Adolf of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (1423–1475)

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Grave slab depicting the dead Adolf II in Eberbach Monastery
Coat of arms of the Archbishop of Mainz

Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (* around 1423; † September 6, 1475 in Eltville ) was as Adolf II between 1461 and 1475 elector and archbishop of Mainz .

He was born around 1423 as the son of Count Adolf II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and Margarete von Baden.

When he was elected Archbishop of Mainz in 1459 by the Mainz Cathedral Chapter, Adolf initially narrowly defeated his opponent Diether von Isenburg . However, Diether was deposed by Pope Pius II two years later because of his opposition to the church and the emperor . At the same time, the Pope installed Adolf von Nassau as the new archbishop. Since the city and cathedral chapter continued to support Diether, Adolf had to force himself through.

The devastating, bloody and costly Mainz collegiate feud lasted a year and reached its climax on October 28, 1462, when Adolf's troops invaded Mainz, killing about 500 people and driving another 400 from the city. But the beaten diether did not resign until another year later; in the peace of Zeilsheim he renounced the Mainz ore chair and was resigned to a principality consisting mainly of the cities of Höchst , Steinheim and Dieburg and a considerable sum of money.

Adolf II allowed himself from the citizens of Mainz all since the great freedom of Siegfried III. Handing over the privileges granted by Eppstein and thus ended the existence of the Free City of Mainz .

In 1470 Adolf II ordered the expulsion of all Jews from the Mainz archbishopric.

In 1470 Archbishop Adolf II took over the management of the Roman chancellery from Emperor Friedrich III. and now stayed mainly at the imperial court.

During the Burgundian Wars , Archbishop Adolf II, together with Albrecht Achilles von Brandenburg, was entrusted by the Kaiser with the establishment of an imperial army and moved to the Lower Rhine with the Kaiser and other imperial princes to repel the siege of Neuss .

The archbishop probably commissioned a pontifical around 1470 , which was painted by the so-called workshop of the Giant Mainz Bible and had close ties to the circle of so-called masters of the house book .

Adolf von Nassau died in 1475 and was buried in the basilica of the Eberbach monastery in the Rheingau . Diether von Isenburg became his successor.

literature

Web links

Commons : Archbishop Adolf II of Mainz  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Dobras: Mainz around 1500. The change from the free to the residence and university city . In: Jörg Rogge (ed.), Handing down - conveying - applying. For dealing with knowledge in late medieval and early modern cities. Berlin 2008, pp. 21–44, here p. 26. Petra Ehm: Burgundy and the Empire. Late medieval foreign policy using the example of the government of Charles the Bold (1465-1477) . New York 2002.
  2. ↑ Today Aschaffenburg, Court Library Ms. 12. In addition: Elgin Vaassen: The workshop of the Giant Mainz Bible in Würzburg and its surroundings . In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens 13 (1972/73), columns 1121–1428, here columns 1209–1212 and 1303–1345.
predecessor Office successor
Diether von Isenburg Elector Archbishop of Mainz
1461–1475 		Diether von Isenburg
personal data
SURNAME Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adolf II of Nassau
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Mainz
DATE OF BIRTH around 1423
DATE OF DEATH September 6, 1475
Place of death Eltville