Johann XX. from Dalberg

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Donor disc with Johann von Dalberg and combined Dalberger-Worms coat of arms, around 1480
Depiction of Wurzel-Jesse from the cloister of Worms Cathedral. Bottom left: Donor figure of Bishop Johann von Dalberg
Detail from the Wurzel-Jesse depiction (excerpt): Bishop Johann von Dalberg is supported by Peter , to whom the cathedral is consecrated.
Johann von Dalberg's bishop's staff, in the Speyer Cathedral Treasury (Palatinate History Museum)

Johann XX. von Dalberg (born August 14, 1455 in Oppenheim , † July 27, 1503 in Heidelberg ) was called Johann III. Bishop of Worms and from 1480 to 1482 Chancellor of Heidelberg University . He was a prominent patron of early German humanism , himself highly educated and devoted to the arts.

Origin and family

Johann came from the Knight family of Dalberg and the second son of 11 children was the Palatine Court Marshal Wolfgang III. Chamberlain of Worms, called von Dalberg (1426–1476) and his wife Gertrud, born von Greiffenclau zu Vollrads († 1502), daughter of Friedrich von Greiffenclau zu Vollrads (1401–1462).

Friedrich VI. von Dalberg (1459–1506), Mayor of Oppenheim , was a brother of the bishop, as was the local bailiff Wolfgang VI. von Dalberg (1473–1522). The sister Apollonia officiated as abbess of the monastery Marienberg zu Boppard . For the family relationships see here .

Live and act

education

Johann von Dalberg studied from 1466 to 1472 in Erfurt , where he obtained his bachelor's degree in 1470 , completing his basic studies in the "Artes" . He then studied law in Pavia until 1476 . There he met Rudolf Agricola , who also gave the inaugural speech when Johann became rector of the university in 1474/1475 . Other connections that arose during this time are those with Jakob Questenberg and the brothers Dietrich (1453–1520) and Johannes von Plieningen (1454–1506). A circle of early humanists was formed from these relationships, to whom others joined, such as Jakob Wimpfeling .

In 1474 Johann XX. the lesser ordinations . In the summer of 1473, however, his older brother, Wolfgang IV., Died, which led his father to want to change the career plan for his now eldest. After the end of his rectorate, Johann XX. therefore home. The father wanted the son to continue studying but to become worldly again. However, the father died on September 20, 1476. As a result, Johann XX. with his next younger brother, Friedrich VI. : Johann XX. remained spiritually and Friedrich VI. took on the role of head of the family. Johann XX. went back to Italy and studied from 1476 at the University of Padua . Apart from the bachelor's degree he obtained in Erfurt, there are no university degrees known from him.

Offices

Already during his studies he received dome rinds: 1472 in Worms , 1474 in Trier , 1478/79 in Speyer and 1479 in Mainz . He was the first of his family to achieve numerous canon positions in the Rhenish cathedral chapters, thus establishing a family policy that would last for the next 300 years. The previous generations had not had a sufficient number of male descendants to be able to set sons off for church careers without endangering their own existence.

In 1480 he became provost of the cathedral in Worms and thus - the offices were linked in personal union - chancellor of Heidelberg University . During this time Dalberg lived in Heidelberg in the Münzhof on Heugasse.

Elector Philipp von der Pfalz (ruled 1476–1508) appointed him Chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate in 1481 , an office that he held until 1497. The elector continued to vote for Johann XX. as Bishop of Worms , which took place on August 2, 1482. When he was elected, he was only just under 27 and had not yet reached the age of 30 required by church law . But he received a papal dispensation . Johann XX. was the first of his family to rise to the rank of (spiritual) imperial prince. He now lived in Heidelberg in the courtyard of the Bishop of Worms in Heidelberg's Neustadt district.

After resigning from the Electoral Palatinate Chancellery in 1497, he stayed mainly in the castle of the Bishop of Worms in Ladenburg. In Worms, however, he was seldom, as he was in constant dispute with the city. After 1497 he was also in the service of King I. Maximilian operates.

Johann as bishop

From 1488 Johann XX. rebuild the cloister (demolished in the 19th century) at Worms Cathedral . In the north aisle of the cathedral is the relief of the root of Jesse , donated by him for the Marienkapelle of the cloister and translocated there today , with his image and the dedicatory inscription: 1488. It was built by Johannes Kämmerer von Dalberg for the most excellent Mary, Mother of God, and her venerable ancestors , Bishop, under whose direction this hall and cloister were started.

In 1496 Dalberg commissioned pastor Jakob Stoll von Alsheim to hold a diocesan visitation , which is recorded in the Worms Synodal . He strongly supported the reforms of Abbess Margaretha von Venningen († 1505), in the Rosenthal monastery .

Networker of humanism

In addition to the official offices, Johann XX acted. as a leading figure in the circle of humanists surrounding him. He spoke Italian , Latin (but with a German accent ), Greek and Hebrew , which was still quite unusual in Germany at the time. He promoted the humanistic endeavors that had been evident at the electoral court since the 1450s and made Heidelberg an important center of early German humanism. He put together an extensive library, which also contained works in Greek and Hebrew, and made it available to friends. The library also contained Middle High German texts and translations from the classical languages ​​into German. In the circle of Heidelberg humanists around Johann XX. Numerous texts have been translated from Greek and Latin into German. Johann XX was very interested. to news from Italy about local libraries and their content. He even got a list of the works in the Vatican Library .

In 1484 Dalberg invited the polymath Rudolf Agricola to Heidelberg, who gave speeches and lectures at the university . After the election and coronation of Pope Innocent VIII , Elector Philip of the Palatinate sent Johann XX. from Dalberg to Rome in 1485. Rudolf Agricola was also among his entourage. During the public consistory on July 6, 1485, Johann XX. von Dalberg, as Bishop of Worms, wrote the oratio gratulatoria (congratulatory speech) that Agricola had written. Dalberg was also in lively exchange of ideas with other well-known scholars of his time. Conrad Celtis , Johannes Reuchlin and Adolph Occo were among his friends. At Dalberg's encouragement and under his patronage, Celtis founded Sodalitas litteraria Rhenana in 1491 with its headquarters in Heidelberg.

Death and remembrance

Johann von Dalberg died unexpectedly in 1503. He was buried in Worms Cathedral , the grave inscription has been handed down by Johann Friedrich Schannat . The funeral was overshadowed by the ongoing dispute between the city and the bishop. Johann XX. an epitaph was never erected and its lack is not due to the destruction of the city of Worms in 1689 in the Palatinate War of Succession by the troops of King Ludwig XIV .

King Ludwig I of Bavaria counted Johann von Dalberg among the great personalities of German history and honored him in the "Hall of Fame" Walhalla near Regensburg with a marble bust created by Arnold Hermann Lossow .

Worth knowing

numismatics

Johann XX. collected ancient coins and took care of the preservation and restoration of preserved Roman inscriptions in Worms. Johann XX. himself wrote a work on minting law ( De inventione, ratione et qualitatemonetae ), but it was probably lost.

Crosier

Johann von Dalberg's bishop's staff came around 1820 as a gift from the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph to the then newly rebuilt diocese of Speyer and is still in the Speyer Cathedral Treasury , which is kept in the Palatinate History Museum . At the inauguration of the current Bishop Karl-Heinz Wiesemann , this staff was used in 2008, usually someone else uses it.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Web links

Commons : Johann von Dalberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The disk comes from the Dalberg burial chapel of St. Peter's Church in Worms-Herrnsheim , today: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe.
  2. ^ Ordinal numbers according to Bollinger, pp. 10–13.
  3. ↑ There is no evidence for the statement that has appeared in the literature that he obtained a doctorate in both rights .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Encyclopedic article on Johann von Dalberg Marburg Repertory on Translation Literature in Early German Humanism (University of Marburg)
  2. ^ Website on Apollonia von Dalberg
  3. ^ Johann Christian von Stramberg: Memorable and useful Rheinischer Antiquarius, part 2, volume 16, p. 177, Koblenz, 1869; (Digital scan)
  4. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 44.
  5. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 47.
  6. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 40.
  7. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 41.
  8. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 42.
  9. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 38.
  10. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  11. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  12. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  13. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 43.
  14. ↑ Bollinger, p. 32.
  15. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  16. ↑ Website on the root Jesse relief in Worms Cathedral
  17. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  18. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 44.
  19. ^ Henry J. Cohn: The early Renaissance Court in Heidelberg . In: European Studies Review 1 (1971), pp. 295–322. Hubach 2005.
  20. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 46.
  21. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 46.
  22. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 44.
  23. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 39.
  24. ↑ Website for the epitaph
  25. ^ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 50.
  26. ↑ Mertens: Bishop Johann , p. 45.
predecessor Office successor
Reinhard I. von Sickingen Bishop of Worms
1482–1503 		Reinhard II of Rippur
personal data
SURNAME Johann XX. from Dalberg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johann III.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Worms and Chancellor of Heidelberg University
DATE OF BIRTH August 14, 1455
PLACE OF BIRTH Oppenheim
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1503
Place of death Heidelberg