Crumstadt

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Crumstadt
City of Riedstadt
Crumstadt coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 48 ′ 34 "  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 53"  E
Height : 90 m above sea level NHN
Area : 12.65 km²
Residents : 4278  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 338 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 64560
Area code : 06158

Crumstadt is the southernmost district of Riedstadt in the Groß-Gerau district in southern Hesse . Colloquially, Crumstadt is also known as "Crumscht".

Neighboring communities

The district of Crumstadt borders on the Riedstadt district of Goddelau to the north, on the east on Eschollbrücken and Eich (both districts of Pfungstadt , Darmstadt-Dieburg district ), and on the west on the communities of Stockstadt am Rhein and Gernsheim , both in the Groß-Gerau district .

geography

Geographical location

Crumstadt is open to the east, up to the Sandbach and Lohr Rain-ditch silted meander in the Hessian Ried , which the Neckar trained 2,000 years ago when he was still in Trebur flowed into the Rhine.

Fossil finds

In August 1984, the remains of a large mammal from the Ice Age were discovered while mining gravel in a pit near Crumstadt. The first find it was a lower jaw. Other parts of a skeleton were later recovered. On the basis of the teeth it was possible to determine that it was the skeleton of the young animal of a rare interglacial forest elephant . The find is exhibited in the Hessian State Museum in Darmstadt .

history

middle Ages

The oldest surviving mention of Crumstadt comes from 1248, when it was pledged to Count Dieter V. von Katzenelnbogen . However, it can be assumed that Crumstadt, like many of the surrounding villages, is a Franconian settlement. In the historical documents, Crumstadt is referred to by the following place names after the mention of 1248 : Krumstad (1394), Crumpfstat (1414), Krompstaidt (1471), Croymbstat (1509) and Crumstatt (1778).

Crumstadt was an imperial fiefdom that initially belonged to the Landschad von Steinach , who released the pledge of 1248 again. In 1465 Count Philipp I von Katzenelnbogen bought the village with all its accessories from Hans Landschad von Steinach for 800 florins . This redemption did not take place. 1473 confirmed Emperor Friedrich III. the sale.

The following are named as landowners in Crumstadt: The Lords of Wolfskehlen , Kurmainz , Kurpfalz , St. Viktor Abbey in Mainz and the Cathedral Abbey in Mainz .

With the extinction of the lineage of the Counts von Katzenelnbogen in the male tribe, the Landgrave of Hesse inherited Crumstadt in 1479.

Early modern age

When the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided under the heirs of Philip the Magnanimous in 1567, Crumstadt came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt . Even its first regent, Georg I , caused the Landrecht collection of the Upper County of Katzenelnbogen , compiled by his Chancellor, Johann Kleinschmidt , to become legally binding there. She was in Crumstadt as a particular law , subsidiary supplemented by the Common Law , to the end of the 19th century. It was not until January 1, 1900, when the Civil Code , which was uniformly valid throughout the German Reich , that the old particular law was suspended.

Modern times

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Crumstadt in 1829:

"Crumstadt (L. Bez. Dornberg) Lutheran parish; Located between the Rhine and the Landbach 2 1 ⁄ 2  St. von Dornberg, has 139 houses and 1056 inhabitants, all of whom are Lutheran except for 3 Cath. and 46 Jews. You will find a beautiful church, a synagogue and nearby the large Wasserbiblos courtyard. - An imperial village that King Wilhelm and others pledged to Count Diether von Katzenellenbogen, and which pledge was posted in 1260 at 50 marks of annual income. This pledge came back, however, and in 1465 Count Philipp von Katzenellenbogen bought this village, which had meanwhile been thrown out, with all its accessories from Hans Landschaden von Steinach for 800 fl . This redemption did not take place, however, and in 1473 Emperor Friedrich III confirmed. the sale of this imperial loanable place. But after Philip's death in 1486 the emperor enfeoffed his chamberlain, Friedrich von Niedernthor, with Crumstadt; but Emperor Maximilian gave this fiefdom to Landgrave Wilhelm in 1493, and Friedrich von Niedernthor renounced his rights for 300 florins. There was a chapel in the village until a larger church was built in 1592, when the Wasserbiblos court was parish off at the same time. It is not unlikely that there were once villages with this name in the districts of Buchthum and Hallert. "

Until 1945, Crumstadt largely retained its rural character. Only then did the place experience a great boom through the influx of refugees and displaced persons and later through labor migrants to the economically flourishing Rhine-Main area.

Constitution

Official system before 1821

In the early modern period, the functions of administration and jurisdiction were combined in the " office " at the lowest level . Crumstadt belonged to the Dornberg office from the transition to Katzenelnbogen until 1821 .

In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became the Grand Duchy of Hessen . Here was the Dornberg office - and thus Crumstadt - in the Starkenburg province . In the course of the administrative reform of 1821, the old offices were dissolved, district councils were set up for administrative tasks and regional courts were set up for jurisdiction.

Administration after 1821

The Dornberg District District was responsible for the higher-level administration in Crumstadt . In 1832 the administrative units in the Grand Duchy were further enlarged and districts were created. This brought Crumstadt to the Groß-Gerau district. The provinces, the counties and the administrative districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by administrative districts, but this was reversed on May 12, 1852. As a result, Crumstadt belonged to the Darmstadt administrative district between 1848 and 1852 before the Groß-Gerau district was again responsible for the higher-level administration. The place remained there until today through all further administrative reforms.

In the course of administrative reform in Hesse Crumstadt was on 1 January 1977. virtue of state law with the neighboring communities Goddelau-Wolfskehlen , Erfelden and Leeheim to the municipality Riedstadt together .

Judicial reforms

In the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt, the judicial system of the two higher authorities was reorganized with an executive order of December 9, 1803. The offices initially remained the first instance jurisdiction in civil matters . For the Principality of Starkenburg , the “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for civil matters. It was also responsible for civil family law cases and criminal cases in the first instance. The higher appeal court in Darmstadt was superordinate to it .

With the administrative reform of 1821, courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse were also created at the lowest level, which were independent of the administration. The district court Großgerau was now locally responsible for Crumstadt , from 1839 the district court Gernsheim was responsible. The Gernsheim district court was renamed the Gernsheim district court with the reform of the Reich judiciary and effective October 1, 1879 . It was disbanded in 1934. Since then, the district court of Groß-Gerau has been responsible for Crumstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following overview shows the territorial affiliation of Crumstadt and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1629: 121 house seats
• 1791: 852 inhabitants
• 1800: 876 inhabitants
• 1806: 910 inhabitants, 131 houses
• 1829: 1056 inhabitants, 139 houses
• 1867: 1409 inhabitants, 189 houses
Crumstadt: Population from 1791 to 2018
year     Residents
1791
  
 852
1800
  
 876
1806
  
 910
1829
  
 1,056
1834
  
 1,149
1840
  
 1,289
1846
  
 1,355
1852
  
 1,342
1858
  
 1,368
1864
  
 1,393
1871
  
 1,363
1875
  
 1,347
1885
  
 1,320
1895
  
 1,358
1905
  
 1,417
1910
  
 1,419
1925
  
 1,482
1939
  
 1,455
1946
  
 2,178
1950
  
 2,299
1956
  
 2,185
1961
  
 2,259
1967
  
 2,625
1970
  
 2,678
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2001
  
 2,817
2011
  
 3,648
2015
  
 4,160
2018
  
 4,278
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970: City of Riedstadt: (web archive); 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 1007 Lutheran (= 95.36%), 46 Jewish (= 4.36%) and 3 Catholic (= 0.28%) residents
• 1961: 1734 Protestant (= 76.76%), 488 Roman Catholic (= 21.60%) inhabitants

Culture

Protestant church

The Protestant church in Crumstadt was commissioned by Landgrave Georg I as a Protestant church building and after its completion in 1593 it is one of the oldest Protestant churches.

In addition to two kindergartens and a primary school (new building in 2011) with a sports hall, there is an outdoor pool.

There are 3 important pubs in Crumstadt, in which two different groups of Kerweborsch are active at the time of the Kerwe .

The Crumstadt volunteer fire brigade provides fire protection and general help in this area.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Otto Köth (1904–1981), Hessian politician (CDU) and former member of the Hessian state parliament
  • Wolfgang Holzhäuser (* 1950), former management spokesman for Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH.

Web links

Commons : Crumstadt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Crumstadt, district of Groß-Gerau. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b data / statistics. (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Riedstadt, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
  3. ^ A b c d Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 34 ( online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 108f. and enclosed card.
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the district of Groß-Gerau (GVBl. II 314–32) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 314 , § 7 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 366 .
  8. ^ Ordinance on the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 . In: Hessisches Regierungsblatt, p. 404.
  9. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  10. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Darmstadt 1866, p. 43 ff . ( online at Google Books ).
  11. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  12. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  120 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  120 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 20 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ Data / Statistics. (No longer available online.) In: Website. City of Riedstadt, archived from the original ; accessed in April 2019 .
  16. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  17. ↑ Ev. Parish Crumstadt: Crumstädter Church