Liangzhu culture

Neolithic cultures of China
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Shangshan culture	11000-9000 cal BP
Zaoshi culture of the lower class	7500-7000 BC Chr.
Pengtoushan culture	7500-6100 BC Chr.
Gaomiao culture	7400-7100 BC Chr.
Zhaobaogou culture	7000-6400 BC Chr.
Hemudu culture	7000-4500 BC BC / 5000–3300 BC Chr.
Houli culture	6250-5850 BC Chr.
Xinglongwa culture	6200-5400 BC Chr.
Laoguantai culture also Dadiwan-I culture	6000-5000 BC BC / 6000-3000 BC Chr.
Dadiwan culture	5800-3000 BC Chr.
Chengbeixi culture	5800-4700 BC Chr.
Peiligang culture	5600-4900 BC Chr.
Xinle culture	5500-4800 BC Chr.
Cishan culture	5400-5100 BC Chr.
Beixin culture	5400-4400 BC Chr.
Qingliangang culture	5400-4400 BC Chr.
Tangjiagang culture	5050-4450 BC Chr.
Baiyangcun culture	5000-3700 BC Chr.
Yangshao culture also Miaodigou-I culture	5000-2000 BC Chr.
Yingpanshan culture	5000 –... v. Chr.
Caiyuan culture	4800-3900 BC Chr.
Majiabang culture	4750-3700 BC Chr.
Hongshan culture	4700-2900 BC Chr.
Daxi culture	4400-3300 BC Chr.
Dawenkou culture	4100-2600 BC Chr.
Beiyinyangying culture	4000-3000 BC Chr.
Songze culture	3900-3200 BC Chr.
Miaozigou culture	3500-3000 BC Chr.
Liangzhu culture	3400-2000 BC Chr.
Longshan culture also Miaodigou II culture	3200-1850 BC Chr.
Shanbei culture	3050-2550 BC Chr.
Majiayao culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Xiaoheyan culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Tanshishan culture	3000-2000 BC Chr.
Shixia culture	2900-2700 BC Chr.
Qujialing culture	2750-2650 BC Chr.
Shijiahe culture	2600-2000 BC Chr.
Banshan Machang culture	2500-2000 BC Chr.
Baodun culture	2500-1700 BC Chr.
Keshengzhuang II culture	2300-2000 BC Chr.
Zhukaigou culture	...– 1500 BC Chr.
Qijia culture	2000 –... v. Chr.
Qugong culture	v. Chr.
Shangzhai culture	v. Chr.
Xinkailiu culture	v. Chr.
Youziling culture	v. Chr.
Kuahuqiao culture	v. Chr.
Lijiacun culture	v. Chr.
Pianbaozi culture	v. Chr.
Banpo culture	v. Chr.
Shijia culture	v. Chr.
Miaodigou culture	v. Chr.
Xiwangcun culture	v. Chr.
Qinwangzhai culture	v. Chr.
Hougang culture	v. Chr.
Dasikongcun culture	v. Chr.
Xiawanggang culture	v. Chr.
Changguogou culture	v. Chr.
Copper Age

Ritual bi-disk from the Liangzhu culture period. Such jade discs with centric holes were symbols of prosperity and military strength.

The Liangzhu culture ( Chinese  良渚 文化 , Pinyin liángzhǔ wénhuà ) is a culture of the late Neolithic on the southeast coast of China .

In the 1970s and 1980s archaeologists discovered late Neolithic tombs in the Tai Lake area in the lower Yangtze Valley in China. They date from the time between 3400 and 2000 BC. More than 5000 pieces of jade, including perforated discs and tubes, were found in these graves . These are said to have been ritual objects given by the king. Their use was related to the worship of heaven and earth.

Most of the jade stones are made of nephrite . They depict creatures that, since it is believed that the use of metal was still alien, in all probability were carved with shark teeth. The excavations show the great importance that jade had in this region at that time. From the text Zhouli (The Rites of the Zhou), which was published between 400 and 300 BC. It can be inferred that these jade objects were still used during the Zhou dynasty (1000–221 BC).

Significant sites of Liangzhu culture are Liangzhu Site , Fanshan Site , Yaoshan Site , Yuhang Site , Sidun Site , Mojiaoshan Site, and Huiguanshan Site .

The oldest evidence of large hydraulic engineering systems in China comes from this culture . An approximately 5,100-year-old system of dams, canals and water reservoirs was discovered that made it possible to irrigate 10,000 hectares of agricultural land.

See also

• List of Neolithic sites in China

Web links

• Jerrod Roalstad: Liangzhu Culture. (No longer available online.) In: mnsu.edu. Minnesota State University, archived from the original on July 24, 2010 ; accessed on January 23, 2014 (English). 
• Riddle of Liangzhu Culture expected to be solved. In: en.people.cn. People's Daily Online, July 4, 2004. 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Yang Xiaoneng: New Perspectives on China's Past. Chinese Archeology in the Twentieth Century. Yale University Press, New Haven 2004, Vol. 2, pp. 90–90.
2. ↑ K. Kris Hirst: Liangzhu Culture. (No longer available online.) In: archeology.about.com. The New York Times Company , archived from the original on June 28, 2008 ; accessed on December 29, 2018 (English). 
3. ↑ (tasch): Huge hydraulic engineering system from ancient China discovered. In: The Standard . December 9, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017 .