Yangshao culture

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Neolithic cultures of China
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Shangshan culture 11000-9000 cal BP
Zaoshi culture of the lower class 7500-7000 BC Chr.
Pengtoushan culture 7500-6100 BC Chr.
Gaomiao culture 7400-7100 BC Chr.
Zhaobaogou culture 7000-6400 BC Chr.
Hemudu culture 7000-4500 BC BC / 5000–3300 BC Chr.
Houli culture 6250-5850 BC Chr.
Xinglongwa culture 6200-5400 BC Chr.
Laoguantai culture also Dadiwan-I culture 6000-5000 BC BC / 6000-3000 BC Chr.
Dadiwan culture 5800-3000 BC Chr.
Chengbeixi culture 5800-4700 BC Chr.
Peiligang culture 5600-4900 BC Chr.
Xinle culture 5500-4800 BC Chr.
Cishan culture 5400-5100 BC Chr.
Beixin culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Qingliangang culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Tangjiagang culture 5050-4450 BC Chr.
Baiyangcun culture 5000-3700 BC Chr.
Yangshao culture also Miaodigou-I culture 5000-2000 BC Chr.
Yingpanshan culture 5000 –... v. Chr.
Caiyuan culture 4800-3900 BC Chr.
Majiabang culture 4750-3700 BC Chr.
Hongshan culture 4700-2900 BC Chr.
Daxi culture 4400-3300 BC Chr.
Dawenkou culture 4100-2600 BC Chr.
Beiyinyangying culture 4000-3000 BC Chr.
Songze culture 3900-3200 BC Chr.
Miaozigou culture 3500-3000 BC Chr.
Liangzhu culture 3400-2000 BC Chr.
Longshan culture also Miaodigou II culture 3200-1850 BC Chr.
Shanbei culture 3050-2550 BC Chr.
Majiayao culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Xiaoheyan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Tanshishan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Shixia culture 2900-2700 BC Chr.
Qujialing culture 2750-2650 BC Chr.
Shijiahe culture 2600-2000 BC Chr.
Banshan Machang culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Baodun culture 2500-1700 BC Chr.
Keshengzhuang II culture 2300-2000 BC Chr.
Zhukaigou culture ...– 1500 BC Chr.
Qijia culture 2000 –... v. Chr.
Qugong culture v. Chr.
Shangzhai culture v. Chr.
Xinkailiu culture v. Chr.
Youziling culture v. Chr.
Kuahuqiao culture v. Chr.
Lijiacun culture v. Chr.
Pianbaozi culture v. Chr.
Banpo culture v. Chr.
Shijia culture v. Chr.
Miaodigou culture v. Chr.
Xiwangcun culture v. Chr.
Qinwangzhai culture v. Chr.
Hougang culture v. Chr.
Dasikongcun culture v. Chr.
Xiawanggang culture v. Chr.
Changguogou culture v. Chr.
Copper Age
Yangshao culture amphora
Ceramic cooking utensil

The Yangshao culture ( Chinese  仰韶文化 , Pinyin Yǎngsháo wénhuà ) spread alongside the Peiligang culture and the Cishan culture in the period from 5000 to 2000 BC. In some areas of central and northern China as well as on the coastal strips. With over 1000 excavation sites from Hebei to Henan , Shaanxi , Shanxi , to Qinghai and Gansu along the Huang He , this culture is particularly well documented.

The colored ceramics are characteristic of this Neolithic culture . The vessels were made without a potter's wheel and are painted black and red on a brown and brick-colored background. They are decorated with geometric and figural elements.

Yangshao culture tools were made of polished stone and bone. There were arrow and bow , harpoons , fish hooks and spears . Millet cultivation , the keeping of pigs and dogs (more rarely cattle, goats and sheep), hunting and fishing provided the basis of food . Hunting prey was horses, deer, rhinos, antelopes, leopards, hares and the like. a. Sericulture was also known.

A typical settlement of the Yangshao culture was excavated in the village of Banpo (or Banpocun) near Xi'an , Shaanxi Province. The settlement is oval over an area of ​​50,000 m². The residential buildings, the parish hall, the storage silos and the animal enclosures were surrounded by a 6 m wide and deep ditch. The burial grounds were in the north. Children were buried in urns in the living area. From the fact that food and grave goods were added to the deceased, one concludes that there were already images of the afterlife .

The houses were square, round or square and were relatively stable. The roof and sometimes the walls were supported by wooden posts.

Due to their different ceramic types, different Yangshao cultures named after their sites are distinguished: Banpo culture , Shijia culture , Miaodigou culture , Xiwangcun culture , Qinwangzhai culture , Hougang culture , Dasikongcun culture and Xiawanggang culture .

The Yangshao site has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (1-138) since 1961 .

See also

literature

  • Otto Ladstätter and Sepp Linhart : China and Japan. The cultures of East Asia. Verlag Carl Ueberreuter, Vienna 1983
  • Hermann Müller-Karpe : Neolithic settlements of the Yangshao culture in northern China , based on the work of Shi Xingbang a. a., Munich Beck, 1982
  • Zhongguo kexueyuan Kaogu yanjiusuo, Banpo bowuguan (Archaeological Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Banpo Museum) [ed.]: Xi'an Banpo (The Banpo Settlement near Xi'an) , Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1963
  • Yan Wenming: Yangshao wenhua yanjiu (research on Yangshao culture) , Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 1989

Web links


Coordinates: 36 ° 18 '  N , 109 ° 6'  E