Cishan culture
The cishan culture ( Chinese 磁山文化 , pinyin Cishan Wenhua , English Cishan Culture ) is after the site Cishan (city Wu'an (武安市), province of Hebei , northern China named) early Neolithic culture. The Cishan site is the eponymous site and was discovered in 1973. The culture was mainly spread in the southern part of Hebei Province.
According to the radiocarbon dating , it is dated from about 5400 to 5100 BC. Dated. On the whole, it is similar to the Peiligang culture , its culture forms are relatively closely related. Sometimes the two cultures are also referred to together as the Cishan-Peiligang culture or the Peiligang-Cishan culture .
Agriculture was already developed, and in some storage pits, piled millet (more precisely: millet ; Chinese xiǎomǐ ; English foxtail millet ) was discovered, which means that agriculture was already practiced on a fairly large scale. Pigs and dogs were bred on domestic animals, and probably chickens as well. Gathering, fishing and hunting also played a very large part.
The main tools used were polished stone tools, including a willow leaf- shaped saddle mill (shímòpán) and stone sickles for processing the grain . The firing temperature of the pottery was relatively low, among other things the three-legged clay pot (bō 钵), bowl (wǎn 碗) and the two-eyed jug (shuāngěrhú 双耳) can be found on vessel shapes . Also clay ding -vials were discovered. Water heating techniques are already emerging, which marks the beginning of cooking in clay vessels. Drinking and eating was already done from different utensils.
The Cishan site ( 磁 山 遗址 , Cìshān yízhǐ ) has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (3-188) since 1988 .
See also
literature
- Hebei sheng wenwu guanlichu (ed.): "Hebei Wu'an Cishan yizhi" (The Cishan Site in Wu'an, Hebei Province), Kaogu Xuebao 1981 (3): 303-338.
- Zhou Benxiong (周 本 雄): "Hebei Wu'an Cishan yizhi de dongwu guhai" (animal bones from the Cishan site in Wu'an, Hebei Province), Kaogu Xuebao 1981 (3): 339-346.
- Zhongguo da baike quansu chuban faxing (Editing Group of the Great Chinese Encyclopedia Publishing House), Ed .: Zhongguo pengren baike quanshu [Encyclopedia of Chinese Cuisine], Beijing 1995; ISBN 7-5000-5125-5
- Cihai ("Sea of Words"); Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe 2002; ISBN 7-5326-0839-5
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cihai , S. 247b.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Zhongguo pengren baike quanshu , p. 772a