Wolf throats
Wolf throats
City of Riedstadt
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Coordinates: 49 ° 51 ′ 11 ″ N , 8 ° 30 ′ 2 ″ E | |
Height : | 89 m above sea level NHN |
Area : | 12.8 km² |
Residents : | 4126 (December 31, 2018) |
Population density : | 322 inhabitants / km² |
Incorporation : | 1st January 1973 |
Incorporated into: | Goddelau wolf throats |
Postal code : | 64560 |
Area code : | 06158 |
Protestant church
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Wolfskehlen is the northernmost district of Riedstadt in the Groß-Gerau district in southern Hesse .
geography
The Groß-Gerau district of Dornheim adjoins the Wolfskehlener district to the north , the city of Griesheim in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district to the east, the Riedstadt district of Goddelau to the south and Leeheim , also a district of Riedstadt, to the west .
history
middle Ages
In 1002 Wolfskehlen is mentioned in a document with which King Heinrich II granted Bishop Burchard von Worms the rights to the Forehahi Forest . In the following centuries, the place name was reproduced in the following spellings, among others: Wolveskele (1252), Woluiskelen (1312), Wolffkel (1344), Wlffßkellen (1458), Wolskeel (1579) and Wolffskehln (1613).
Two castles were built in the area of the village in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Alt-Wolfskehlen Castle was built by the founder of the Ger (h) ardus von Wolfskehlen family and existed until the middle of the 16th century. The castle New Wolfskehlen built three of his younger sons as Ganerbenburg . It was sold to the Archbishop of Mainz in 1252 and destroyed in 1301.
Barbara von Wolfskehlen (1501–1545) (probably the daughter of Hans von Wolfskehlen, last of his line) whose mother came from the family of the Barons of Gemmingen , married Eberhard von Gemmingen zu Bürg in 1518 , which brought the von Gemmingen family into possession of the patronage right of the church in Wolfskehken and introduced the Reformation there.
The rights of the Wolfskehlen family, as well as other rights that the Lords of Kronberg had here, were bought up by the Counts of Katzenelnbogen in the course of the 14th and 15th centuries and assigned to their office in Dornberg . 1457 married Anna von Katzenelnbogen, daughter of Philip the Elder, Landgrave Heinrich III. of Hessen. With the death of Philip in 1479, the County of Katzenelnbogen - and with it Wolfskehlen - fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse .
Early modern age
When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided under the heirs of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse in 1567, Wolfskehlen came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt .
Its first regent, Landgrave Georg I , acquired his remaining rights in Wolfskehlen in 1579 in an exchange deal with Kurmainz . Georg I also arranged for the Landrecht collection of the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , compiled by his Chancellor, Johann Kleinschmidt , to become legally binding there. She was in Wolfskehlen as a particular law , subsidiary complemented by the Common Law , to the end of the 19th century. It was not until January 1, 1900, when the Civil Code , which was uniformly valid throughout the German Reich , that the old particular law was suspended.
As a result of the Thirty Years' War and the plague , almost all of the inhabitants of Wolfskehlen died. Reconstruction only began in the 18th century.
Modern times
The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Wolfskehlen in 1829:
"Wolfskehlen (L. Bez. Dornberg) Lutheran parish village; is 1 1 / 4 hrs from Dornberg between the Rhine and the state stream and consists of 126 homes with 833 inh., except the 2 Kath. 1 and reform., 5 Mennoniten and 34 Jews Lutheran. There is a beautiful church, a very well-equipped industrial school, an important warehouse of shelves of all kinds and peat graves, in which good peat has been cut since 1823. Not uninteresting in the Hainfeld is a hill called the Herrnhölzerberg, which is separated from the so-called forecourt by a ruined ditch. On this hill, which is believed to be Roman (Roman coins have already been found in this field), an annual memorial was previously kept. - The village, as well as the parish set, belonged to Herr von Wolfskehlen, whose castle stood on what is now still called the court. The Cent Erfelden (usually called to the Holengalgen), owned the lords of Wolfskehlen as a fiefdom of the cat's elbow. This family, which in 1368 and 1441 gradually sold their cent jurisdiction and other goods to the Counts of Katzenellenbogen, finally lost themselves completely from the area. The goods and slopes granted by the Cronberg family here were bought by Count Philipp von Katzenellenbogen in 1447, just as Landgrave Georg I exchanged the Mainz rights here and in Stockstadt for his own in Astheim and Dudenhofen in 1579. Before the Reformation, Wolfskehlen had 3 altars, of which only 2 were fortified. In the 30 Years War in 1644 the village was completely burned down. "
In 1869 Wolfskehlen received the first rail connection when the Riedbahn from Darmstadt via Goddelau to Worms was opened. In 1879 Wolfskehlen received a second rail connection when the section from Goddelau to Frankfurt-Goldstein on the Mannheim-Frankfurt am Main railway went into operation. From then on, the structure of the village, which was until then purely agricultural, changed. After the Second World War , the place took in approx. 800 displaced persons and refugees .
Courts and Administration
Official system before 1821
In the Middle Ages and early modern times , the functions of administration and jurisdiction were combined in the " Office " at the lowest level , as was the case in the Dornberg Office, which existed until 1821 and belonged to Wolf's throats.
In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen . Wolfskehlen was here in the Starkenburg province . In the course of the administrative reform of 1821, the old offices were dissolved, district councils were created for administrative tasks on the lower level and district courts were created for the first instance jurisdiction.
Administration after 1821
The Dornberg district administration was now responsible for the higher-level administration in Wolfskehlen . In 1832 the administrative units in the Grand Duchy were further enlarged and districts were created. As a result, Wolfskehlen came to the Groß-Gerau district. The provinces, the counties and the administrative districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by administrative districts, but this was reversed on May 12, 1852. As a result, Wolfskehlen belonged to the Darmstadt administrative district between 1848 and 1852 before the Groß-Gerau district was again responsible for the higher-level administration. The place remained there until today through all further administrative reforms.
In the regional reform in Hesse , Wolfskehlen voluntarily merged with the neighboring community of Goddelau on July 1, 1973 to form the new Goddelau-Wolfskehlen community, before the law merged with the neighboring communities of Crumstadt , Erfelden and Leeheim to form the new community of Riedstadt on January 1, 1977 .
Judicial reforms
In the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt, the judicial system of the two higher authorities was reorganized with an executive order of December 9, 1803. The offices remained the first instance of justice in civil matters . For the Principality of Starkenburg , the “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for civil matters. In the first instance it was also responsible for civil family law and criminal matters . The higher appeal court in Darmstadt was superordinate to it .
With the administrative reform of 1821, courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse were also created at the lowest level, which were independent of the administration. The district court Großgerau was now responsible for Wolfskehlen . With the reform of the Reich judiciary , which took effect on October 1, 1879, it was renamed the “ Groß-Gerau District Court ”.
Overview: Territorial Affiliation
The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Wolfskehlen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:
- before 1479: Holy Roman Empire , rule Wolfskehlen . Later:
Holy Roman Empire, County of Katzenelnbogen , Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , Amt Dornberg - from 1479: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate of Hesse , Upper County of Katzenelnbogen, Office of Dornberg
- from 1567: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , Upper County of Katzenelnbogen, Dornberg Office ( Centgericht until 1579 at Kurmainz )
- from 1803: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt, Principality of Starkenburg , Dornberg Office
- from 1806: Grand Duchy of Hesse , Principality of Starkenburg, Dornberg Office
- from 1815: German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg , Dornberg Office
- from 1821: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Dornberg District District (separation between justice ( Groß-Gerau District Court ) and administration)
- from 1832: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Groß-Gerau
- from 1848: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Darmstadt administrative district
- from 1852: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Groß-Gerau
- from 1866: Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1871: German Empire , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1918: German Empire, People's State of Hesse , Starkenburg Province, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1938: German Empire, People's State of Hesse, Groß-Gerau district
- from 1945: American occupation zone , Greater Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Gross-Gerau district
- from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Darmstadt district, Groß-Gerau district
- 1973: Federal Republic of Germany, Hesse, Darmstadt district, Groß-Gerau district; Community Goddelau-Wolfskehlen
- 1977: Federal Republic of Germany, Hesse, Darmstadt district, Groß-Gerau district; Community Riedstadt
Population development
• 1629: | 136 house seats |
• 1791: | 528 inhabitants |
• 1800: | 677 inhabitants |
• 1806: | 700 inhabitants, 112 houses |
• 1829: | 833 inhabitants, 126 houses |
• 1867: | 1014 inhabitants, 149 houses |
Wolfskehlen: Population from 1791 to 2018 | ||||
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year | Residents | |||
1791 | 528 | |||
1800 | 677 | |||
1806 | 700 | |||
1829 | 833 | |||
1834 | 840 | |||
1840 | 939 | |||
1846 | 1,065 | |||
1852 | 1,176 | |||
1858 | 1,062 | |||
1864 | 1,051 | |||
1871 | 1,030 | |||
1875 | 1,099 | |||
1885 | 1,068 | |||
1895 | 1,054 | |||
1905 | 1,139 | |||
1910 | 1,223 | |||
1925 | 1,251 | |||
1939 | 1,353 | |||
1946 | 1,899 | |||
1950 | 2,046 | |||
1956 | 2.112 | |||
1961 | 2.145 | |||
1967 | 2,544 | |||
1970 | 2,574 | |||
1980 | ? | |||
1990 | ? | |||
2001 | 4,293 | |||
2011 | 4,035 | |||
2015 | 4.112 | |||
2018 | 4.126 | |||
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Further sources:; after 1970: City of Riedstadt: (web archive); 2011 census |
Religious affiliation
• 1829: | 794 Lutheran (= 95.32%), one Reformed (= 0.12%), 5 Mennonite (= 0.60%), 34 Jewish (= 4.08%) and 2 Catholic (= 0.24%) residents |
• 1961: | 1675 Protestant (= 78.09%), 450 (= 20.98%) Roman Catholic inhabitants |
Culture and sights
- In 2016 Wolfskehlen took part in the " The circle rolls " campaign , which takes place every two years . Many associations and institutions took part with stands and exhibitions.
traffic
The Riedstadt-Wolfskehlen stop is on the Mannheim – Frankfurt am Main railway line (“Riedbahn”) and is served by the S7 line of the Rhein-Main S-Bahn . The breakpoint used to be a train station . On August 1, 1926, freight traffic was stopped there.
Wolfskehlen is located on Bundesstraße 44 Mannheim-Frankfurt and on Bundesstraße 26 , which leads from Aschaffenburg via Darmstadt through Griesheim to Oppenheim .
Natural monuments
With the two objects no. 048 oak on the church square and 065 linden "at the old station" Wolfskehlen has two registered natural monuments .
Personalities
- Born in Wolfskehlen
- Paul Dehlinger (1896–1965), politician (CDU)
- Willi Blodt (* 1929), politician (SPD)
- Guenther Roth (1931–2019), German-American sociologist
- Ruth Wagner (* 1940), politician (FDP)
Web links
- Wolfskehlen district. In: Website of the city of Riedstadt.
- Wolfskehlen, Groß-Gerau district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on wolf throats in the Hessian Bibliography
Remarks
- ↑ In the course of the regional reform in 1938 , the three Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were dissolved.
- ^ On July 1, 1973: Merger with Goddelau to form the new community of Goddelau-Wolfskehlen .
- ^ On January 1, 1977: incorporation into the new municipality of Riedstadt.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Wolfskehlen, Groß-Gerau district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 2, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ a b data / statistics. In: website. City of Riedstadt, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
- ↑ New Wolfskehlen Castle, Groß-Gerau district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 22, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Year of the wedding 1518 according to WvHueck: lineage of the family of barons von Gemmingen (1966) and A. u. H. Schüßler: Treschklingen - From the knightly Kraichgaudorf to the district of Bad Rappenau (2004), therein biography p. 44: "Eberhard von Gemmingen zu Bürg"
- ↑ a b Wolfskehlen district. In: website. City of Riedstadt, accessed March 2020 .
- ^ A b c d e Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 265 f . ( Online at google books ).
- ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 108f. and enclosed card.
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the district of Groß-Gerau (GVBl. II 314–32) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 314 , § 7 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 366 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB 013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
- ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
- ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p. 121 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
- ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p. 121 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
- ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 96 ( online at google books ).
- ↑ Data / Statistics. In: website. City of Riedstadt, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
- ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. In: 2011 census . Hessian State Statistical Office
- ↑ It went car-free "Quer through Ried" - The third edition of "Der Kreis rolls" was a complete success . District Committee of the Groß-Gerau District , May 29, 2016, accessed on September 16, 2019 .
- ↑ District administrator and sports district present car-free Sunday - roll across the Ried . FNP , April 16, 2016, accessed December 4, 2018 .
- ^ Reichsbahndirektion in Mainz (ed.): Official Gazette of the Reichsbahndirektion in Mainz of July 17, 1926, No. 32. Announcement No. 550, p. 290.