Dominion Datschitz

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The rule Datschitz was a rule in Moravia . The place named Datschitz (Czech Dačice ).

Geographical location

Today Dačice is located in the south of the Czech Republic . The area historically belonged to Moravia and was only politically assigned to Bohemia in 1960.

history

Early modern age

Datschitz originally belonged to the Bikau dominion . The rule of Bikau was in the hands of the von Neuhaus family , who sold it to Wolfgang Kraiger von Kraigk in 1459 . The Kraigk Kraigk built the Datschitz Castle in the Renaissance style . In the following centuries it was the center of rule. In 1610 Katharina Kraiger von Kraigk sold the rule, including Datschitz, to Wilhelm Dubský von Třebomyslice. In 1728 Heinrich Karl Graf von Ostein bought the rule. The last Count of Ostein , Johann Friedrich Karl Maximilian von Ostein , died childless in 1809, but had previously made his nephew, Friedrich Karl Anton von Dalberg, his heir and perhaps even adopted it. With that the rule came to the family of the barons von Dalberg .

19th and 20th centuries

At the beginning of the 19th century, the rulership was just under 164 square kilometers. Of this, 26.5 square kilometers were used for agriculture or forestry. It had a land registry value of 600,000 guilders . At the beginning of the 19th century it produced an annual income of 70,000 guilders. In detail, it consisted of the following goods:

With the upheavals of 1848 , the rulers lost their function as authorities and the forced labor ("Robot") was abolished. The Herr von Datschitz was "only" a large landowner. The state assumed its previous sovereign functions as court ruler and in administration. The part of the land for which the peasants had done Robot was transferred to the peasants in exchange for compensation from the rulers. They had to pay 1/3 of the value, another third was taken over by the state, the rest of the value was effectively expropriated . At the beginning of the land reform in 1919 in the newly sovereign Czechoslovakia , 36 km² were still in the hands of the Dalberg family. This was reduced to 11 km² by the land reform.

When the Dalberg family and Johannes Evangelist von Dalberg died out in 1940, the inheritance passed to his cousin Maria Anna von und zu Dalberg (1897–1979). She was married to Prince Franz Emanuel Konstantin zu Salm and Salm-Salm (1876–1965). However, shortly afterwards, the inheritance was expropriated by Czechoslovakia in 1945 . and divided between agricultural and forestry state enterprises and cooperatives .

economy

Reforms in the first half of the 19th century under Baron Karl Anton von Dalberg modernized the economy. He took over all previously leased Meierhöfe of his masters on his own and began growing and processing sugar beet . In Moleschau he set up a goods inspection, in Datschitz a central financial administration for his Bohemian goods. For his innovations, he managed to attract a number of very capable employees:

  • He won Franz von Grebner , who founded a sugar factory that initially produced in Kirchwiedern and later in Sukdol , as general representative for his goods . Its director, Jacob Christoph Rad, invented the lump sugar , which was first produced in a sugar refinery in Datschitz.
  • He won Vincenz Hlava as a specialist for his forestry and fruit growing , who also ran a private forest school in Datschitz for ten years. During this time he trained 250 candidates for the forest service there.
  • Maximilian Frey managed the palace gardening business in Datschitz, which grew hundreds of apple, pear, apricot and peach varieties and published its own sales catalogs for them. Vegetable seedlings were also grown there, for example for asparagus, and flowers.

Sheep was also farmed in the lords . The population was 2700 in the Daschitz rule and 4500 in the Maleschau rule.

literature

  • Jana Bisová: The Chamberlain from Worms in Bohemia and Moravia . In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. Die Kämmerer von Worms named by Dalberg = work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31. Hessische Historische Kommission, Darmstadt 2009. ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 289-316.

Remarks

  1. ↑ One customer for this was Prince Primate - Grand Duke Karl Theodor von Dalberg in Aschaffenburg (Bisová: Die Kämmerer , p. 301).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bisová: Die Kämmerer , p. 298 and note 32.
  2. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 292nd
  3. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 299th
  4. ↑ Bisová: The Chamberlain , pp 293, note 10th.
  5. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 299th
  6. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 299th
  7. ↑ Bisová: The Chamberlain , p. 308.
  8. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 303rd
  9. ↑ Bisová: Die Kämmerer , p. 303, note 52.
  10. ↑ Bisová: The Chamberlain , p. 310.
  11. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables. Family tables on the history of the European states . New series, vol. 9: Families from the Middle and Upper Rhine and from Burgundy . Marburg 1986. Without ISBN, plate 59.
  12. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. 315th
  13. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. three hundred and first
  14. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. three hundred and first
  15. ↑ Bisová: The Chamberlain , p. 300.
  16. ↑ Bisová: The Chamberlain , p. 300.
  17. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. three hundred and first
  18. ↑ Bisová: The Treasurer , S. three hundred and first