Zweibrücken county
.svg){kind=small} Territory in the Holy Roman Empire |
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| Zweibrücken | |
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| Counties Zweibrücken (dark green) and Zweibrücken-Bitsch (light pink) around 1400
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| Arose from | 1182/90: County of Saarbrücken |
| Form of rule | county |
| Ruler / government | Count |
| Today's region / s |
DE-RP / DE-SL / FR-57
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| Capitals / residences | Zweibrücken |
| Dynasties | 1190: Saarbrücken 1394: Electoral Palatinate
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| Incorporated into | 1295: Zw.-Bitsch 1394: Electoral Palatinate
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The county of Zweibrücken was a county of the Holy Roman Empire with the eponymous seat of Zweibrücken . It was created between 1182 and 1190 from an inheritance from the County of Saarbrücken . Between 1286 and 1302, the Count's House divided into the two lines Zweibrücken-Bitsch and Zweibrücken (-Zweibrücken). The younger line kept the castle and town of Zweibrücken and went out in 1394.
Emergence
The counts of Saarbrücken were in the 1100s one of the most powerful families in southwest Germany with extensive land holdings in the Saar , in Bliesgau and in Alsace , in the Palatinate and the Middle Rhine and lucrative bailiwicks (sponsorship). Their position of power is best characterized by the fact that they twice appointed the archbishops of Mainz in the 12th century . Soon after 1100 they also took control of the Hornbach monastery , whose extensive possessions lay between the Blies and the Palatinate Forest . Zweibrücken Castle was built here at the transition over the Schwarzbach . By dividing the inheritance in the Saarbrücken Count House, Zweibrücken came to the younger son Heinrich I in 1182/90 , who founded the line of the Counts of Zweibrücken. In addition to Zweibrücken Castle, there was a civil settlement that received town charter in 1352 together with Hornbach.
Location of the county
To the county two bridges, a fief of the Kingdom of half the included in its initial equipment, which lists only the larger-owned parts here Burg Landeck with eleven locations around Bergzabern , from the Bishopric of Metz , the "so-called St. rights on the basis of hearing of Metz's bishop, Stephansfolk ”, from the diocese of Verdun half of Liebenberg Castle near Namborn , to bailiwicks the important bailiwick of the Hornbach monastery, further bailiwicks of the Altenmünster nunnery in Mainz and various goods from the St. Alban monastery in Mainz and the Liebfrauenstift there, and finally allodial goods between the Rhine and Moselle , including Zweibrücken Castle, Lemberg Castle, built after 1198 under Count Heinrich I, and shares in Morsberg , Linder and Saargemünd .
development
The right of primogeniture (eldest son as preferred or sole heir) had not yet been generally accepted and the continued real divisions customary in southwest Germany led to the disintegration of many territories. The same applies to the county of Zweibrücken. Count Heinrich I was succeeded by his son Count Heinrich II around 1237 . Around 1260, the Zweibrücken-Eberstein line split off. From the sons of Heinrich II, whom he left behind in 1282, Eberhard I and Walram I initially jointly took over the government of the County of Zweibrücken, but after 1286 they decided to split up. Eberhard I. received the office of Lemberg , Walram I. the office of Zweibrücken. This division was further delimited in 1295 and solidified in 1333 with the division of the last remaining common components to form two independent counties.
The county of Zweibrücken-Bitsch
→ Main article Zweibrücken-Bitsch
The office of Lemberg as well as Morsberg, Linder and Saargemünd came to Eberhard I when it was divided. In 1297 he exchanged the three mentioned castles for Duke Friedrich III. of Lorraine and received from this castle and lordship Bitsch as a fief. His descendants, who ruled the office of Lemberg and the rule of Bitsch until the male line was extinguished in 1570, are known as the Counts of Zweibrücken-Bitsch. They carried the title and coat of arms of the Counts of Zweibrücken.
- Coat of arms: In gold, a blue armored and tongued red lion.
The county of Zweibrücken (-Zweibrücken)
The offices of Zweibrücken and Bergzabern came to Walram I at the time of division and remained with his descendants, who are called Walramids after the founder of the line. The last count from the Walram line, Eberhard II , who had no descendants entitled to inheritance, sold it in 1385 for 25,000 guilders to the Count Palatine near Rhine from the Palatinate line of the Wittelsbach family and received half of it back as a fief. After his death in 1394, the Electoral Palatinate moved into the settled fiefdom. In 1410 the newly formed principality Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken was given this and other property.
- Coat of arms: In gold, a blue armored and tongued red lion, topped with a blue three-lipped tournament collar .
The tournament collar serves as a heraldic emblem for the younger line. While the seals of the Walramids show him in the upper half of the shield (on the lion's neck), in the modern coat of arms of the city of Zweibrücken he is in the middle of the shield (on the lion's belly).
Counts of Zweibrücken
Older line
- 1182–1237 Heinrich I.
- 1237–1282 Heinrich II.
- 1282–1286 Eberhard I. and Walram I. as a condominium
Younger Line (Walramids)
- 1286-1309 Walram I.
- 1309-1311 Simon
- 1311-1366 Walram II.
- 1366-1394 Eberhard
literature
- Hans-Walter Herrmann: The county of Zweibrücken . In: Kurt Hoppstädter, Hans-Walter Herrmann : Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes , Volume 2, Saarbrücken 1977, pp. 316–322. ISBN 3-921870-00-3 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans-Walter Herrmann: The county of Zweibrücken. In: Historical regional studies of the Saarland. Volume 2, Saarbrücken 1977, pp. 316-322
- ↑ Carl Pöhlmann: Regesten der Graf von Zweibrücken from the Zweibrücken line , edited by Anton Doll, Speyer 1962, p. XXVII, fig. 12, p. XXIX, fig. 18-20, p. XXX, fig. 22-25