Wolfgang X. von Dalberg

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Bishop Wolfgang von Dalberg
Coat of arms of the Archbishop of Mainz

Wolfgang X. von Dalberg , also: Wolfgang, treasurer of Worms, called von Dalberg (* 1537 ; † April 5, 1601 in Aschaffenburg ) was Archbishop and Elector of Mainz from 1582 to 1601 , and thus Arch Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire .

family

Wolfgang's parents were Friedrich VIII von Dalberg (* 1500; † February 21, 1574) and Anna, née von Fleckenstein († December 12, 1564).

Training and first offices

Wolfgang attended the Gemmingen Latin School .

Initially, Wolfgang X. was a Protestant (!) Pastor in Wallhausen . In 1557 he got the post of canon in Mainz , in 1557 he became canon in Speyer . In Speyer, he was in 1565 provost , in Mainz in 1571 Domscholasticus , 1572 canons in St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz and in 1582, shortly before his election as Archbishop, there is also provost. On his Münstersche Dompräbende renounced it in February 1586 for the attention of the Pope , who shot the Dietrich von Plettenberg.

As archbishop

choice

Wolfgang's election as Archbishop of Mainz took place on April 20, 1582. In the first ballot, on April 19, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Mayor of Mainz , achieved a simple majority over Dalberg with twelve votes, but not the required two -Third majority. Before the second ballot, Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn waived the further candidacy and Dalberg was elected unanimously. The Roman Curia confirmed the election on September 3, 1582. In the following year he was ordained a priest. On May 20, 1584 he was ordained bishop .

politics

Foreign policy

Within the conflict of interests between Protestants and Catholics, he assumed a more mediating position in the empire .

In the Merlau Treaty of 1583, Dalberg reached an agreement with Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel on long-term border conflicts between Kurmainz and the Landgraviate, with almost all of Mainz's possessions in northern Hesse finally falling to the Landgraviate, but Hesse abandoning its claims in Eichsfeld .

Domestic politics

Steinheim Castle in 1655, after reconstruction by Archbishop Wolfgang von Dalberg

Domestically, he continued the re-catholicization, which went hand in hand with a church reform: In addition to the important visitations that were supposed to uncover any abuses in the monasteries and parishes, he tried to improve the order of worship. In autumn 1583 Kurmainz joined the Gregorian calendar reform .

He consolidated the finances of the electorate, which was badly ailing in this regard.

In Höchst he expanded the castle in the Renaissance style , as did the local castle in Steinheim (today: Hanau ) .

From 1590 witch trials increased in the electorate , and from 1593 to 1614 there was a real wave of persecution. A total of 236 suspects were believed to have died.

death

Epitaph in the Mainz Cathedral

Wolfgang von Dalberg died on April 5, 1601 in Aschaffenburg and was buried in Mainz Cathedral , where a successor had a splendid epitaph built for him.

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Web links

Commons : Wolfgang von Dalberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The ordinal numbers, according to Bollinger, pp. 10–13, relate to the classification within the Kämmerer von Worms and von Dalberg families .
  2. ↑ Bollinger, p. 43, on the other hand, reports on a controversial election from which Wolfgang von Dalberg emerged with a majority of only one vote.
  3. ↑ E.g. in Aschaffenburg , Klein- and Großwallstadt , Damm , Großostheim and Dieburg .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schwennicke; Bollinger, p. 42.
  2. ^ Karl Friedrich Jaeger : Mittheilungen for the Swabian and Franconian Reformation history. Stuttgart 1828, p. 83.
  3. ↑ Eric Beres: The treasurers of Worms and their importance for the region around Wallhausen and Dalberg. In: Kurt Andermann (Hrsg.): Ritteradel in the Old Kingdom. The chamberlain from Worms called von Dalberg (= work of the Hessian Historical Commission NF Bd. 31). Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt 2009, ISBN 978-3-88443-054-5 , pp. 137-154 (143).
  4. ↑ Schwennicke; Bollinger, p. 43.
  5. ↑ Keizer.
  6. ↑ Bollinger, p. 43.
predecessor Office successor
Daniel Brendel from Homburg Elector-Archbishop of Mainz
1582–1601 		Johann Adam von Bicken
personal data
SURNAME Dalberg, Wolfgang X. von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dalberg, called Wolfgang von, Chamberlain of Worms (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, and Arch Chancellor of the Holy Roman Empire (1582–1601)
DATE OF BIRTH 1537
DATE OF DEATH April 5, 1601
Place of death Aschaffenburg