Dalberg (noble family)

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The lords and barons of Dalberg were a German nobility with a focus on the Middle Rhine . They formed a younger branch of the family of the eunuchs of Worms , who successively from 1315 the legacy of an older, then extinct family of Dalberg on Castle Dalberg took.

They were important officials in the Holy Roman Empire , including three prince-bishops, two of whom were electors. The most important family member was the last Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1744-1817), who was one of the most influential politicians and intellectuals of his time as the primate of the Rhine Confederation and Grand Duke of Frankfurt even after the end of the Old Kingdom .

Family coat of arms of the chamberlain of Worms
Emblematic of the chamberlains and those of Dalberg (at the Younger Dalberger Hof in Mainz)

history

Late Middle Ages

Dalberg Castle

In the 14th century, Johann III. Chamberlain of Worms , who had married into the family of the Lords of Dalberg through his first wife, Juliane, shares in the Dalberg estate. But this first Dalberg line of eunuchs of Worms died out in 1375. Johann XI. During this time, Kämmerer von Worms took possession of the entire castle and lordship and from then on added the addition "zu Dalberg" to his family name Kämmerer von Worms . His grandson, Wolfgang III. , and his descendants led - for the first time in 1375 - the name form Kämmerer von Worms, called von Dalberg , or from Dalberg for short . In 1390 or 1400 the family had acquired sole ownership of the castle and dominion. The villages Dalberg , the neighboring Wallhausen , Spabrücken and Sommerloch belonged to this fiefdom .

The second Dalberg line of treasurers split in the 15th century with the Palatine court marshal Wolfgang III. Kämmerer von Worms, called von Dalberg , was the younger line of the other chamberlains from Worms and was now called Kämmerer von Worms, called von Dalberg . This was subsequently shortened to one by Dalberg in general usage . Like the members of the family of origin, the von Dalbergs were also free imperial knights .

Around 1560/1565 the family moved from Dalberg Castle to the newly built Wallhausen estate in the valley . The castle still served as a military facility. In 1750, Hugo Philipp Eckenbert von Dalberg-Wallhausen had dilapidated buildings torn down at the castle and used the material to expand Wallhausen Castle . After the male line died out in 1940, Wallhausen and the Dalberg fell to their heirs, the line of the Prinzen zu Salm-Salm -Dalberg.

Early modern age

reformation

During the Reformation, the family remained predominantly Roman Catholic . This also gave its members access to spiritual positions, even after the Reservatum ecclesiasticum had been introduced in 1555 , as well as access to secular offices in the Upper Rhine dioceses and the electoral states of Mainz and Trier.

Only Philip V and his son, Eberhard II, became Lutheran . According to the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio , churches and the village population became Lutheran in the villages they ruled Abenheim and Herrnsheim (today both districts of Worms ) . However, since this line of Dalbergs died out with Eberhard II, Roman Catholic Dalbergers inherited the villages. In 1635 the church in Herrnsheim was finally Roman Catholic again.

Baron class

On September 22, 1653 the family received from Emperor Ferdinand III. awarded the title of imperial baron. This actually benefited the four agnates living at the time in three different branches of the family and their families

The award of the baron title only referred to that of Dalberg , the older name affix Kämmerer von Worms was officially given up, even if this origin was of course still present.

Modern times

With the collapse of the Old Reich , the Dalbergs also lost their previous supply network as Imperial Knights. In particular, the benefices of the canons fell away. In addition, a significant part of the property on the left bank of the Rhine was lost in the course of the French occupation and annexation . Part of the family oriented towards the Austrian Empire . This was all the easier when in 1809 Friedrich Karl Anton von Dalberg inherited the dominions of Datschitz in Moravia and Maleschau in Bohemia. For the next one and a half centuries, these formed the center of the long surviving line of the Dalberg family.

As one of the baronial families, the family subsequently received a hereditary seat in the manor house , the upper house of the Austrian Reichsrat , as well as in the Bavarian Reichsrat , the upper house of the Bavarian assembly of estates .

The daughter of Duke Emmerich Joseph, Marie Louise, widowed Lady Acton, had the Herrnsheim Palace rebuilt from 1837 by Ignaz Opfermann . Her son, Lord Dalberg-Acton , sold the system in 1883 to the Worms leather goods manufacturer Cornelius Wilhelm von Heyl zu Herrnsheim .

The noble family died out in the male line with Johannes Evangelist von Dalberg (1909–1940). Via his cousin, Maria Anna von und zu Dalberg (1891–1979), the inheritance, including Wallhausen Castle and the Bohemian possessions, fell to a branch line of the Salm-Salm Princely House . The Bohemian possessions were, however, expropriated by Czechoslovakia in 1945 .

meaning

politics

The family belonged to the free imperial knights who were imperial direct , but did not belong to the imperial estates and thus not to the high nobility . But family members often held high political offices in the Holy Roman Empire. These included clerical electors , archbishops and bishops , a prince abbot and a president of the Imperial Court of Justice .

Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg , theater director

Since the last third of the 14th century there have been treasurers from Worms and then Dalbergs from all branches of the family as high and highest functionaries in the Electoral Palatinate and at the Electoral Palatinate court, in the post-Reformation period - the Electoral Palatinate initially became Protestant - also mainly in Kurmainz . When the Palatinate became Roman Catholic again under the Palatinate-Neuburgern , Dalbergers are again in their service, among them outstanding Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg (1750-1806), brother of the Elector of Mainz and Archbishop Karl Theodor , who was elected in 1802 became known as the director of the National Theater in Mannheim and sponsor of Friedrich Schiller . In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of ​​interest expanded from the Upper and Middle Rhine area to Franconia , where benefices and canon positions were to be obtained that the local nobility, who had become Protestant, could no longer occupy.

With a lot of commitment, members of the family also repeatedly take on tasks in the cooperation of the Imperial Knights , especially in the knight canton of Upper Rhine . From the end of the 17th century onwards, they were permanently part of the Burgmannschaft of Friedberg Castle , a co-operative and imperial burgraviate ruled by hereditary noble castle men from the area. Some family members were active at the highest imperial courts: Philipp Franz Eberhard von Dalberg was President of the Imperial Chamber Court from 1671 to 1693 , Eckenbert von Dalberg , Franz Eckenbert II. Von Dalberg and Johann Friedrich Eckenbert von Dalberg were members of the Imperial Court Council .

With Grand Duke Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1744–1817), Archbishop and last Elector of Mainz, Imperial Arch Chancellor, Prince and Archbishop of Regensburg and Aschaffenburg, Grand Duke of Frankfurt and Prince Primate of Germany, and Duke Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg , alongside Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, one of the two French negotiators at the Congress of Vienna , presented the family with politicians of German and European stature.

Church connections and careers

Burial places

The connection to the Worms Monastery of St. Martin stems from a medieval tradition, which the Dalbergers took over from the family of the Chamberlain of Worms . In the early modern period, this was made clear by the fact that numerous members of the Dalberg family were buried in the Church of St. Martin. These include:

  • Frederick VII (around 1485 - December 25, 1520)
  • Dieter VII. (Dietrich) (* around 1532 - † May 30, 1585)
  • Margareta Kunigunde († March 19, 1626) Löw von Steinfurth , the second wife of Wolfgang Friedrich I von Dalberg zu Herrnsheim and Schüttburg, co-lord of Clervaux
  • Philipp Balthasar von Dalberg zu Clervaux (* 1597, † April 10, 1639)

Since the 15th century the central family burial place of the Dalbergers was in the parish church of Herrnsheim, St. Peter . Another - for the branch of the family living there - in the church of St. Martin in Sankt Martin (Pfalz) . Before that, numerous Dalbergers were buried in the Katharinenkirche in Oppenheim , where a number of stately tombs from the late Gothic and early Renaissance have been preserved.

Monasteries

There were a number of monasteries and foundations that members of the Dalberg family preferred to attend. These included:

Bishops

Johann von Dalberg , Bishop of Worms (1455–1503)
  • Johann XX. von Dalberg , previously Chancellor of the Electoral Palatinate, became Prince-Bishop of Worms as Johann III at the instigation of the Palatinate Elector Philipp in 1482 at the age of 27 . He was the first of his family to rise to the position of ecclesiastical imperial prince and also the first toobtainnumerous canon positions in the Rhenish cathedral chapters, with which he established a family policy that would last for the next 300 years. The previous generations had not had a sufficient number of male descendants to be able to set sons off for church careers without endangering their own existence. He promoted the humanistic endeavorsthat had been evident at the electoral court since the 1450sand made Heidelberg an important center of early German humanism; he also compiled an extensive library. He had a lively exchange of ideas with other well-known scholars of his time, including Rudolf Agricola , Conrad Celtis , Johannes Reuchlin and Adolph Occo .

Duke of Dalberg

Duke Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg (1773–1833), around 1815

Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg (1773–1833), the nephew of Archbishop Karl Theodor, began as a canon in Mainz, but then entered the Baden civil service and was ambassador to Paris. There he met the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand , with whom he worked closely from then on. At the beginning of 1810 he was involved in the preparations for the marriage of Napoleon I and Marie-Louise of Austria . Shortly afterwards he resigned as the Baden ambassador. In order to get back his confiscated family estates on the left bank of the Rhine , he became a French citizen. In the years from 1806 to 1813 his uncle officiated as the prince of the Rhine Confederation allied with Napoleon . Talleyrand ensured that the baron was elevated to Napoleonic Duke ( Duc de Dalberg ) in 1810 . He also received a high grant and an annual pension.

When Talleyrand fell out of favor, Dalberg also withdrew, but was named one of the five government officials who brought about the Restoration of the Bourbons in April 1814, when Talleyrand took over the provisional government . As Minister Plenipotentiary of France, together with Talleyrand, he safeguarded French interests at the Congress of Vienna . In return, Napoleon I put him on the list of the twelve exiles whose goods were confiscated. However, after the second restoration of the Bourbons, Dalberg got everything back and became Minister of State and Peer of France . In 1816 he was appointed envoy of the French king to the king of Sardinia and Piedmont in Turin . He then lived in Paris and in the last years of his life at the inherited Herrnsheim Castle in Worms-Herrnsheim , which he had extensively renewed. His only daughter and heiress was Marie Louise von Dalberg (1813-1860), who married two English husbands one after the other. Her son Lord Dalberg-Acton sold Herrnsheim Castle in 1883.

Possessions

Over time, the family acquired a good number of properties. Although this "territory" was small and fragmented, it was formally a separate imperial rule and stretched between Koblenz in the north, Neuweiler in the south, the Odenwald in the east and Landstuhl in the west.

The family fortune was tied up in an entails and was one of the largest on the Middle Rhine. The income consisted of sovereign taxes, landlord and feudal rents, pensions and inclines as well as self-employed businesses.

organization

Younger Dalberger Hof in Mainz

The family was also legally constituted as a unit. According to previous family law provisions, they concluded a family contract in 1723, which also ensured this and was guaranteed under imperial law. The new Dalberger Hof in Mainz was also built during this time on behalf of four brothers from the Dalberg family, as indicated by the inscription Concordia fratrum erexit .

The heads of the individual branches of the family were limited in their power of disposal over family assets, marriages were only permitted with families eligible for a foundation, and at annual family meetings , agreements were made on larger matters affecting the total assets. A special role was played by the “family senior”, the oldest living male family member. B. received the fiefs for the family. However, this had the disadvantage that every time the “family senior” changed, a new feudal reception had to be made - each time a time-consuming and expensive affair.

Feudal lords

The lords of the Dalberg family were widely scattered, which was ultimately reflected in their territorial free float. Lieutenants were:

"Is there (not) a Dalberg?"

Milvian Bridge - place of the legendary accolade?

ceremonial

On the occasion of the imperial coronation of Friedrich III. During the Rome procession in 1452, a member of the Dalberg family is said to have been knighted on the Angel's Bridge . Since then, the Dalberg family had the protocol-based privilege of being the first to be knighted as an imperial knight at a coronation ceremony for the German king . Before a newly crowned emperor awarded the accolades , the imperial herald asked whether a candidate from the Dalberg family was present. From this right of the first accolade, the saying “Isn't Dalberg there?” Developed , which Julius Mosen took up in a poem of the same name.

Even Napoleon is said to have given serious consideration to incorporate the described ceremony in his own coronation ceremony and took it from the family Dalberg knowledge. On September 22nd, 1804, Napoleon met Prince Bishop Karl Theodor von Dalberg in Mainz and invited him to Paris for his coronation. The later appointment of this member of the Dalberg family as regent and prince-bishop in Regensburg could have originated here.

Securitization

In 1494, King Maximilian I was the first German ruler to certify this privilege of the von Dalberg family to the first accolade by a newly crowned German king. All of his successors confirmed this privilege and it was carried out in the following seven coronations, for the first time at the coronation of King Maximilian II in Frankfurt am Main in 1562 .

This right, which is associated with high social prestige, was subsequently given a fabulous origin, which is available in several variations:

Fabulous derivation

In Dačice Castle in the Czech Republic , the residence of the last Dalberger, Johannes Evangelist (1909–1940), there hangs a large oil painting that pictorially documents the accolade on the Tiber Bridge.

However, the legend - regardless of the variation in which it was told - probably has no factual core. It belongs to a whole bundle of myths that the family developed from the 17th century in an effort to achieve a higher status.

Family myths

  • An ancestor of the family was present at the crucifixion of Jesus and stood there with bare head in awe. Maria said to him: "Be covered, Mr. Cousin".
  • A Dalberg named Caius Marcellus came to Worms as an officer of the Legion of Publius Quinctilius Varus , settled Jews there, defended the Rhine crossing against Germanic tribes and captured their general Arminius . In gratitude, Emperor Augustus is said to have granted him military command over Worms as an inheritance .
  • A “historical” tombstone was procured, the inscription of which was supposed to prove the family's descent from noble noblemen von Dalberg (the addition to the name “ Chamberlain of Worms”, which could indicate a subordinate position, was now all too embarrassing).
  • An ancestor of the Dalberg family is said to have participated in a tournament in Merseburg as early as 969 .
  • Archbishop Heribert of Cologne († 1021), who came from Worms, was included in the family tree, as well
  • St. Erkenbert von Frankenthal , founder of the Frankenthal Monastery .

How long these myths worked can be seen, for example, from the fact that local history researcher Johannes Bollinger took these appropriations at face value in 1989 and placed both at the top of the Dalberg family genealogy. With this extensive myth formation, the Dalbergers are quite unique. It results from the discrepancy between their relatively low (nobility) status and the rather prominent role they played in southwest Germany and in the empire .

coat of arms

The Dalberg line of the Chamberlain of Worms combined their coat of arms (6 silver lilies (3: 2: 1) placed under a three-pointed golden shield head on a blue background ) with that of the original Lords of Dalberg (a black anchor cross in gold ) and used it henceforth a quartered coat of arms: Fields I and IV: Chamberlain of Worms; II and III: from Dalberg.

Lords of DalbergChamberlain of WormsChamberlain of Worms called von Dalberg

The Archbishop of Mainz, Elector Archbishop Karl Theodor, combined his family coat of arms (in the heart shield in front of the imperial eagle as a symbol of his imperial rank) with the Mainz wheel and the coat of arms as Prince of Aschaffenburg, Prince of Regensburg and Count of Wetzlar. As the ruling Grand Duke of Frankfurt (from 1810 to 1813) he placed the heart shield of the Dalberg family in front of a quartered coat of arms: 1. Frankfurt; 2. Aschaffenburg; 3. Fulda; 4. Hanau. His nephew and heir, Duke Emmerich Joseph, again used the simple, four-sided Kämmerer Dalberg coat of arms under the Napoleonic starry sky (silver stars on a red background).

Lords of DalbergGrand Duke of FrankfurtDuke of Dalberg

literature

  • Kurt Andermann : The rise of the chamberlain of Worms in the late Middle Ages . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. The chamberlain of Worms called von Dalberg. Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. (Work of the Hessian Historical Commission, New Series, Volume 31), ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 13–34.
  • Friedrich Battenberg : Dalberg documents. Regesta on the documents of the eunuchs of Worms gen. Von Dalberg and the barons of Dalberg 1165–1843 :
    • Volume 1: Documents and copies of the Darmstadt State Archives (Dept. B 15 and O 1 B), the Herrnsheim Parish Archives and the Freiherrlich-Franckenstein Archives in Ullstadt = Repertories of the Hessian State Archives Darmstadt 14/1. Darmstadt 1981. ISBN 3-88443-222-2
    • Volume 2: Documents from the Worms City Archives , the Bavarian State Library in Munich and the Heylshof Art House in Worms; Supplements and lost Dalberg documents in the Darmstadt State Archives (Regesta No. 1666–3385) = Repertories of the Hessian State Archives Darmstadt 14/2. Darmstadt 1986. ISBN 3-88443-237-0
    • Volume 3: Corrigenda, indices and family tables (v. Dalberg and Ulner von Dieburg) = Repertories of the Hessian State Archives Darmstadt 14/3. Darmstadt 1987. ISBN 3-88443-238-9
  • Friedrich Battenberg: The imperial knighthood of Dalberg and the Jews . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 155-184.
  • Eric Beres: The treasurers of Worms and their importance for the region around Wallhausen and Dalberg . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 137–154.
  • Johann Gottfried Biedermann : genealogy of the Reichsfrey immediate knighthood of the country to Franconia praiseworthy places Rhön and Werra… Bayreuth 1749. Scan-S .: 274–287.
  • Johannes Bollinger: 100 families of the chamberlain from Worms and the lords of Dalberg . Bollinger, Worms-Herrnsheim 1989. Without ISBN.
  • Leopold von Eltester , Adalbert Horawitz:  Dalberg, Johann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 701-703. (Article on the gender "von Dalberg" on p. 701)
  • Ludwig Lenhart :  Dalberg, v .. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 488 ( digitized version ).
  • Volker Gallé , Michael Embach (Hrsg.): Fritz von Dalberg on the 200th anniversary of his death - From inventing and forming. A reader . Worms Verlag, Worms 2012.
  • Volker Gallé, Werner Nell a. a. (Ed.): Zwischenwelten. The Rhineland around 1800. Conference from 28. – 30. October 2011 in Herrnsheim Castle / Worms . Worms Verlag, Worms 2012.
  • Karl Murk: "So that the Splendor will be preserved". Relationship networks and supply strategies of the Dalberg in the 17th and 18th centuries . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 185-201.
  • Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables. Family tables on the history of the European states. New series, Volume 9: Families from the Middle and Upper Rhine and from Burgundy. Marburg 1986. Without ISBN, tables 55–60.

Web links

Commons : Dalberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Dalberg coat of arms  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Website of the Maria Himmelskron Monastery
  2. ^ In Bollinger, p. 58: Eva Maria.
  3. ↑ Bollinger, p. 58: baptized June 4, 1647.
  4. ↑ Reichslehen were the high jurisdiction in Upper and Lower Saxony and the "building property" in Herrnsheim (Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 255).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Beres: Die Kämmerer , p. 139; Kurt Andermann : The rise of the chamberlain of Worms in the late Middle Ages . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission, NF Bd. 31. Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , p. 21.
  2. ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain , p. 137.
  3. ↑ Schwennicke, Pl. 55–60.
  4. ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain , p. 137.
  5. ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain , p. 139.
  6. ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain , p. 138.
  7. ↑ Beres: The Chamberlain , p. 144.
  8. ↑ Bollinger, p. 51.
  9. ↑ Bollinger, p. 51.
  10. ↑ Bollinger, p. 56.
  11. ↑ Bollinger, p. 56.
  12. ↑ Murk, pp. 189f.
  13. ^ Murk, p. 187.
  14. ↑ Bollinger, p. 47.
  15. ↑ Bollinger, p. 49.
  16. ↑ Bollinger, p. 38.
  17. ↑ Bollinger, p. 38.
  18. ↑ Bollinger, p. 51.
  19. ↑ Bollinger, p. 58.
  20. ^ Dieter Mertens: Bishop Johann von Dalberg (1455–1503) and German humanism . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. The chamberlain of Worms called von Dalberg. Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. (Work of the Hessian Historical Commission, New Series, Volume 31), ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 35-50 (38).
  21. ^ Henry J. Cohn: The early Renaissance Court in Heidelberg . In: European Studies Review 1 (1971), pp. 295–322. Hubach 2005.
  22. ↑ Eric Beres: The treasurers of Worms and their importance for the region around Wallhausen and Dalberg . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms named by Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historische Kommission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 137–154 (143).
  23. ↑ Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles : Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France: des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France , Volume 6, Paris 1826.
  24. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 23.
  25. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 254.
  26. ^ Printed in: Johann Ulrich Cramer: Oobservationum juris universi ex praxi recentiori supremorum imperii tribunalium haustarum 3. Ulm 1763, pp. 90–119.
  27. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 247.
  28. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 255.
  29. ↑ The following list according to Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 25, unless otherwise stated.
  30. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 255.
  31. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 255.
  32. ↑ Godsey: Ritteradel , p. 255.
  33. ↑ Lenhart.
  34. ↑ Julius Mosen: Isn't there a Dalberg? In: ders .: all works. Volume 1, Ferdinand Schmidt, Oldenburg 1863, p. 27.
  35. ^ Konrad Maria Färber: The Principality of Regensburg between 1802 and 1810 An interlude . In: Hans Jürgen Becker, Konrad Maria Färber (Hrsg.): Regensburg becomes Bavarian. A reader . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2218-4 , pp. 48 f .
  36. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 29.
  37. ↑ Bollinger, p. 34.
  38. ↑ See: Bollinger, p. 19.
  39. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 13.
  40. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 13.
  41. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 14.
  42. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 14.
  43. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 14.
  44. ↑ Bollinger, pp. 7-9.
  45. ^ Andermann: Der Aufstieg , p. 14.
  46. ↑ Harald Drös: shield head, lilies, anchor cross. The coat of arms of the chamberlain of Worms, called von Dalberg . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. The chamberlain of Worms called von Dalberg. Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009. (Work of the Hessian Historical Commission, New Series, Volume 31), ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 51–72.