Hemudu culture

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Neolithic cultures of China
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Shangshan culture 11000-9000 cal BP
Zaoshi culture of the lower class 7500-7000 BC Chr.
Pengtoushan culture 7500-6100 BC Chr.
Gaomiao culture 7400-7100 BC Chr.
Zhaobaogou culture 7000-6400 BC Chr.
Hemudu culture 7000-4500 BC BC / 5000–3300 BC Chr.
Houli culture 6250-5850 BC Chr.
Xinglongwa culture 6200-5400 BC Chr.
Laoguantai culture also Dadiwan-I culture 6000-5000 BC BC / 6000-3000 BC Chr.
Dadiwan culture 5800-3000 BC Chr.
Chengbeixi culture 5800-4700 BC Chr.
Peiligang culture 5600-4900 BC Chr.
Xinle culture 5500-4800 BC Chr.
Cishan culture 5400-5100 BC Chr.
Beixin culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Qingliangang culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Tangjiagang culture 5050-4450 BC Chr.
Baiyangcun culture 5000-3700 BC Chr.
Yangshao culture also Miaodigou-I culture 5000-2000 BC Chr.
Yingpanshan culture 5000 –... v. Chr.
Caiyuan culture 4800-3900 BC Chr.
Majiabang culture 4750-3700 BC Chr.
Hongshan culture 4700-2900 BC Chr.
Daxi culture 4400-3300 BC Chr.
Dawenkou culture 4100-2600 BC Chr.
Beiyinyangying culture 4000-3000 BC Chr.
Songze culture 3900-3200 BC Chr.
Miaozigou culture 3500-3000 BC Chr.
Liangzhu culture 3400-2000 BC Chr.
Longshan culture also Miaodigou II culture 3200-1850 BC Chr.
Shanbei culture 3050-2550 BC Chr.
Majiayao culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Xiaoheyan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Tanshishan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Shixia culture 2900-2700 BC Chr.
Qujialing culture 2750-2650 BC Chr.
Shijiahe culture 2600-2000 BC Chr.
Banshan Machang culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Baodun culture 2500-1700 BC Chr.
Keshengzhuang II culture 2300-2000 BC Chr.
Zhukaigou culture ...– 1500 BC Chr.
Qijia culture 2000 –... v. Chr.
Qugong culture v. Chr.
Shangzhai culture v. Chr.
Xinkailiu culture v. Chr.
Youziling culture v. Chr.
Kuahuqiao culture v. Chr.
Lijiacun culture v. Chr.
Pianbaozi culture v. Chr.
Banpo culture v. Chr.
Shijia culture v. Chr.
Miaodigou culture v. Chr.
Xiwangcun culture v. Chr.
Qinwangzhai culture v. Chr.
Hougang culture v. Chr.
Dasikongcun culture v. Chr.
Xiawanggang culture v. Chr.
Changguogou culture v. Chr.
Copper Age
Black ceramics of the Hemudu culture
Oldest Hemudu pottery

The Neolithic Hemudu culture ( Chinese  河姆渡 文化 ) existed from around 7000 BC. And had its heyday from about 5200 to 4500 BC. Other sources date the Hemudu culture to the period from around 5050 to 3350 BC. Chr.

Remains of this culture were found in 1973 in the eponymous village of Hemudu. A museum has existed there since May 1993, showing the most important finds from the excavations and dealing with the Hemudu culture. The museum also has an open-air area with replicas of characteristic buildings from the Hemudu culture. The site and the museum ( 29 ° 57 ′ 51.1 ″  N , 121 ° 20 ′ 39.8 ″  E ) are located in Yuyao County in the north of the Chinese province of Zhèjiāng , south of the Hangzhou Bay and 120 km south of today's Shanghai . Other sites are Fujiashan in the Jiangbei District of Ningbo City , as well as in Tianluoshan and on the Zhoushan Islands. The Zhejiang Provincial Museum is also home to essential holdings of the Hemudu culture .

The Hemudu culture was among other things one of the first cultures to cultivate wet rice , extract and process lacquer and raise silkworms . In addition, one of the oldest finds of cooked rice comes from there. Besides the cultivation of rice cultivation, the economy of the people of the Hemudu culture was based on the breeding of water buffalo, pigs and dogs. Fishing, hunting and gathering completed the menu.

Many objects were made from bones - e.g. B. from the shoulder blades of animals. Bird bone flutes found in Hemudu resemble today's Dizi bamboo flutes. In addition, they produced polished ceramics decorated with geometric patterns and made lacquered bowls and wooden bowls. In addition, ivory was processed and decorated with representations of phoenixes. In contrast to the brown vessels of the Majiabang culture (4750–3700 BC), the clay vessels were typically colored black. The Hemudu culture coexisted with this for around 1000 years, during which a cultural exchange took place. However, both cultures remained different from each other.

Wooden houses were planned and built on piles by the water. Rectangular wells lined with wood were also known. Oars and remains of mud ships were also discovered. Probably due to floods and changes in the bed of the Yaojiang River, possibly also due to salinisation of the soil, the bearers of the Hemudu culture migrated.

The Hemudu site has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 1982 .

See also

literature

  • Kwang-chih Chang: The Archeology of Ancient China. 4th, edition, revised and enlarged. Yale University Press, New Haven CT et al. 1986, ISBN 0-300-03784-8 .

Web links

Commons : Hemudu Culture  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sun Guoping: A companion to Chinese archeology . Ed .: Anne P. Underhill. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex; Malden (Mass.) 2013, ISBN 978-1-4443-3529-3 , pp. 640 p .