of St. Luke since February 11, 1618 and was declared of legal age four days later, for which he needed his father's approval.

Dyck worked for Rubens from 1618, with whom he lived until autumn 1620. While working for his studio, England's outstanding art connoisseur, Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel , got to know and appreciate him. At Arundel's instigation, Anthonis first traveled to England in 1620. His service to James I lasted only six months, although the king paid him an annual pension of 100 pounds sterling. He gave him some orders to paint outstanding men of the court. He took the opportunity to study the masterpieces of the Italian Renaissance in their collections , which had already interested him in Antwerp. On February 28, 1621, he received a passport that was valid for 8 months. From 1621 to 1626 he lived intermittently in Italy, a. a. in Genoa, Rome, Sicily and Venice, and perfected his portraiture there. In total, he portrayed around 280 people. There is evidence that he was in Antwerp on December 1, 1622 when his father died. Here, among other things, he had made the portrait of the Antwerp mayor at the time, Nicolaas Rockox (1560–1640) and another portrait of a lady.

With his stay in Italy the influence of Rubens was pushed back in favor of Veronese and even more of Titian . Erika Langmuir (National Gallery London) even spoke of a “ diluted ” in this context .

In 1626 Anthony van Dyck returned to Antwerp; he was often at court in Brussels. Various large, highly pathetic altarpieces date from this period and again show Rubens' influence. Van Dyck moved in 1632 to London, where he, as a court painter favorite aristocracy and outstanding portraitist for Charles I worked. In the same year the king elevated him to the nobility. The largest coherent collection of his works is still owned by the Crown of England.

Van Dyck's most important students and assistants included David Beck (painter) and Jan van de Reyn .

His bust was placed in the Walhalla in his honor . The Van Dyck brown is named after his typical painting style .

Works (selection)

  • Boy with Curly Hair , 1616
  • Boar Hunt , 1618
  • Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian , 1618
  • The family portrait , 1621
  • Holy Family , around 1626/1628, Benedictine Abbey of St. Paul
  • Portrait Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Oneglia , 1624, oil on canvas, 126 × 99.6, The Trustees of Dulwich Picture Gallery, London
  • Susanna and the two elders , 1621/22, Alte Pinakothek , Munich
  • A Lady of the Spencer Family , 1633–1838, ex Althorp Manor, now: Tate Britain , London
  • Charles I on the hunt , 1638
  • Portrait of Inigo Jones
  • Lady d'Daubigny , around 1638 - Portrait of Catharine Howard , who married George Lord d'Aubigny in 1638.
  • Idealized portrait of Wallenstein , created between 1636 and 1641
  • His work Self-Portrait with Sunflower has been considered lost since the art theft from Gotha in 1979. On December 6, 2019, the press reported that the portrait had reappeared and had been in the Rathgen research laboratory of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin since September 2019 , where its authenticity was being checked
  • Five Eldest Children of Charles I , The Royal Collection , London
  • Portrait of Lucas van Uffel , Duke Anton Ulrich-Museum Braunschweig
  • John the Evangelist. Study head , Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum Braunschweig

literature

Web links

Commons : Anthonis van Dyck  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Franz Martin Haberditzl: Dyck, Anton van . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 10 : Dubolon – Erlwein . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1914, p. 264 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  2. ^ Emil Schaeffer: Van Dyck: the master's painting . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1909, p. 165 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ Franz Martin Haberditzl: Dyck, Anton van . In: Ulrich Thieme (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 10 : Dubolon – Erlwein . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1914, p. 265 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ^ Jacob Burckhardt: Anton van Dyck. (1886) In: Cultural-historical lectures. Stuttgart 1959, pp. 259-280.
  5. ↑ Klaus Bußmann , Heinz Schilling : 1648 - War and Peace in Europe. Catalog volume and two text volumes, Münster 1998 [Documentation of the Council of Europe exhibition on the 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia in Münster and Osnabrück.] Münster / Osnabrück 1998, ISBN 3-88789-127-9 , p. 39
  6. ↑ dpa: Spectacular GDR theft: high-quality paintings may have appeared after theft. December 6, 2019, accessed December 6, 2019 .
  7. ^ Konstantin von Hammerstein: Pictures by Holbein and Brueghel the Elder: Paintings from the largest GDR art theft reappeared . In: Spiegel Online . December 6, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed December 6, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Dyck, Anthony van
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Flemish painter
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1599
PLACE OF BIRTH Antwerp
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1641
Place of death London