Oppenheim

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Oppenheim (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '  N , 8 ° 21'  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Mainz-Bingen
Association municipality :	Rhine-Selz
Height :	87 m above sea level NHN
Area :	7.09 km 2
Residents:	7582 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density :	1069 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	55276
Area code :	06133
License plate :	MZ , BIN
Community key :	07 3 39 049
Association administration address:	Sant'Ambrogio-Ring 33 55276 Oppenheim
Website :	www.stadt-oppenheim.de
City Mayor :	Walter Jertz (independent)
Location of the city of Oppenheim in the Mainz-Bingen district

Oppenheim is a town on the Upper Rhine , in the district of Mainz-Bingen , Rheinland-Pfalz , is located. It is the administrative seat of the Rhein-Selz community , to which it also belongs. According to state planning, Oppenheim is designated as a medium-sized center. In the high and late Middle Ages , Oppenheim was an independent imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire , which is reflected in the city's coat of arms.

Oppenheim is known as the city of wine , the seat of the German Wine Museum and the wines from the Oppenheimer Krötenbrunnen area.

geography

Oppenheim is on the left side of the Rhine in Rheinhessen , roughly in the middle between Mainz in the north and Worms in the south.

climate

The annual precipitation is 545 millimeters and is thus in the lower tenth of the values ​​recorded in Germany; only 10 percent of the German Weather Service's measuring stations register lower values. The driest month is February, with the most rainfall in June.

history

Roman time

During construction work in the 1950s on the site of the St. Sebastian's Church, which was demolished in 1837, remnants of walls, bricks as flooring, a water basin and a brick canal were found. These finds indicate that Roman buildings stood at this point. In the neighboring villages of Dienheim and Nierstein, only grave sites were discovered which, according to Roman custom, were only created outside of settlements. The former Rhineland-Palatinate state archaeologist Gerd Rupprecht located the Roman military camp Buconica at this point .

Middle Ages (500–1500)

The oldest surviving mentions of Oppenheim come from July 20, 765 and from the Lorsch Codex , where two donations of one vineyard each by Folrad and Bertrich to the Lorsch Monastery have been handed down. In 774, Charlemagne gave Oppenheim to Lorsch Abbey.

In 1008 Oppenheim received market rights . In October 1076 Oppenheim gained special importance in the investiture dispute . At the Diet of Tribur and Oppenheim, the princes asked King Henry IV to break away from the papal ban. This was the trigger for Heinrich to go to Canossa . When Oppenheim later got into a conflict of interest between the Archbishop of Mainz Adalbert I of Saarbrücken and the Staufer Duke Friedrich II , Oppenheim was destroyed by the former in 1118. When Lorsch Abbey ran into financial difficulties in the 1140s, Oppenheim returned it to the King of the Holy Roman Empire . This is how Oppenheim's history in the empire began. At the time of the Staufer Emperor Frederick II , Oppenheim became a Free Imperial City in 1225 . The city was important at that time because of its imperial castle and the castle men who lived there. In 1254 the city joined the Rhenish Association of Cities , which committed itself to guaranteeing peace and justice for all people. This also explicitly meant members of the Jewish religion . From that time on, the Jews who had lived in Oppenheim from around 1225 had legal protection.

In Oppenheim, apart from the period between 1315 and 1353, fewer pogroms took place against the Jewish population than in the neighboring cities of Mainz and Worms. However, the Jews were only granted the right of settlement in return for relatively high special taxes. In Oppenheim, the lords of Landskron Castle were granted the right to enjoy taxes from Jews, among others by King Rudolf von Habsburg .

In 1315 the city of Oppenheim was pledged to the Archbishop of Mainz . This lasted until 1353. During this time, the only pogroms against the Jewish population in the Middle Ages took place. Nevertheless, a newly built synagogue was inaugurated in 1325. This was destroyed again in a pogrom in 1349. The majority of the population blamed the Jews for the spread of the plague in Oppenheim. After this persecution, Jews did not settle again for a few years. From 1375 Oppenheim belonged to the territory of the Elector Palatinate . It had previously been pledged by Emperor Charles IV to Elector Ruprecht I , who redeemed the pledge. In 1444 there were 4 Jewish families living in Oppenheim. Later there were so many that the congregation employed 4 rabbis.

Modern times (from 1500) to 1900

Oppenheim was captured on September 14, 1620 by Spanish troops in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). In June 1631 King Gustav II Adolf crossed the Rhine with his army at Oppenheim and conquered the city. The Swedish column near Erfelden on the right bank of the Rhine in today's Hesse reminds of this crossing of the Rhine .

Oppenheim was conquered in 1688 by French troops in the course of the Palatinate War of Succession (1688–1697). On May 31, 1689, French troops destroyed under General Ezéchiel de Mélac the Landskron Castle and the city.

Jews also lived in Oppenheim in the 17th and 18th centuries. In 1765 there were 10 families.

Until 1797 Oppenheim remained in the hands of the Electorate of the Palatinate. After the French Revolution , French troops conquered the areas on the left bank of the Rhine in the Electoral Palatinate and Oppenheim in the First Coalition War under Napoleon . From 1798 to 1814 Oppenheim and the areas on the left bank of the Rhine were incorporated into the French state . They mostly belonged to the Département du Mont-Tonnerre (French for Donnersberg), newly created by Napoleon . After the end of the Napoleonic period, Oppenheim came to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1816 with a few other cities and areas on the left bank of the Rhine . This area was named Rheinhessen . In 1804 there were 74 Jews in Oppenheim, in 1824 there were 162 and in 1861 184. The number fell slightly in the last quarter of the 19th century. In 1900 there were 129 Jews living in Oppenheim. The religious community, to which the neighboring towns belonged, had 219 members.

The Oppenheim station was put into operation on March 22, 1853, when the first section of the then single-track railway line Mainz – Worms to Oppenheim was opened.

In 1864 the Jewish community built a new synagogue at Rathofstrasse 19; it was inaugurated in August 1864.

20th century to 1945

Immediately after the Nazi regime came to power on January 30, 1933, discrimination against Jews began. They suffered marginalization, loss of friends, boycotts of businesses, job losses, and lawlessness. In 1934 the Jewish cemetery on today's Amselstrasse was desecrated. By November 9, 1938, the day of the nationwide riots against Jewish synagogues and many Jews, 108 Jews had moved away. 25 had died, some before 1933, some later after severe tribulations. Some of those who had left were able to save themselves abroad. With the expansion of Germany after 1939, some of them came back under German control. Most of them were then deported to extermination camps.

Oppenheim in the 40 there still surviving Jews experienced during the night of 9 to 10 November and also during the day on 10 November 1938, the riots in the arranged by the Nazi leadership Kristallnacht . During the night, the Jewish residents in thirteen apartments in Oppenheim were roused from their sleep by foreign SA troops equipped with clubs and iron bars and attacked. Some of the residents were mistreated and most of their apartments were demolished. For the most part, as in almost all cities, the inventory was shortened. Some of the beds were ripped open and the feathers poured onto the street. According to eyewitnesses in the book by Wolfgang Kemp, SA people and SS people also participated in the demolition and, in some cases, looting of the apartments, as well as Oppenheimer "rowdies, unemployed and" residents of Oppenheim who were paid by the NSDAP. All Jewish males were arrested early in the morning. They had to wear the shoes by the laces around their necks and were driven barefoot and severely mistreated across the cattle path to the Rhine. Five of these men were taken to the Gestapo in Darmstadt and then sent to Buchenwald concentration camp for several months . This included the two youngsters Edmund Hirsch and Julius Mannheimer, who had just turned 16. Edmund Hirsch was released around December 23 and returned to Oppenheim. He was beaten to death around December 27th during loading work in Frankfurt, which he had been forced to do. Julius Mannheimer was released a short time later, seriously ill. At the instigation of his parents, he ended up on a transport of young Jews to Great Britain. There he was first interned as an enemy alien and then brought to Australia. He attended university in Sydney. On the way back from Australia his ship was torpedoed by a German ship and Julius Mannheimer went down with the ship.

In the morning, as an eyewitness reported, a truck with three foreign SA men turned into Rathofsstrasse at around 11:30 am and stopped in front of the synagogue. Two men broke into the synagogue with axes. The third fetched two canisters filled with gasoline from a house nearby, which may have been home to a young leader . With this they set fire to the church. A large fire broke out, the fire brigade cordoned off the fire area, but did not take care of the fire in the synagogue. According to the descriptions at Kemp, it only protected the neighboring houses. According to Kemp, it is not known whether an order was given not to extinguish the synagogue. A contemporary witness who was a member of the fire brigade and who had given a fire alarm when he observed the start of the fire was punished by his superiors. The synagogue burned down completely. A short time later, the National Socialists had it torn down. After the beginning of the Second World War , an air raid shelter was built on this site.

According to Wolfgang Kemp's list, 53 Jews from Oppenheim were victims of deportation and violent death. Oppenheim stayed in Hesse until 1945.

End of the Second World War until today

After almost all the Rhine bridges had been blown up by the Germans, US troops under General George S. Patton succeeded in establishing and maintaining a crossing over the Rhine between Oppenheim and Nierstein on March 22, 1945 . They transported numerous troops to the right bank of the Rhine .

Population development

The development of the population of Oppenheim, the data from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses :

year Residents 1815 2,098 1835 3,064 1871 3,085 1905 3,674 1939 4,086 1950 4,991

year Residents 1961 5,462 1970 5,284 1987 5,289 1997 6,398 2005 6,855 2019 7,582

politics

City council

The city ​​council in Oppenheim consists of 22 council members, who were elected in the local elections on May 26, 2019 in a personalized proportional representation, and the honorary city ​​mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the city council:

choice	SPD	CDU	FDP	AL	BLO	WfO	total
2019	4th	4th	2	6th	1	7th	22 seats
2014	12	5	-	5	-	-	22 seats
2009	10	5	1	6th	-	-	22 seats

• AL = alternative list e. V.
• BLO = Citizens' List Oppenheim
• WfO = We for Oppenheim e. V.

mayor

The SPD member of the Bundestag, Marcus Held , had been city mayor since 2004. In the course of the public prosecutor's investigations into breach of trust, fraud, bribery and corruption, he resigned from office on February 28, 2018 with effect from March 5, 2018. On June 3, 2018 Walter Jertz (independent) was elected as the new mayor; he took office on June 21, 2018. In the regular local elections on May 26, 2019, he was confirmed in his office with 88.44% of the votes.

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In gold (yellow) a black eagle."
	Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms was designed by Otto Hupp and comes from a seal from 1238. The imperial eagle commemorates the elevation of the former patch to an imperial city by Emperor Friedrich II .

Town twinning

• Givry (Saône-et-Loire) , France
• Adnet , Austria
• Werder , Germany
• Calpe , Spain
• Sant'Ambrogio , Italy

Wine sponsorship

In Oppenheim, wine advertising received powerful impetus from Mayor Heinz Scheller after he took office in 1935: Only the Reich capital Berlin came into consideration as a wine sponsor city for Oppenheim. The cities of Ansbach and Osnabrück followed. To revive this wine sponsorship and in return for services to the city of Oppenheim, the Governing Mayor of Berlin was Klaus Wowereit on 11 March 2006 by City Mayor Marcus Held for Wine Knights defeated. The wine sponsorship is actively expressed, among other things, through the participation of the city of Oppenheim in the courtyard festivals of the Berlin Senate from 2007 to today, each with a wine stand. At the invitation of the Governing Mayor of Berlin Klaus Wowereit, a citizens' delegation under Mayor Marcus Held took part in the celebrations of the German Embassy in Paris on the Day of German Unity and the anniversary of the city partnership Berlin-Paris.

Culture and sights

Oppenheim ossuary

Town hall of Oppenheim

Market square with town hall

clock tower

Landskron Theater ruins

The Katharinenkirche is worth seeing with its glass paintings , the two shop windows, the Oppenheimer Rose and the Oppenheimer Lily, and the ossuary, which is still occupied today. The Katharinenkirche is the most outstanding Gothic religious building on the Rhine between Cologne and Strasbourg . The other sacred buildings in Oppenheim are also interesting. Likewise, the ruins are Landskron (with the beautiful view of the Rhine valley and the venue of the festival and other cultural events), the old town square, town hall from 1621 (before a column of the hall of the castle Landskron, allegedly from the Imperial Palace Ingelheim comes ) and the former city fortifications ( Gautor , Ruprechtsturm , Rheintorpforte, clock tower , remains of the city wall) as well as the German Wine Museum and the City Museum.

The Oppenheim cellar labyrinth under the old town is unusual . At varying depths, underground passages, stairs and rooms connect the houses and facilities with one another. In the old town center, around the town hall, a total of approx. 650 meters of cellar corridors have largely been preserved historically and developed for tourists. The exact extent of the underground passages is still not finally known, despite extensive investigations, but is at least 40 km. The touristic accessible parts around the town hall make up only 1 to 2 percent of the total volume of historical cellars, but give an impressive impression. The city's tourist and festival office offers tours through this unique cellar labyrinth, as well as church tours, tours in the German Wine Museum, city tours and night watchman tours all year round.

See also: List of cultural monuments in Oppenheim , Oppenheim sacral buildings

theatre

From August to October, the Oppenheim Theater Festival takes place in the city's culture cellar and on the Landskron castle ruins. Since 2009, the festival has been expanded to include youth theater performances by the Oppenheimer Gymnasium and a hit festival. The cultural focus of the theater festival is on Shakespeare performances in the Landskron castle ruins. There are also children's and youth theater performances as well as cabaret and jazz in the culture cellar. The city's cultural commitment is supported by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, numerous sponsors and the Förderverein der Festspiele e. V., which is made up of culturally interested citizens of the city.

Museums

In addition to the Katharinenkirche, the city museum and the underground of the city, a visit to the German Wine Museum is particularly worthwhile. It shows interesting facts about wine and rarities such as the oldest wine press in the region from the ghost mill from Flonheim .

music

In the summer of culture, concerts take place regularly on the historic market square in front of the town hall. Thanks to the committed work of the Bibiella couple in the Katharinenkirche, the new organ has also become a musical attraction, which is regularly played by top-class musicians with an international reputation. The Oppenheim trombone choir is also worth mentioning.

Sports

Several sports clubs are active in Oppenheim, including the TC Rot-Weiß Oppenheim (tennis), the TC Landskrone Oppenheim (tennis), the FSV Oppenheim (football), the TV Oppenheim 1846 with the largest number of members (nationwide successful in gymnastics, swimming, cycling and before especially in basketball) and the Landskrone chess club.

Buildings

Landskron Castle

Land clerk building

The Krämerstrasse on the Oppenheim market square

Land clerk building and casino

In the Middle Ages, the town house "zum Krebs" with the council drinking room stood at the place of the listed stately baroque building on the corner of Wormserstraße / Landschreibergasse with its large covered windows and the mansard roof.

Two decades after the city's destruction in 1689, the Electoral Palatinate Landschreiber Johann Williges Landvogt built the current building from 1709 to 1711 on the ruins of two houses. The double coat of arms on the front side indicates the families of the builder and his wife: on the left Landvogt, on the right Gambs. A corresponding building inscription is now covered by an extension from the 1940s.

From 1740 to 1821 the Löwenapotheke was housed here, which Friedrich Koch moved to Krämerstraße 2. The house name “zur red lily”, whose symbol can be seen above the figure of the saint on the corner, also dates from this time.

In 1888/1889 the casino company acquired the house and converted it for their own purposes. In 1899 the dilapidated barn behind it was torn down and the hall extension was built. The company ran the inn, set up a wine shop and held their meetings and celebrations here. For decades, the "casino" represented the center of social life in Oppenheim.

societies

• Oppenheimer Geschichtsverein e. V.
• Carneval Association 1873 Oppenheim e. V.
• Club of Cooking Men
• DLRG local group Oppenheim e. V.
• Gesangverein Harmonie 1845 Oppenheim e. V.
• Association of businesspeople from Oppenheim
• Schiess-Sport-Verein Oppenheim / Nierstein e. V.
• Aero-Club Oppenheim-Guntersblum am Rhein e. V.
• Canoe Club Oppenheim e. V.
• "Oppenheim moves" Stadtförderverein e. V.
• FSV Oppenheim 1945 e. V.
• AWO Oppenheim
• Friends of the Festival e. V.
• Schachclub Landskrone e. V.
• Friends of the clock tower e. V.

Regular events

Every year the Oppenheim Festival takes place in the Landskron ruins and in the culture cellar under the district court.

Also every year in the old town there is an Easter market in spring and the Katharinenmarkt in late year.

Other regular events are:

• Two weeks before Easter the Oppenheimer Osterkünstlermarkt
• On the second weekend in August, the well-known and popular Oppenheim Wine Festival
• The Middle Ages Spectaculum at the beginning of May
• At the beginning of May Rhine cycling between Oppenheim and Worms-Herrnsheim on the old B 9, now the K 40 and the L 439
• May / June Via Vini - wine tasting mile along Wormser Strasse
• June - Pentecost Sunday - open day of the Aero Club Oppenheim-Guntersblum at the airfield
• On the third Advent the fairytale Christmas market with its medieval focus at the historic town hall, the Katharinenkirche and on the market square

Economy and Infrastructure

Entrance to the city from Dienheim - in the background you can see Landskron Castle and St. Catherine's Church

Oppenheimer Bahnhof before the renovation with RB 44 of the 425 series on the way to Mannheim

The Oppenheim harbor

Public facilities

The administration of the Verbandsgemeinde Nierstein-Oppenheim was in Oppenheim. Since July 1, 2014, the administration of the newly formed Rhein-Selz community has been located in the same building, the Rondo.

The regional office for the environment, water management and trade inspectorate Rhineland-Palatinate, the Mannheim water and shipping office and the vehicle registration office of the Mainz-Bingen district administration have local branches .

education

There are four day-care centers or kindergartens, three municipal kindergartens, including a nature kindergarten and a Catholic kindergarten. In addition to the “Am Gautor” primary school, Oppenheim also has the St. Katharinen grammar school , the integrated comprehensive school in Oppenheim and the Landskron school as a special needs school . The educational offer is supplemented by the vocational school for viticulture and agricultural sciences.

media

Main building of the local editorial office Landskrone of the Allgemeine Zeitung in the Wormser Straße in Oppenheim

The Allgemeine Zeitung appears with local reporting and its own office in Oppenheim. In addition, the Rheinhessisches Wochenblatt is published weekly, also published by the Rhein Main publishing group .

traffic

Oppenheim is located on federal highway 9 , which runs over a large area from the Dutch border near Kleve to the French border near Kandel . Locally, it primarily serves as a link to the nearby cities of Mainz and Worms as well as to the Mainz motorway ring in the north and the motorway 6 in the south.

In addition, Oppenheim is connected to Deutsche Bahn's rail traffic through the Oppenheim train station on the Mainz – Ludwigshafen line. This was renovated between 2009 and 2011 and made barrier-free with a new bridge and two elevators. Since the "small timetable change" on June 10, 2018, trains on the S 6 of the RheinNeckar S-Bahn (previously regional train RB 44) have been running at Oppenheim station from Mainz via Worms to Mannheim. Occasionally, trains on the RE 14 regional express line also stop in Oppenheim between Frankfurt am Main and Mannheim. Furthermore, regional bus routes run by the Rhein-Nahe omnibus traffic from Oppenheim via Nierstein , Dexheim , Dalheim , Weinolsheim , Friesenheim and Köngernheim to Undenheim (line 662) and from Oppenheim via Uelversheim and Eimsheim to Guntersblum (line 663). In school traffic, there is also a trip to Wörrstadt (line 668).

The Rhine Cycle Path and the Rhine Terrace Route are popular excursion and arrival routes.

Oppenheim also has its own small port with a connection to the Rhine.

Oppenheim can also be reached by aircraft . Oppenheim airfield is located in the east of the city, directly on the Rhine . This special airfield ( International Civil Aviation Organization Code: EDGP ) has a grass runway 800 meters long and 30 meters wide and is open to aircraft and helicopters up to 2 tons. The airfield is operated and maintained by the Aero Club Oppenheim-Guntersblum am Rhein e. V., whose members practice aerial sports such as model flying, paragliding, gliding, motor gliders, powered flight, ultralight and hot air balloons.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Johann XX. von Dalberg (1455–1503), Chancellor of the University of Heidelberg, 1482 Chancellor of Elector Philipp von der Pfalz, 1482 Bishop of Worms, made Heidelberg and Worms important centers of humanism.
• Kaspar Sturm (1475–1552), Reichsherold, accompanied Martin Luther in 1521 on his way to the Reichstag in Worms and back.
• Kaspar Agricola (1514 / 1524–1597), lawyer, professor and rector of Heidelberg University
• Michael Philipp Beuther (1564–1616), Reformed theologian and general superintendent of the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken
• Friedrich Adam Widder (1724–1784), mathematician
• Sigismund von Dawans (1744–1822), Baden Minister of Finance
• Johann Paulsackel (1805–1855), champion of democratic freedom rights
• Carl Koch (1833–1910), pharmaceutical manufacturer, winery owner, mayor, member of the 2nd Chamber of the Hessian estates, honorary citizen, patriarch with a social conscience , son of Friedrich Koch
• Paul Wallot (1841–1912), architect, builder of the Reichstag building in Berlin
• Karl Hirsch (1870–1930), internist and university professor
• Johanna Senfter (1879–1961), outstanding composer of the 20th century
• Carl Wilhelm Witterstätter (1883–1964), aviation pioneer
• Jakob Steffan (1888–1957), social democratic politician, imprisoned several times from 1933, organized the civil resistance against National Socialism in South and Rheinhessen, interior and social minister of Rhineland-Palatinate (1946–1950)
• Heinrich Gottron (1890–1974), dermatologist and university professor
• Paul Witterstätter (1892–1966), expressionist (later realistic) painter

People in connection with Oppenheim

• Susanne Völker (* 1974), German Wine Queen 1998/1999

Honorary citizen

• Paul Laufenburg (1888–1958), Catholic pastor in Oppenheim
• Paul Wallot (1841-1912)
• Ernst Delorme (born October 13, 1913; † April 16, 1984) member of the first free city council in 1946, member of the district council, honorary district deputy, mayor of Oppenheim from 1973 to 1982, honorary citizen since 1977.
• Norbert mug
• Horst Gradinger (born April 11, 1935 - † July 18, 2016), entrepreneur who received the Federal Cross of Merit in 1998
• Heinz Kolb (born April 12, 1925; † December 2, 2015), CDU city councilor, head of the volunteer fire department for 30 years, then honorary officer
• Erich Menger, City Mayor, from 1989 to 2004
• Philipp Schwöbel
• Ernst Jungkenn
• August Reichensperger (May 21, 1889) (born March 22, 1808 in Koblenz, † July 16, 1895 in Cologne) was a German lawyer and politician as well as a sponsor of Cologne Cathedral.
• Jakob Steffan (1946) (born December 31, 1888 in Oppenheim, † February 9, 1957 in Mainz) was a German social democratic politician who was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from 1933 onwards. From 1940 he organized the civil anti-Nazi resistance in southern and Rhine Hesse for Wilhelm Leuschner. From 1946 to 1950 he was Minister of the Interior and Social Affairs in Rhineland-Palatinate.

People who have worked here

• King Ruprecht I (* 1352; † 1410), as Ruprecht III. von der Pfalz from 1398 to 1410 Count Palatine and Elector of the Palatinate and from 1400 to 1410 a very hard-working but unsuccessful Roman-German King , spent his last weeks at Landskron Castle near Oppenheim and died there on May 18, 1410.
• Madern Gerthener (* around 1360; † 1430), city architect of the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main, sculptor and one of the most important late Gothic artists on the Middle Rhine, created the west choir of the Katharinenkirche, from 1414
• Wolfgang III. Chamberlain of Worms , called von Dalberg (1426–1476), court marshal of the Electorate of the Palatinate, mayor of Oppenheim, with a magnificent grave monument in the Katharinenkirche
• Johannes Pauli (* 1450/54; † after 1530), Franciscan, poet, pioneer for the comical, pointed short story (Facetie) in Germany of the early Renaissance (1499 preacher in the Oppenheim Franciscan convent).
• Friedrich VI. von Dalberg (1459–1506), knight and mayor of Oppenheim, with a magnificent grave monument in the Katharinenkirche
• Wolfgang VI. von Dalberg (1473–1522), electoral Palatinate official and Burgmann in Oppenheim, with a magnificent epitaph in the Katharinenkirche
• Jakob Köbel (1462–1533), from 1494 active in Oppenheim as town clerk (head of the office), printer, publisher, important (mathematical) writer, member (Sodale) of the humanist association Sodalitas litteraria Rhenana and Hospes of the Oppenheim section.
• Conrad von Hanstein († 1553), imperial officer, buried in Oppenheim, with a magnificent grave monument in the Katharinenkirche
• Anton Praetorius (1560–1613), pastor in Oppenheim (1589–1592), fighter against witch trials and torture.
• Johann Theodor de Bry (1561–1623), worked from 1609 to 1619 as a publisher and engraver in Oppenheim, a well-meaning Calvinist religious refugee. Specialty: The richly illustrated scientific book. 1617 father-in-law of Matthäus Merian.
• Hieronymus Galler , printer from Basel, left Frankfurt with Johann Theodor de Bry in 1609 and ran an efficient printing company in Oppenheim from 1610 to 1620.
• Albert Molnár (1574–1634), reformed theologian and traveling scholar from Hungary, from 1615 to 1619 cantor and rector of the Latin school in Oppenheim
• Johann Ludwig Gottfried (1584–1633), theologian, translator, author, editor and proofreader. As a writer, he worked for the publishing houses de Bry, Merian and Jennis from 1619 to 1624 in Oppenheim and from 1624 to the end of his life in Frankfurt am Main.
• Lucas Jennis (* 1590; † after 1631), printer, publisher, art dealer and engraver
• Matthäus Merian (1593–1650), worked from 1616 to 1619 as a copperplate engraver in Oppenheim.
• Ferdinand Emonds (1754-1813), town clerk (head of the chancellery) and mayor in Oppenheim and prefectural councilor in the Département du Mont-Tonnerre (Donnersberg)
• Franz Christoph Braun (1766–1833), pastor of many years in Oppenheim and former member of the 2nd Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
• Friedrich Koch (1786–1865), pharmacist, inventor of the industrial production of quinine
• Helmut Krethe (* 1955), holder of the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon and the Merit Medal of the State of Lower Saxony as well as former federal and state chairman of the German Good Templar Order
• Marcus Held (* 1977), lawyer, politician and member of the Bundestag, Mayor of Oppenheim from 2004 to 2018
• Katrin Bibiella (* 1964), church musician and author
• Pia Schellhammer (* 1985), politician and member of the Bundestag, grew up in Oppenheim
• Walter Jertz (* 1945), Lieutenant General ret. D., grew up in Oppenheim, holder of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, author, mayor of the city of Oppenheim since 2018

literature

• Contribution to Oppenheim - Jewish history / synagogues on the history portal Alemannia Judaica. [3]
• Karl Johann Brilmayer : Rheinhessen in the past and present, Gießen 1905, pp. 367–377.
• Karl Josef Minst: Lorscher Codex III, Lorsch 1970, 77 documents from 766.
• Heinz Leiwig : Finale 1945 Rhein-Main, Düsseldorf 1985, ISBN 3-7700-0675-5 , pp. 68-78.
• Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . Corrected, supplemented and significantly expanded new edition. Verlag der Rheinhessische Druckwerkstätte, Alzey 2009, ISBN 978-3-87854-221-6 .
• Julian Hanschke : Oppenheim am Rhein in historical views. Prints, paintings, watercolors, hand drawings, photographs 1600 - 1900 . Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8053-3607-9
• Julian Hanschke: Oppenheim am Rhein. Building history, monuments, urban design (materials on building history, 16). Karlsruhe, 2010. ISBN 978-3-941850-22-4 .
• Literature about Oppenheim in the Rhineland-Palatinate State Bibliography
• Joachim Schiff: Oppenheim. Views - recordings - excerpts . Hamm: Kehl Verlag, 2010. - ISBN 978-3-935651-09-7 .

Web links

Commons : Oppenheim  - Collection of Images

Wikivoyage: Oppenheim  - travel guide

Wikisource: Oppenheim in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Wikisource: Oppenheim in the Topographia Palatinatus Rheni (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Internet presence of the city of Oppenheim
• Illustration by Daniel Meisner from 1623: Oppenheim. Ars Nostro Spernitur Ævo ( digitized version )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, municipalities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate - regional data
3. ↑ military station Buconica in Oppenheim. In: Allgemeine Zeitung , November 30, 2008 ( online ( Memento from December 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ))
4. ↑ (Certificate 1560) = Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 3), Certificate 1560, Jul. 20, 765 - Reg. 4. In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 255 , accessed on March 10, 2016 . 
5. ↑ (Certificate 1578) = Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 3), Certificate 1578, Jul. 20, 765 - Reg. 9. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 259 , accessed on March 10, 2016 . 
6. ↑ Stefan Grathoff and a .: On the history of Oppenheim on the Regionalgeschichte.net homepage of the Institute for Historical Regional Studies at the University of Mainz from June 24, 2016.
7. ↑ Daniela Bachi, Daniela Schomisch: Burg Landskron in Oppenheim on the homepage of the Institute Regionalgeschichte.net Regional History of the University of Mainz on 31 October, 2014.
8. ↑ Tobias Jaecker: The foundation of the Rhenish Federation 1254 in Mainz ( Memento of the original from July 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Article on http://www.regionalgeschichte.net/ 
9. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . Corrected, supplemented and significantly expanded new edition. Verlag der Rheinhessische Druckwerkstätte, Alzey 2009, ISBN 978-3-87854-221-6 . Pp. 15-20.
10. ^ Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Pfalz am Rheine , Third Part, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1787, page 26. ( entire text online at Google Books )
11. ^ Article Oppenheim - Jewish history / synagogues on the history portal Alemannia Judaica. [1]
12. ^ Oppenheim am Rhein, 1631 June 6 / passage of King Gustav Adolf II. Sweden (1594–1632) across the Rhine  in the German Digital Library
13. ^ Article Oppenheim - Jewish history / synagogues on the history portal Alemannia Judaica. [2]
14. ^ Oppenheim entry in Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), p. 305ff.
15. ↑ According to Oppenheim's entry in Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), p. 307.
16. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . 2009, p. 227ff.
17. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . 2009, p. 97.
18. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . 2009, p. 73.
19. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . 2009, p. 226ff.
20. ↑ Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), p. 307.
21. ^ Wolfgang Kemp: Documentation Oppenheimer and Niersteiner Jews 1933–1945 . 2009, p. 57
22. ^ City history of Oppenheim
23. ↑ Silent Crossing On March 23, the Treadway Bridge was completed
24. ^ Election results for City Council Oppenheim 2019 , Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz
25. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Municipal elections 2014, city and municipal council elections
26. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2009, city and municipal council elections
27. ↑ SWR Aktuell, SWR Aktuell: charges brought against Marcus Held. Retrieved February 12, 2020 . 
28. ↑ Breaking news: Marcus Held resigns! In: www.der-oppenheim-skandal.de. Thomas Ruhmöller, accessed on February 28, 2018 . 
29. ↑ Thomas Ruhmöller: Walter Jertz is the new mayor of Oppenheim. In: www.der-oppenheim-skandal.de. Thomas Ruhmöller, June 3, 2018, accessed on June 3, 2018 . 
30. ^ Result of City Mayor Oppenheim 2018. In: https://www.vg-rhein-selz.de/ . Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Selz, accessed on June 3, 2018 . 
31. ^ City Mayor: Walter Jertz in office. City of Oppenheim, accessed on June 21, 2018 . 
32. ^ The Regional Returning Officer RLP: direct elections 2019. see Rhein-Selz, Verbandsgemeinde, 15th line of results. Retrieved September 29, 2019 . 
33. ^ Theater festival of the city of Oppenheim
34. ↑ from the chapter "Tradition of the House" on the former website (before 2005) of the Hotel Merian
35. ↑ File: Oppenheim Bartholomäuskirche Marienkapelle Laufenberg.jpg
36. ↑ ^{a b} Lea Deusch: A businessman with a gardening soul: Horst Gradinger is celebrating his 80th birthday. In: Allgemeine Zeitung. VRM, April 11, 2015, accessed June 22, 2018 . 
37. ^ Ulrich Gerecke: Gradinger furniture in Oppenheim: preparations for demolition are in progress. In: Allgemeine Zeitung. VRM, January 14, 2017, accessed June 22, 2018 . 
38. ↑ ^{a b} Kathrin Damwitz: Oppenheim honorary citizen Horst Gradinger died. In: Allgemeine Zeitung. VRM, July 19, 2016, accessed June 22, 2018 .