Erfelden

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Erfelden
City of Riedstadt
Erfelden coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 8 ″  N , 8 ° 28 ′ 5 ″  E
Height : 87 m above sea level NHN
Area : 24.76 km²
Residents : 4489  (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 181 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 64560
Area code : 06158
The old town hall, used as a local museum since 1953
The old town hall, used as a local museum since 1953

Erfelden is a district of Riedstadt in the southern Hessian district of Groß-Gerau .

geography

Erfelden on a map from 1738

In the north, Erfelden borders on Leeheim , in the east on Goddelau (both districts of Riedstadt ), in the south on the municipality of Stockstadt am Rhein ( Groß-Gerau district ) and in the west on the nature reserve Kühkopf , the largest nature reserve in Hesse and a European reserve . Because of the bridge (Martin-Roth-Brücke) over the Stockstadt-Erfelder Altrhein, Erfelden is known as the “gateway to the Kühkopf”.

Near Erfelden which were deserted villages Elmersbach and Popfenheim that disappeared in the Middle Ages and probably Rhine floods fell victim.

Territorial and Constitutional History

middle Ages

In the 11th century, Erfelden belonged to the Lords of Wolfskehlen, later both to the Counts of Katzenelnbogen and to the Lords of Wolfskehlen. In 1441 the Lords of Wolfskehlen sold their share to the Counts of Katzenelnbogen. In the administrative structure of the County of Katzenelnbogen, Erfelden belonged to the Dornberg (Hessen) office . In 1479 the male line of the Grafenhaus von Katzenelnbogen died out. Katzenelnbogen fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse .

Early modern age

When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided under the heirs of Philip the Magnificent in 1567, Erfelden came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt . Even its first regent, Georg I , caused the Landrecht collection of the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , compiled by his Chancellor, Johann Kleinschmidt , to become legally binding there. She was in Erfelden as a particular law , subsidiary complemented by the Common Law , to the end of the 19th century. It was not until January 1, 1900, when the Civil Code , which was uniformly valid throughout the German Reich , that the old particular law was suspended.

Modern times

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Erfelden in 1829:

“Erfelden (L. Bez. Dornberg) Lutheran Filialdorf; is located on the Rhine 1 1 ⁄ 2  St. von Dornberg, and has 81 houses and 673 inhabitants, up to 13 Cath., 2 Reform. and 25 Jews are Lutheran. The Swedish column is nearby. (S. d. Art.) The place was called earlier Erifeld or Erifeldum . He had his own chapel, which was transferred to the pastor in Goddlau after the parish Hofheim was abolished. Not far from Erfelden were the places Elmersbach and Popfenheim. The first place was devoured by the Rhine in the most ancient times, the other in the 15th century. The residents of the latter moved to Erfelden. Ulrich von Bickenbach owned goods here, which he sold in 1317 to the knight Wiegand von Dienheim. The Erbachers also had a bonnet here, with which Henne von Zwingenberg was enfeoffed in 1400. In 1401 Count Diether VI enfeoffed. von Katzenellenbogen bought Johann von Wolfskehlen with this village, and in 1441 the lords of Wolfskehlen sold their two parts of this village to Count Johann III. from Katzenellenbogen. The Swedish King Gustav Adolph came to Erfelden in 1631 when he was crossing the Rhine. In 1689 the village was infected by the French and partly buried. "

Official system before 1821

In the early modern period, the functions of administration and jurisdiction were combined in the " office " at the lowest level , including the Dornberg office, which existed until 1821.

In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen . Here was Erfelden in the province of Starkenburg . In the course of the administrative reform of 1821, the old offices were dissolved, district councils were set up for administrative tasks on the lower level and district courts were set up for the first instance jurisdiction.

Administration after 1821

The Dornberg district administration was now responsible for the higher-level administration in Erfelden . In 1832 the administrative units in the Grand Duchy were further enlarged and districts were created. As a result, Erfelden came to the Groß-Gerau district. The provinces, the counties and the administrative districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by administrative districts, but this was reversed on May 12, 1852. As a result, Erfelden belonged to the Darmstadt administrative district between 1848 and 1852 before the Groß-Gerau district was again responsible for the higher-level administration. The place remained there until today through all further administrative reforms.

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse municipalities Erfelden, Wallerstädten and Gross-Gerau were on 1 January 1977 the new city Gross-Gerau together . Local districts were not formed.

Judicial reforms

In the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt, the judicial system of the two higher authorities was reorganized with an executive order of December 9, 1803. The offices remained the first instance of justice in civil matters . For the Principality of Starkenburg , the “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for civil matters. In the first instance it was also responsible for civil family law and criminal matters . The higher appeal court in Darmstadt was superordinate to it .

With the administrative reform of 1821, courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse were also created at the lowest level, which were independent of the administration. The district court Großgerau was now locally responsible for Erfelden . With the reform of the Reich judiciary , which took effect on October 1, 1879, it was renamed " Groß-Gerau District Court ".

Administrative overview

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Erfelden was located or the administrative units to which it was subject:

Event history

middle Ages

The oldest surviving written reference to Erfelden dates from 779 AD and is in the Lorsch Codex . The occasion was the donation of a Rutfrid and his wife Ruotbirn over their entire property in "Erifeldun" to the Lorsch Abbey .

Overview of the historical place names
778/79 Herifield 927-956 Erifeldon 1313 Ernelden
779 Erifeldon & Erifeldun 1002 Herifeldon 1314 Erbenelden
782 Erifelt 1184 Erefeldon Villa 1330 Erefelden
791 Erifeld 1252 Urfelt 1358 Ervelden
801 Erifelt 1255 Erinuelden 1493 Erfelden
1563 Ehrfelden 1601 Eruellen today Erfelden

In colloquial terms, Erfelden is also known as "Erwelle".

In 782 a villa Bousinesheim , the Bensheimer Hof , also owned by the Lorsch Monastery, was mentioned in a document , and in 865 a " villa Camba " was the Kammerhof. The German King Konrad II was elected here in 1024 .

In 1252 the "Hohle Galgen" or the "Erfelder Cent" are mentioned for the first time as a place of justice and execution.

In 1408 the village of Erfelden had 28 taxpayers.

On May 14, 1433, an agreement was made with the Count of Katzenelnbogen about the expansion of a land dike. In addition to Erfelden and Poppenheim , other villages and farms are also included.

In 1461 Erfelden became the main center and court seat.

Early modern age

Erfelden, the Swedish column and Rhine loops on a map from 1762

1553 Erfelden is Lutheran . The Reformation was initiated under Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous nine years earlier.

In 1578 Landgrave Georg I (the Pious) issued a new dam regulation for the construction, improvement and maintenance of protective works against floods. In 1595 the dam broke again during floods.

In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Spanish troops led by Ambrosio Spinola moved into Oppenheim on September 14, 1620 . Although Ernst von Mansfelds invaded the region in 1622 and caused great damage in the Ried, he was unable to break the Spanish occupation. In 1631 the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden occupied the Rieddörfer, crossed the Rhine on December 8, 1631 in the Hahnensand (alluvial forest) and defeated the Spanish cavalry approaching from Oppenheim. The Swedish column commemorates the event. King Gustav Adolf stayed twice in the mayor's house while his troops crossed the Rhine here .

In the second half of the 17th and all of the 18th century, the inhabitants suffered from wars and troop movements several times. In 1744 there was a battle between French and Imperial troops near Erfelden, during which the hussar general Johann Daniel von Menzel was killed.

Constant danger threatened by the Rhine overflowing its banks. Already in the spring of 1741 after devastating floods, the Hessen-Darmstadt engineer Karge suggested straightening the Rhine on the then island of Geyer with a puncture. The danger of flooding was not mastered until 1828/1829, however, when the straightening under the direction of Claus Kröncke . In 1797 the Erfeld gauge was built. The daily records date back to July 1, 1797. This "original level" is the oldest between Mannheim and Bingen and served as a model for other levels.

In 1754 the Erfeld church was extended and renewed with a sacristy .

From 1772–80 the farmers of Erfeld and the surrounding area resisted the “Princely Land Commission”, which wanted to introduce stable feeding.

Modern times

Protestant church

On March 31, 1828, work began on the Rhine breakthrough on the "Geyer" under the direction of Claus Kröncke, and on February 28, 1829, the Neurhein near Erfelden was opened.

On October 26th, 1834 the new church of Erfelden was inaugurated , there in 1839 the renovated choir organ from 1705/6 from the Amorbach Abbey .

From around 1850, many people began to emigrate to North America. Part of the crossing was financed by the community to get rid of the poor.

At the turn of the year 1882/83, the "New Year's Hole", which is now used as a bathing area, was created by a dam breach that flooded the hinterland.

After the First World War , Erfelden belonged to the French-occupied area from 1918 to 1933.

It was only after the Second World War that Erfelden lost its rural character and developed into a village primarily inhabited by commuters to the Rhine-Main area.

Population development

• 1629: 53 house seats
• 1791: 484 inhabitants
• 1800: 471 inhabitants
• 1806: 544 inhabitants, 76 houses
• 1829: 673 inhabitants, 81 houses
• 1867: 843 inhabitants, 123 houses
Erfelden: Population from 1791 to 2018
year     Residents
1791
  
 484
1800
  
 471
1806
  
 544
1829
  
 673
1834
  
 707
1840
  
 717
1846
  
 854
1852
  
 943
1858
  
 1,028
1864
  
 845
1871
  
 863
1875
  
 833
1885
  
 833
1895
  
 931
1905
  
 1,087
1910
  
 1,165
1925
  
 1,235
1939
  
 1,295
1946
  
 1,833
1950
  
 1.933
1956
  
 1.997
1961
  
 2.172
1967
  
 2,383
1970
  
 2,409
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2001
  
 3,748
2011
  
 3,861
2015
  
 4,199
2018
  
 4,489
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970: City of Riedstadt: (web archive); 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 633 Lutheran (= 94.06%), 2 Reformed (= 0.30%), 25 Jewish (= 3.71%) and 13 Catholic (= 1.93%) residents
• 1961: 1605 Protestant (= 73.90%), 536 Roman Catholic (= 24.68%) inhabitants

Mayor and mayor

Surname Term of office annotation
Seultetus cunradus Hirzenbudel circa 1255
Seultetus James circa 1314
Heyl Rode circa 1394
Bechtolf of Erfelden 1413-1436
Hensen Henn circa 1447
Arnold Bechtolf 1489-1509
Dreutel Kunz (Dreudeln Cüntz) 1509-1523
Kunzemann (Cuntzmann) 1526-1529
Contz Manns Velten circa 1535
Hans Dreudell 1545-1546
Dithrich Weytlingk 1549-1553
Hans Gundelsbach circa 1563
Kilian Schmid (Chilian Schmidt) 1578-1600
Kilian Schmidt the Younger 1609-1617
Michel Schmidt 1617-1629
Hanns Kiech 1639-1642
Vältin Rauch circa 1656
Little Hammann circa 1682
Johann Staden Hilderich 1693
Christian Möller 1695-1713
Peter Nold 1713-1728
Johannes Muller 1728-1756
Johann Wendel Müller 1756-1767
Hermann Dieter Pflüger 1767-1777
Johannes Heinrich Rupp 1777-1795
Johannes Schaad 1795-1801
Philipp Jakob Schaad 1801-1821
Philipp Reinhardt 1821-1825
Johann Jakob Nold 1825-1848
Martin Muller 1848-1856
Stadian Jakob Nold 1856-1865
Johannes Schäfer II. 1866-1898
Peter Schrimpf 1898-1925
Philipp Schäfer II. 1925-1934
Johann Ludwig Nold 1934-1945
Ludwig Sahler March 23, 1945–11. April 1945 temporarily used by the American
occupation forces
Peter Müller April 12, 1945–31. July 1945
Christoph Eberling August 1, 1945–11. February 1946
Philipp Graulich February 12, 1946-1948
Heinrich Reichard 1948-1960
Martin Roth 1960-1976 last acting mayor of Erfeld

traffic

The closest train station to Erfelden is Riedstadt-Goddelau on the Mannheim – Frankfurt am Main railway line (“Riedbahn”). It is served hourly by regional trains and is the terminus of line S7 of the Rhein-Main S-Bahn . The station is about 500 m east of the outskirts of Erfelden and in the middle between the two Riedstadt districts Erfelden and Goddelau . Until 1977 it was called "Goddelau-Erfelden".

Worth knowing

There are several inns and pubs in Erfelden, the main operation in these is in spring (by the local as well as foreign Kühkopf visitors) and during the parish fair / notch time in autumn, also called "Erweller Curb". Erfelden is visited by many hikers and cyclists (Kühkopf nature reserve) and water sports enthusiasts (Altrhein). There are several boathouses (rowing and paddling), two yacht clubs and another marina.

On May 27, 2018, Richthofenplatz in Erfelden was again, as in 2014, the destination of the bicycle route of the biennial “ The Circle Rolls ” campaign.

literature

  • Karl Friedrich Wiebeking and Karl Kröncke (eds.): General theoretical-practical hydraulic engineering based on history and experience , 1st volume. Darmstadt 1798.
  • Peter Haas: 200 years of water level monitoring on the Rhine . Martin Eckold, 2009.
  • Literature about Erfelden in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Community board of the community Riedstadt (Hrsg.): Erfelden: history and stories . Concept and editing: Horst Danker. Riedstadt 1980.
  • Heinrich Tischner: From the history of Erfelden . 1970.

Web links

Commons : Erfelden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ In the course of the regional reform in 1938 , the three Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were dissolved.
  2. ↑ on January 1, 1977: incorporation into the new municipality of Riedstadt
  3. ↑ The Erfeld local history museum in the old town hall preserves a number of testimonies from the time that remind of troop raids and looting
  4. ↑ 1666–68: Lorraine troops invade the Palatinate and advance to Erfelden. 1671/72: Erfelden is devastated by imperial and Kurbrandenburg troops (community council / Tischner). In 1689 the village was infected by the French military in the Palatinate War of Succession and partially destroyed (Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . Volume 1. Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1829, p. 67). 1688–1697: Louis XIV's “predatory wars”. 1707: In the War of the Spanish Succession , the Erfeld people flee their village again. 1733–36: billeting and requisitions during the War of the Polish Succession . 1742–48: Billing and requisitions again, this time because of the War of the Austrian Succession . 1756–63 Erfelden experienced several troop passes during the Seven Years' War . 1792–1815: During the Napoleonic campaigns , foreign troops repeatedly fought on the banks of the Rhine near Erfelden (community council / Tischner).
  5. ^ Gernsheim and Lampertheim (both 1803), Ginsheim (1808), Oppenheim and Mainz (1818), Worms (1819) and Bingen (1829).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Erfelden, district of Groß-Gerau. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 28, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b data / statistics. In: website. City of Riedstadt, accessed on May 8, 2019 .
  3. ^ A b c d e Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 67 ( online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 108f. and enclosed card.
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the district of Groß-Gerau (GVBl. II 314–32 §3) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 314 ff . ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  7. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Darmstadt 1866, p. 43 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  11. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 2), Certificate 198 - Reg. 1538 and Certificate 205 - Reg. 1539, June 30, 779 ,. In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, pp. 25 and 30 , accessed on April 22, 2016 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m community council / Tischner.
  13. ^ Information on the Riedstadt website.
  14. ^ Museums in Riedstadt. Heimatmuseum Erfelden In: riedstadt.de, accessed in December 2018.
  15. ↑ 1817 - Visionary flood control. Hessian State Archives , accessed on October 25, 2019 .
  16. ↑ How the Kühkopf became an island - The expansion of the Rhine. Hessian State Archives , accessed on October 25, 2019 .
  17. ↑ "ev. Kirchengem. Erfelden" website
  18. ↑ The Kühkopf-Knoblochsaue nature reserve.
  19. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  121 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  20. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  121 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  21. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 24 ( online at google books ).
  22. ↑ Data / Statistics. (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Riedstadt, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
  23. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  24. ↑ The circle rolls: Riedstadt clubs offer games, fun and information along the route in Leeheim and Erfelden. In: www.echo-online.de. VRM , May 25, 2018, accessed December 4, 2018 .