Shijiahe culture

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Neolithic cultures of China
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Shangshan culture 11000-9000 cal BP
Zaoshi culture of the lower class 7500-7000 BC Chr.
Pengtoushan culture 7500-6100 BC Chr.
Gaomiao culture 7400-7100 BC Chr.
Zhaobaogou culture 7000-6400 BC Chr.
Hemudu culture 7000-4500 BC BC / 5000–3300 BC Chr.
Houli culture 6250-5850 BC Chr.
Xinglongwa culture 6200-5400 BC Chr.
Laoguantai culture also Dadiwan-I culture 6000-5000 BC BC / 6000-3000 BC Chr.
Dadiwan culture 5800-3000 BC Chr.
Chengbeixi culture 5800-4700 BC Chr.
Peiligang culture 5600-4900 BC Chr.
Xinle culture 5500-4800 BC Chr.
Cishan culture 5400-5100 BC Chr.
Beixin culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Qingliangang culture 5400-4400 BC Chr.
Tangjiagang culture 5050-4450 BC Chr.
Baiyangcun culture 5000-3700 BC Chr.
Yangshao culture also Miaodigou-I culture 5000-2000 BC Chr.
Yingpanshan culture 5000 –... v. Chr.
Caiyuan culture 4800-3900 BC Chr.
Majiabang culture 4750-3700 BC Chr.
Hongshan culture 4700-2900 BC Chr.
Daxi culture 4400-3300 BC Chr.
Dawenkou culture 4100-2600 BC Chr.
Beiyinyangying culture 4000-3000 BC Chr.
Songze culture 3900-3200 BC Chr.
Miaozigou culture 3500-3000 BC Chr.
Liangzhu culture 3400-2000 BC Chr.
Longshan culture also Miaodigou II culture 3200-1850 BC Chr.
Shanbei culture 3050-2550 BC Chr.
Majiayao culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Xiaoheyan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Tanshishan culture 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Shixia culture 2900-2700 BC Chr.
Qujialing culture 2750-2650 BC Chr.
Shijiahe culture 2600-2000 BC Chr.
Banshan Machang culture 2500-2000 BC Chr.
Baodun culture 2500-1700 BC Chr.
Keshengzhuang II culture 2300-2000 BC Chr.
Zhukaigou culture ...– 1500 BC Chr.
Qijia culture 2000 –... v. Chr.
Qugong culture v. Chr.
Shangzhai culture v. Chr.
Xinkailiu culture v. Chr.
Youziling culture v. Chr.
Kuahuqiao culture v. Chr.
Lijiacun culture v. Chr.
Pianbaozi culture v. Chr.
Banpo culture v. Chr.
Shijia culture v. Chr.
Miaodigou culture v. Chr.
Xiwangcun culture v. Chr.
Qinwangzhai culture v. Chr.
Hougang culture v. Chr.
Dasikongcun culture v. Chr.
Xiawanggang culture v. Chr.
Changguogou culture v. Chr.
Copper Age

The Shijiahe culture ( Chinese  石 家 河 文化 , Pinyin Shíjiāhé wénhuà , English Shijiahe Culture ) was a Neolithic culture on the central reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The clay figures of people and animals found there are famous .

It takes its name from the site discovered in 1955 in the large community of Shihe 石 河镇 of Tianmen天门市, Hubei Province . Several dozen sites have been discovered, most of which are grouped together under the heading of "Shijiahe sites" (Shijiahe yizhi qun 石 家 河 遗址 群 Group Sites at Shijiahe).

The distribution area of ​​the Shijiahe culture was the middle north of the Jianghan Plain , mainly in the area of Hubei Province , in the north and south it extended to the southwest of Henan Province and the north of Hunan Province ; it is dated from approx. 2600 to 2000 BC. Dated.

Rice cultivation was at the center of their economic life. In the Dengjiawan site (邓 家湾 遗址) in Tianmen, lumps of copper and the raw material malachite for copper smelting were discovered; these are the earliest known metal relics on the central reaches of the Yangtze , they show the occurrence of copper smelting .

There are new developments in the art of jade carving , with the art of hollowing out well mastered.

Several thousand small terracotta figurines have been excavated in Dengjiawan site: various birds, quadrupeds, fish, softshell turtles, domesticated animals and kneeling human figures holding a fish.

The graves are rectangular earth graves (tukeng) and urn graves (wengguanzang), in some there are abundant grave goods, in others the lower jaw bones of pigs were buried, which suggests strong social contrasts.

At the center of the Shijiahe sites is the ancient city of Shijiahe, surrounded by earthworks and moats. The upper layer of the eponymous site belonged to the Qujialing culture.

The Shijiahe site (Shijiahe yizhi 石 家 河 遗址) in Tianmen has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 1996 (Resolution 4-15).

More sites

See also

literature

  • Shihe kaogudui 石河 考古 队: "Hubei Tianmenshi Dengjiawan yizhi 1992 nian fajue jianbao" 湖北 天门市 邓 家湾 遗址 1992 年 发掘 简报 [Brief report on the excavation of Dengjiawan site in Tianmen, Hubei, 1992], Wenwu 1994.4
  • Yang Xiaoneng: Zhongguo yuanshi diaosu yishu , Hong Kong 1988
  • Yang Xiaoneng: Sculpture of Prehistoric China , Hong Kong 1988
  • Shihe kaogudui 石河 考古 队: "Hubei Shihe yizhi qun 1987 nian fajue jianbao" 湖北 石河 遗址 群 1987 年 发掘 简报 (Short report on the excavations of the Shijia sites in Hubei in 1987), Wenwu 1990/8, pp. 1– 16
  • Zhang Xuqiu : Changjiang zhongyou xinshiqi shidai wenhua gailun [Introduction to the Neolithic cultures of the central reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze)]. Hubei, 1992
  • Zhang Xuqiu: 张绪 球: "Shijiahe wenhua de taosupin" 石 家 河 文化 的 陶塑 品, Jianghan kaogu江汉 考古 (“Jianghan Archeology”) 1991/3, pp. 56–57
  • Hubei Sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo & Zhongguo Shehui Kexueyuan kaogu yanjiusuo (Institute of Archeology and Cultural Objects of Hubei Province and Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)): "Hubei Shijiahe Luojiabailing xinshiqi 河湖北 罗家柏 罗家柏时代 遗址, Kaogu Xuebao 1994.2: 191-229
  • Hubei sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo 湖北省 文物 考古 研究所: Yidu Chengbeixi宜都 城 背 溪 (Chengbeixi in Yidu). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 2001; ISBN 7501012563
  • Jingzhou bowuguan 荆州 博物馆 (Jingzhou Museum): Shijiahe wenhua yuqi石 家 河 文化 玉器 (Jade objects of the Shijiahe culture), Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 2008 ( web )

reference books

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Cihai , p. 1521.