Hangzhou
Hángzhōu Shì 杭州市 Hangzhou |
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Clockwise from top: Su Dam on West Lake (2008), Bridge on Yanggong Dam, West Lake (2008), Former residence of Hu Xueyan, Jíxián Pavilion on West Lake (2004), Liuhe Pagoda (2007) |
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Coordinates | 30 ° 16 ′ N , 120 ° 11 ′ E | |
Location Hangzhou in Zhejiang |
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Basic data | ||
Country | People's Republic of China | |
region | East china | |
province | Zhejiang | |
ISO 3166-2 | CN-ZJ | |
status | Sub-provincial town | |
structure | City districts, two districts and one urban district | |
height | 19 m | |
surface | 16,596 km² | |
Residents | 9,188,000 (2016) | |
density | 553.6 Ew. / km² | |
Post Code | 310000 | |
Telephone code | (+86) 571 | |
Time zone | China Standard Time (CST) UTC +8 |
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License Plate | 浙 A | |
Website | www.hangzhou.gov.cn | |
politics | ||
mayor | XU, Liyi 徐立毅 |
Hangzhou ( Chinese 杭州 , Pinyin Hángzhōu , short 杭 ) is the capital of the Chinese province of Zhejiang , one of the 15 sub-provincial cities of China and the center of the Hangzhou metropolitan area. The actual urban region has over nine million inhabitants and is located at the mouth of the Qiantang River in Hangzhou Bay .
The Imperial Canal , an important connection to northern China, begins in Hangzhou . The city is still an important production and trading center for Chinese silk and Long Jing tea .
geography
location
Hangzhou is about 190 km south-southwest of Shanghai . The administrative area of the sub-provincial town has an area of 16,596 km² and approx. 9.2 million inhabitants (as of 2016) . Around 5.6 million of them live in densely populated urban areas (2010 census).
Administrative structure
At the county level, Hangzhou is made up of ten urban districts , two districts and one urban district. These are:
- Shangcheng District ( 上 城區 / 上 城区 = "Upper Town"), 18.3 km², 362,000 inhabitants;
- Xiacheng district ( 下 城區 / 下 城区 = "lower town"), 31.46 km², 405,000 inhabitants;
- Jianggan District ( 江干 區 / 江干 区 ), 210.22 km², 404,000 inhabitants;
- Gongshu district ( 拱墅 區 / 拱墅 区 ), 87.49 km², 288,000 inhabitants, seat of the city government;
- Xihu District ( 西湖 區 / 西湖 区 ), 308.7 km², 628,000 inhabitants;
- Binjiang District ( 濱江 區 / 滨江 区 ), 72.02 km², 131,000 inhabitants;
- Xiaoshan District ( 蕭山 區 / 萧山 区 ), 1,420 km², 1,177,000 inhabitants;
- Yuhang District ( 餘杭 區 / 余杭 区 ), 1,223.56 km², 832,000 inhabitants;
- Fuyang District ( 富陽 區 / 富阳 区 ), 1,831.2 km², 628,000 inhabitants;
- City district Lin'an ( 臨安 區 / 临安 区 ), 3,126.8 km², 519,000 inhabitants.
- Tonglu district ( 桐廬 縣 / 桐庐 县 ), 1,825 km², 395,000 inhabitants;
- Chun'an district ( 淳安 縣 / 淳安 县 ), 4,427 km², 453,000 inhabitants, main town: Greater Qiandaohu community (千岛湖 镇);
- City of Jiande ( 建德 市 / 建德 市 ), 2,321 km², 508,000 inhabitants;
climate
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Hangzhou
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history
Hangzhou is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization, the Liangzhu culture can be traced back to 4700 years ago. The documented history of the city goes back to the year 221 BC. BC back. Hangzhou was the capital of the southern Song Dynasty (1132–1276). The China traveler Marco Polo is said to have called the city “the most beautiful and greatest city in the world”. In its time, in the 13th century , the city had the largest port in the world. Today it is no longer a port city, because the bay silted up over the centuries.
It is believed that the city could have had a population of up to 1,000,000 people by the mid-13th century. The majority of them must have been refugees and soldiers who huddled there as a result of the Mongol invasion. That would have made Hangzhou the largest medieval city in the world before Baghdad .
Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN
In 2017, almost 7 million people lived in the actual urban settlement area of the city. The rest of the population lives in the rural area. Due to advancing urbanization, the agglomeration is expected to have 9.7 million inhabitants by 2035.
year | population |
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1950 | 610,000 |
1960 | 948,000 |
1970 | 1,025,000 |
1980 | 1,136,000 |
1990 | 1,666,000 |
2000 | 3,570,000 |
2010 | 5,758,000 |
2017 | 7,038,000 |
Culture and sights
Museums of National Importance in Hangzhou
National Chinese Tea Museum
National Chinese Silk Museum
National Chinese Seal Museum
National Chinese Wetlands Museum (Xixi Wetland)
Zhejiang Province Museums in Hangzhou
Zhejiang Provincial Museum
Zhejiang Natural History Museum
Zhejiang Art Museum
West Lake
The main attraction in Hangzhou is the 500 hectare West Lake to the west of the city center with over 60 individual sights. This lake has been recognized several times across China and Japan because of its beauty. Partly by artificial damming, copied. In the West Lake there are three small pagodas, which are considered the symbol of the lake in China and are depicted on the back of the one-yuan note. In June 2011, UNESCO declared the West Lake and its surroundings a World Heritage Site.
Pagoda of the Six Harmonies
The Pagoda of the Six Harmonies , located south of the city near the Qiantang-Jiang Bridge, which was completed in 1937, was first built at the end of the 10th century as a protection against spring tides and as a lighthouse . After it was destroyed in 1122, a spring tide hit the city of Hangzhou, which is why the pagoda was subsequently rebuilt. The brick core of the pagoda dates from the Song Dynasty , while the wooden cladding, which is visible from afar, dates from the end of the 19th century. Inside, the pagoda has frescoes from the time it was built.
Hu Qingyu Pharmacy
The Hu-Qingyu pharmacy building with a museum of traditional Chinese medicine is located in the Hanghai-Lu pedestrian zone . The building, constructed in 1874, still contains a pharmacy for traditional Chinese medicines and can be seen as an architectural example of a large trading house from the late Qing dynasty .
Tea plantations
Hangzhou is also known as a tea-growing area in China. The most famous green tea in China, the Dragon Well Tea ( 龍井茶 / 龙井茶 , Lóngjǐngchá ), is grown in Hangzhou.
silk
Hangzhou has always been known as the "City of Silk". There are several silk factories and also a silk market. There is one of the largest silk museums here, the Chinese National Museum of Silk . In the mountains to the west of the West Lake is the Lingyin Temple , which is dedicated to the silk deities.
Paris (replica)
With the Eiffel Tower and Arc de Triomphe in Tianducheng, a suburb of Hangzhou, the flair of Paris is imitated.
Education and Research
- schools
For some time now, new school complexes or entire “school cities” based on the western model have been emerging in Hangzhou. Some of these schools have maintained partnerships with German grammar schools since 2005. One focus is on mutual exchange visits by students.
- Universities and colleges
- Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang Polytechnic University
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Hangzhou Electrical and Electronics University
( 杭州 電子 科技 大學 / 杭州 电子 科技 大学 ) -
Chinese College of Metrology
( 中国 计量 学院 ) - Zhejiang University of Science and Technology
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Zhejiang University of Industry and Commerce
( 浙江 工商 大學 / 浙江 工商 大学 ) - Shuren University of Zhejiang
- Chinese College of Arts
With Zhejiang University , the city has one of the best universities in the country. It maintains partnerships with numerous German universities and colleges. The Chinese College of the Arts is the largest art college in China with around 7,000 students and is also one of the best in the country. It maintains partnerships with, among others, the Berlin University of the Arts .
economy
According to a study from 2014, Hangzhou has a gross domestic product of US $ 219.5 billion in purchasing power parity . In the ranking of the economically strongest metropolitan regions worldwide, the city took 49th place. The GDP per capita is $ 24,637 (PPP). The city employed 4.4 million people. At 7.9% annually in the period from 2009 to 2014, GDP per capita grew rapidly.
Hangzhou is the seat of the Alibaba Group .
traffic
Street
Hangzhou is on the Hukun Expressway (G60), which runs from Shanghai to Kunming in southwest China.
The 6-lane Hangzhou Bridge , which runs 95 km to the east over the great Hangzhou Bay , was opened on May 1, 2008 after around 10 years of planning and construction. It is officially 35.673 km long z. Currently the longest overseas bridge in the world. The foundation of the pillars was difficult because the tidal range in the shallow bay of up to 6 m and the poorly stable subsoil presented a great challenge. The larger of the two passages has a pylon span of 448 m, the passage width is 408 m. This shortens the road distance between Shanghai and Ningbo by 120 km. Construction of the stay cable structure began in November 2003 and cost 11.8 billion yuan (US $ 1.1 billion). The new bridge has relieved the main roads in the eastern Hangzhou area.
railroad
On October 26, 2010, the 202 km long high-speed line from Shanghai to Hangzhou went into operation. It is to become part of the high-speed route between Shanghai and Kunming , known as the Hukun route . On December 25, 2018, the eastern section of the Hangzhou – Nanchang high-speed line to Huangshan was opened.
Airport
Hangzhou is home to the province's international airport , Hangzhou-Xiaoshan Airport . In terms of passenger volume, it is the tenth largest airport in China.
Local public transport
Hangzhou has a very well developed local public transport system with dozens of bus routes. There are currently no trams in the city.
Subway
The Hangzhou Metro has been under construction since 2007 . The first 48 km long line was opened on November 24, 2012. Lines 2 and 3 are also already in operation. The long-term plan envisages a 375 km network with 13 lines by 2050.
Bike and car sharing
One of the world's largest bike rental systems is located in Hangzhou . The vehicle manufacturer Kandi Technologies also operates a car sharing system with electric cars in Hangzhou . When the vehicles are not in use, they are parked in mechanical parking facilities where they are charged at the same time.
sons and daughters of the town
- Shen Kuo (1031-1095), civil servant, scientist, mathematician, geologist, general, diplomat and inventor of the compass for navigation
- Song Bing (1271–1279), the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty
- Sun Baoqi (1867–1931), politician, served in both the Chinese Empire and the Republic of China
- Xia Yan (1900–1995), playwright, screenwriter and translator
- Qian Xuesen (1911-2009), scientist
- Ky Fan (1914-2010), Sino-American mathematician
- Ven Te Chow (1919–1981), engineer, hydrologist and professor of water engineering, founder of the International Water Resources Association
- Chang Cheh (1923–2002), film director and screenwriter
- Hu Haichang (1928–2011), engineering scientist
- Lü Zushan (* 1946), politician
- Marijam Agischewa (* 1958), Austrian actress
- Wu Xiaoxuan (* 1958), marksman and Olympic champion
- Yu Hua (* 1960), author
- Wu Man (* 1963), pipa player
- Jack Ma (* 1964), founder of Alibaba.com/Taobao.com
- Lou Yun (* 1964), apparatus gymnast
- Tang Wei (* 1979), actress
- Luo Xuejuan (* 1984), swimmer and Olympic champion
- Yang Yu (* 1985), freestyle swimmer
- Sun Yang (* 1991), swimmer
- He Yecong (* 1994), tennis player
- Fu Yuanhui (* 1996), swimmer
- Ye Shiwen (* 1996), swimmer
- Wu Yibing (* 1999), tennis player
Twin cities
City partnerships exist with the following cities, among others:
city | country | since |
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Sayama | Japan | 1978 |
Gifu | Japan | 1979 |
Boston | United States | 1982 |
Baguio City | Philippines | 1982 |
Leeds | England | 1988 |
Fukui | Japan | 1989 |
Yeosu | South Korea | 1994 |
Nice | France | 1994 |
Paramaribo | Suriname | 1988 |
Budapest | Hungary | 1999 |
Beit Shemesh | Israel | 2000 |
Cape Town | South Africa | 2005 |
Dresden | Germany | 2009 |
Heidelberg | Germany | 2018 |
Picture gallery
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zhejiang (China): Prefecture Level, Cities & Counties - Population Statistics, Maps, Graphics, Weather and Web Information. Retrieved February 7, 2018 .
- ↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
- ↑ Isabelle Harbrecht: China's 41st World Heritage China Tours Magazine, August 4, 2011
- ↑ Anke Kausch: China . 3rd edition, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-7701-4313-2
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung : Real estate boom in the People's Republic - Eiffel Tower, made in China , article from August 9, 2013, last accessed on December 23, 2017
- ^ Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 30, 2018]).
- ↑ Alibaba plans largest IPO in history. handelsblatt.com, September 5, 2014, accessed September 5, 2014
- ↑ bac: China is putting numerous new lines into operation . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International 4/2019, p. 186f (187).
- ↑ Hangzhou Metro, Zhejiang. In: railway-technology.com . Retrieved June 22, 2013 .
- ↑ Hangzhou, China: The world's largest bike sharing program (pdf) ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kandi Crush: An Electric-Car Vending Machine From China Could Upend The Auto Industry
- ↑ heidelberg.de - Hangzhou. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
Web links
- Official website (Chinese, English)
- Hangzhou Photos