Reinhold von Rosen (General)

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Reinhold von Rosen (1605–1667) in the Theatrum Europaeum

Reinhold von Rosen (* 1605 ; † December 8, 1667 in Dettweiler ) was a Baltic German nobleman who made a career as an officer in Swedish and French services . Most recently he was Lieutenant General and Commandant in Alsace .

family

Reinhold von Rosen came from the German Baltic noble family von Rosen . He was a son of Otto von Rosen and Catharina von Klebeck. He was married three times, although the name of his first wife, with whom he had at least one daughter Katharina Elisabeth, is no longer known. This daughter was married to the Swedish officer Georg von Raczin († 1651). His second marriage was in 1637 in Strasbourg with Margarethe von Eppe (1616–1665). From this marriage there was at least one daughter who married Conrad von Rosen . His third marriage, which he apparently entered into with Justine von Gernitz as early as 1664, remained childless. Rosen was a Lutheran all his life .

Life

Reinhold von Rosen as the Saxon-Weimar Commander-in-Chief, engraving from the 17th century

He began his career as a cavalry - cornet in Swedish services, where he soon the favor of the king enjoyed. In the battle of Lützen , which was tragic for Sweden , he commanded a cavalry regiment. On July 17, 1635, he was able to prevent the Protestant city of Zweibrücken from being captured by the Catholic-Imperial General Matthias Gallas . He then served under Duke Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar , under whom he fought against Lorraine troops in Alsace in 1639 and took the city of Thann . After Bernhard's death in July 1639, Rosen became one of the four general directors appointed by him for the Weimar Army and switched to French pay with them. He subsequently carried out several independent operations and attacked the imperial on various occasions: in 1640 he stormed the city of Homburg vor der Höhe , defeated an imperial contingent near Friedberg and attacked and defeated the Croatian regiment of Colonel Peter von Losy in his quarters in Allendorf . Finally he defeated an imperial army under General Hans Rudolf von Breda , who lost his life in the battle at Riebelsdorfer Berg on November 15, 1640, near Ziegenhain in northern Hesse . In 1642 he took part in the battle on the Kempen Heide , in which the Weimaraner under the French marshal Jean Baptiste Budes de Guébriant together with troops from Hessen-Kassel defeated the imperial army under Guillaume de Lamboy .

At the end of 1643 the Franco-Weimar army was surprised and almost completely wiped out in its quarters by Bavaria, Imperial and Lorraine under Franz von Mercy in the battle of Tuttlingen . Rosen escaped to Rottweil , where he took the wounded Georg Christoph von Taupadel and the corpse of the Guébriant who was fatally wounded during the conquest of Rottweil with him. Then Rosen led the rubble of the defeated army across the Rhine into Alsace. In August 1644, Rosen commanded the cavalry of the Weimaraner as Lieutenant General under the new commander Turenne and fought under Turenne and Enghien near Freiburg against the Bavarian troops of Mercy. When the French broke off the attack on Freiburg after several unsuccessful attacks on Mercy's positions and marched into Glottertal to cut off Mercy's rear connections, Rosen was at the head of the troops with his riders. On August 10th at St. Peter he met the rearguard of Mercy, who had withdrawn from Freiburg in time. Mercy was able to repel Rosen's attack and successfully secure his retreat through the Black Forest , but had to leave his entourage behind. The French and Weimaraners then moved to the Rhine plain, where Rosen's cavalry successively brought the towns of Baden-Baden , Ettlingen , Durlach , Pforzheim , Bretten , Bruchsal and Wiesloch to the handover. After the French conquered Philippsburg , Rosen still took Oppenheim and Mannheim . During the reconquest of Mannheim by Bavarian troops under Reuschenberg on October 17, 1644, Rosen narrowly escaped captivity by fleeing across the Rhine.

Dettwiller Castle and Chateau Rosen

After the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1649 he took over the command of the troops in the French army that had been converted from Sweden. He last fought in 1650 in the battle of Rethel . After leaving the army, Rosen was entrusted with the administration of Upper Alsace until his death . Rosen was lord of the manor at Ninigal near Fellin in Livonia and at Bollweiler and Dettweiler in Alsace, where he had a castle built, and finally also owner of the Herrenstein estate near Neuwiller-lès-Saverne not far from Strasbourg.

reception

For his contribution to the defense of the city, Zweibrücken named Von-Rosen-Strasse in the center after him.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dedication to Rosen, Friedrich Moser von Filseck († 1671), Georg Hansson von Snoilsky (1607–1672) and their wives in: Johann Georg Dorsche (Ed.): Martin Buceri… Drey last sermons, In the Church of God purified from the papacy at that time at Benfelden in 1538. done . Johann Andreä Erben, Strasbourg 1649, p. 3 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  2. ↑ Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck : Genealogical Manual of the Livonian Knighthood , Part 1, 2: Livland, Lfg. 9-15, Bd .: 2, Görlitz, (approx. 1935) p. 1110
  3. ↑ Bernd Warlich: The Thirty Years' War in personal reports, chronicles and reports . Volkach. ( Peter Freiherr von Losy ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.30jaehrigerkrieg.de
  4. ↑ a b c Bernhard von Poten :  Rosen, Reinhold von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 197-199.
  5. ^ Rudolf Schott: The battles in front of Freiburg im Breisgau, the conquest of Philippsburg and the sieges of several cities on the Rhine in 1644. Military history magazine , Volume 24: Issue 2. De Gruyter, 1978.
  6. ↑ Josef Reich: The successful defender of the city. In: The Rhine Palatinate. July 12, 2018, accessed June 18, 2020 .

Web links

literature

  • P. Gerber: Herrenstein avec Dettwiller et Dossenheim - Histoire de la Seigneurie de Herrenstein et remarques sur son château. Pays d'Alsace, 1975, pp. 91-92.
  • P. Gerber: La famille de Rosen en Alsace et en Franche-Comté. Pays d'Alsace, 1978, p. 103.
  • Club Patrimoine: Dettwiller Rosenwiller. Bachknippe Gèscht un Hit - Tome 1, Mémoire de vies, 2006, ISBN 2-84488-083-5 .
  • Bernhard von Poten :  Rosen, Reinhold von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 197-199.
personal data
SURNAME Rosen, Reinhold von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French lieutenant general
DATE OF BIRTH 1605
DATE OF DEATH December 8, 1667
Place of death Dettweiler