Gottfried Küssel

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Gottfried Küssel (2008)

Gottfried Heinrich Küssel (born September 10, 1958 in Vienna ) is an Austrian Holocaust denier , right-wing extremist publicist and key figure in the Austrian and German neo-Nazi scene . He was best known for his leadership of the “ People's Loyal Extra-Parliamentary Opposition ” (VAPO) and, among other things, was sentenced to eleven years imprisonment for being re-employed by the National Socialists . Küssel was arrested again on April 11, 2011 in connection with the investigation into the right-wing extremist website Alpen-Donau.info on suspicion of crimes under Sections 3a ff. Prohibition Act and the offense of hate speech. The subsequent trial resulted in a guilty verdict and a prison sentence of seven years and nine months.

Life

Küssel's father was court advisor to the Lower Austrian provincial government and ÖVP council in Reichenau an der Rax .

Gottfried Küssel married his wife Karin while he was in prison. In 1991, Küssel was banned from entering Germany. After his release from prison in 1999, he and his partner ran a “national organic shop” under the name Naturnah in Untere Donaustraße in Vienna's Leopoldstadt . The business is no longer entered in the commercial register.

ideology

The newspaper Falter reported that Küssel had already bought a copy of Hitler's book Mein Kampf at the age of 14 . He later described himself in an interview with Michael Schmidt in the award-winning documentary Today the road belongs to us ... as a National Socialist and repeated this statement in 1990 in an interview with ORF magazine ZickZack :

“I'm not a fascist. I am a socialist, but not an international socialist, I am a national socialist. "

- Gottfried Küssel

In 1980 Küssel ran for the FPÖ and against his father for the local council of his home town. In the same year and the following year he was also the editor of the right-wing extremist magazine Halt , in which Gerd Honsik also published.

Küssel is considered an anti-Semite and an advocate of Pan-Germanism . In 1986, on the occasion of the exhibition Die Welt der Anne Frank in Vienna, he distributed leaflets in which Anne Frank's diary was described as a "lie" invented by Jews and a "forgery against the German people". The intervention of the police was prevented by the instruction of a state police officer . In an interview with a US broadcaster, Küssel said about Austria:

"We will smash this state."

- Gottfried Küssel

First convictions

Gottfried Küssel was condemned for the first time in 1983/84 for re-activating the Nazis . In 1990 he was sentenced to another conditional prison sentence for property damage.

Rise in the neo-Nazi scene

links

Küssel began his career in the right-wing extremist milieu in 1976 in the “Aktion Neuerechte” (New Right). This emerged primarily as a neo-Nazi student movement. Küssel also belonged to the German national academic gymnastics association Danubo Markomannia in Vienna, at that time still in the Sudeten German Association of Student Corporations, and had contacts with the Ring of Freedom Students . According to his own statements, he has been a member of the NSDAP organizational structure founded by Gary Lauck since 1977 . From 1981 to 1983 Küssel was active in the football hooligan scene in Vienna, where he tried in vain to gain the lead over the extreme supporters of the Rapid football club . In 1982 he became the leader of the people's movement and in 1984 a member of the " National Front (NF)". He was also active in the “Kameradschaft Babenberg” and the “People's Socialist Party” (VSP). Küssel took part in the annual meeting of the Ulrichsberg Community in Carinthia several times , had contacts with the Association of Free Youth and attended commemorative events in honor of the National Socialist and fighter pilot Walter Nowotny . He was also in contact with Karl-Heinz Hoffmann , the head of the Hoffmann military sports group , which was banned in 1980 . There are close ties in particular to Hans Jörg Schimanek jun. and Franz Radl , both exponents of the neo-Nazi scene in Austria. He is also said to have been present at meetings with British Holocaust denier David Irving . In the opening scene of the documentary film Truth makes free by Michael Schmidt 1991 about the neo-Nazi Bela Ewald Althans and the Holocaust denier meeting he organized, Gottfried Küssel plays the guitar and sings an anti-Semitic song that glorifies the Holocaust. Küssel also has close ties to right-wing groups in Germany, particularly in Saxony.

Küssel's activities increasingly shifted to Germany, especially after reunification. The newspaper "Falter" reported that he had obtained an off-road vehicle from the disbanded National People's Army in East Germany , attached the Reich war flag to it and led his followers to the former Sachsenhausen concentration camp .

“Outside, in front of the gate, they set up a wooden marterl, a small memorial - not for the murdered Jews, but for SS men who were shot by Soviet soldiers when the concentration camp was liberated. 'There were gas chambers, but not for the extermination of people, but for delousing,' he said in an interview with the Standard. He was also in the Theresienstadt concentration camp and 'laughed a lot' there. "

- Moth

After Michael Kühnen's arrest in 1990, Küssel took over the planning of the “ German Alternative ” party congress in Cottbus . Kühnen appointed him "Area Manager Ostmark" at a meeting in Frankfurt-Höchst in 1987. As a result he tried to take over the leadership of the neo-Nazi network. Here, however, he encountered strong resistance from the leadership of the German neo-Nazi scene. Together with Günther Reinthaler , he used the corner house in Berlin-Lichtenberger Weitlingstrasse, which was inhabited by neo-Nazis and which was given to the group by the municipal housing administration (KWV) in exchange for a previously occupied house on Tuchollaplatz . It was the Nazi center of Berlin during the fall of the Wall. After an attack by the neo-Nazis on the Kunsthaus Tacheles in 1990, the artists organized a conversation with Bärbel Bohley and Nazi leaders from Weitlingstrasse, including Küssel and Reinthaler, which was prevented. Küssel took part in various revisionist meetings abroad and also gave lectures there. In 1991 Küssel was banned from entering Germany , but this did not prevent him from participating in a neo-Nazi demonstration in Dresden that same year . Together with Günther Reinthaler, he also attended Michael Kühnen's funeral. He was the secretary and treasurer of the Vienna Academic Holiday Association , which held, among other things, a “Reichswaffentag” and a “Good Friday stilt meal”. In 2002, information became public that the internationally active right-wing extremist group Blood and Honor should have turned to Küssel in order to set up a "branch" in the Austrian capital. In 2009 he took part in an FPÖ event that was scheduled to replace the Ulrichsberg meeting.

Military sports exercises

In the 1990s, Küssel began to hold so-called military sports exercises with other like-minded comrades in the Langenlois area . There is a video of one of these events that shows Küssel and other - sometimes masked - members of the right-wing extremist scene and later made it public, where it sparked discussions. The later FPÖ chairman Heinz-Christian Strache also took part in one of the meetings . In connection with the publication of photos that showed Strache in camouflage clothing during this exercise, Lutz Weinzinger, then MP for the National Council and Upper Austrian FPÖ leader, called Küssel an “idiot” because he assumed he had launched the photos. When this turned out to be incorrect, he sent a declaration of honor to him in which he explained his motives for the statement made. When asked by the daily Der Standard whether Küssel had threatened a lawsuit, Weinzinger replied:

“No, not at all, I simply made an assertion that was not true. As a man of honor who does not mess with any other man of honor in his honor, I knew what was right. "

- Lutz Weinzinger

VAPO

Ideological orientation

In 1986 Gottfried Küssel founded the People's Loyalty Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (VAPO). The VAPO organized rallies and military sports exercises . It was one of the most radical and thus, for later groups, one of the most influential neo-Nazi groups in Austria.

“VAPO had its own regulars' table in Vienna and celebrated Hitler's 102nd birthday in a back room near Gmunden. In September 1990 Küssel and his comrades demonstrated quite legally in St. Pölten. 'Now we have regained the road,' he cheered at the time. "

- Moth

In an interview that he conducted on December 1, 1991 in Langenlois with the German television station Tele 5 , Küssel advocated "approval of the NSDAP as an electoral party". After further neo-Nazi statements to US broadcasters, he was arrested in January 1992 and charged with Nazi re-engagement. In an interview recorded in Austria he had told the TV company ABC among other things:

“Adolf Hitler was one of the greatest men in the history of Germany, especially in the history of the 20th century [...] he lost and with him all of Germany lost World War II, but the ideology was very good and it was an extremely national ideology and I think that she is good for the whole wide world [...] he gave the German nation a new rise, and he gave it the majority in its own country, and that is very necessary for its own identity. "

- Gottfried Küssel

When asked if he believed that the Holocaust took place, Küssel said: "No, there were concentration camps, but there was never any organized killing or organized gassing." When asked whether he was a racist, he replied: “Of course I am, yes.” Küssel complained against the length of his custody, as he saw his basic right to personal freedom restricted. The complaint was initially upheld by the Vienna Higher Regional Court, but the Supreme Court subsequently rejected it. The indictment accused Küssel of having

"In 1986 a connection, namely the People's Loyal Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (VAPO), whose purpose is to undermine the autonomy and independence of the Republic of Austria through the activities of its members in the National Socialist sense, was founded [...] on the occasion of the founding of the Kameradschaft Gmunden on 20 April 1991 in Baumgarten, Gmunden district, as a speaker outlined the goals of the 'VAPO' and declared that in about 10 years' time he wanted to rename the 'VAPO' to 'NSDAP' and that he was also planning to go to parliament and the 'NSDAP' subsequently to come to power; should this not be possible with legal means, then he will try to overthrow the Austrian government with a coup, to shut down the constitutional institutions and to seize power in Austria; "

- Supreme Court

The VAPO process

Due to his statements and activities within the framework of the VAPO, Küssel was finally sentenced to ten years imprisonment in the first instance in a jury trial for the crime of National Socialist re-employment under the Prohibition Act . However, after hearing the General Procuratorate, the Supreme Court partially overturned the judgment in 1994 because of the lack of legal information given to the jury and referred the case back to the first instance for retrial, which again sentenced Küssel, this time to eleven years in prison. In the course of the proceedings relating to the VAPO, other people from the right-wing extremist camp were also accused and convicted of re-employment. Since the VAPO neither kept lists of members nor was officially registered, but saw itself as a fundamental opposition, it went down de facto with the arrest and conviction of its leading exponents. After Küssel was sentenced, various neo-Nazi groups formed "solidarity committees" and demanded his release. However, they stopped their work after a few years. The German neo-Nazi Thomas Brehl wrote to the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance about an allegedly planned expression of solidarity:

"Such an event is not planned, our initiative has stopped all public relations work for comrade Gottfried Küssel, none of our measures [...] could not contribute to his early release, on the contrary, it seems reasonable to assume that our (public) activities would be counterproductive and the chance for Gottfried Küssel to be released early after two-thirds of his sentence would rather reduce than promote it. Since our initiative is not an end in itself, it was not only necessary to cease activities, it was also a first comrade duty! "

- Thomas Brehl

In the summer of 1999, he was released early from prison for good conduct.

After release from prison

Return to the neo-Nazi scene

During a routine assignment in the Fritz-Stüber-Heim of the Working Group for Democratic Politics (AFP) on the occasion of a meeting of 50 right-wing extremists, the police also met Küssel and his former VAPO deputy Gerd Endres . Relevant right-wing extremist propaganda material was found during the subsequent search. In the years after his release from prison, Küssel became active again in the right-wing scene in order - according to the Austrian Office for the Protection of the Constitution - "to recruit young people". According to the documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance (DÖW), he took part in a solstice celebration in 2001 by the right-wing extremist “ Österreichischen Landsmannschaft ” (ÖLM) and the “Wiener Korporationsring” (WKR). In 2006 he was a participant in a “fraternity palm memorial service” organized by FPÖ mandate Lutz Weinzinger in Braunau am Inn. The DÖW also reports on appearances “at the graves of the (neo) Nazi 'heroes' Walter Nowotny (2004, 2008) and Otto Skorzeny (2006), at the summer festival of the neo-Nazi Association of Free Youth (BFJ, 2007), at the' Festival der Völker 'in Jena (2007) and on the' Anti-War Day 'in Dortmund (2008, 2010). "

Lecture activities

Since 2007, Küssel has increasingly appeared as a participant and speaker at right-wing extremist events and marches, including the Europe-wide neo-Nazi meeting Fest der Völker on September 8, 2007 in Jena, the neo-Nazi so-called "Anti-War Day 2008" in Dortmund or the neo-Nazi May 1 Parade in Brno, Czech Republic, where 650 neo-Nazis from several countries came together. Brigitte Bailer-Galanda , head of the documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance, describes him as a sought-after speaker on the neo-Nazi scene. Küssel is also a member and secretary of the right-wing extremist Viennese academic holiday association Das Reich . On June 6, 2009, Küssel spoke to the “Free Forces” in Leipzig and complained about the “genocide of the German nationality in Austria”, since only 4.3% of Austrians saw themselves as Germans. At the beginning of 2011, Gottfried Küssel was announced as one of the speakers in a planned neo-Nazi demonstration "Stop Foreign Workers Invasion - Jobs First for Germans" on May 1, 2011 in Heilbronn, which is being organized by the Young National Democrats and the regional neo-Nazi scene. However, the meeting was banned by the German authorities.

Renewed convictions

Illegal gun possession

On February 16, 2005, Gottfried Küssel was sentenced to a fine of 360 euros by the appeals panel in the Vienna Regional Court for illegally possessing weapons . The appeals he lodged were rejected and the first-instance penalty (120 euros) increased. The prosecutor demanded imprisonment for the weapons found in Küssel's apartment during a search in September 2002 (two Indian daggers, three bayonets) and also in view of Küssel's previous convictions and repeated violations of his conditions. During the search of a was SS - Ehrendolch with the inscription " My honor is loyalty ," the motto of the SS, was found, which was not classified as a weapon in the process as a decorative item and. Since a gun ban had been imposed over Küssel since 1982, a conviction came about.

Pub fights

In the summer of 2010, Küssel was noticed when he was seen in a fight between fraternity members in a red-light restaurant in Vienna together with the chief secretary from Heinz-Christian Strache's office. On October 17, 2010, Gottfried Küssel was interrogated again by the police after he had previously shouted Nazi slogans in a bar with three comrades, showed the Hitler salute and hit the Venezuelan bar owner.

"Alpen-Donau.info"

Investigations

As early as July 2010, Küssel was associated with the neo-Nazi website Alpen-Donau.info , which had been in operation since April 2009. The news magazine profil reported at the time:

“After analyzing the entries on the“ Alpen-Donau ”homepage, which give Küssel's appearances a great deal of space, the documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance (DÖW) suspects that neo-Nazis around Küssel and activists of the now disbanded“ Bund Freier Jugend ”, the for a while in the ranks of the FPÖ youth drove mischief, could be involved. "

- Profile

Finally, on October 30, 2010, the largest police action against the neo-Nazi scene in Austria since the 1990s took place in connection with the investigation into the website. A total of 18 apartments were searched in several federal states and computers, laptops, memory cards, cell phones, rifles, ammunition, knives and brass knuckles, as well as Nazi devotional items were seized. One of the house searches took place at Gottfried Küssel's house. The website had also published information about Küssel's lecturing activities. In connection with the website, an informant from the Abwehramt had already drawn the protection of the Constitution to Küssel and the “Bund Freier Jugend” (BFJ) in April 2009. In connection with the investigation, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and the Fight against Terrorism (BVT) was repeatedly exposed to criticism that it had been infiltrated by moles from the neo-Nazi scene. The "profile" published a report on November 13, 2010, which stated, among other things:

"The son of an official of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, who was only transferred to another agency in the summer of 2010, made a pilgrimage to Ulrichsberg in 2009 in army uniform with Küssel and Schimanek junior [...] , an action that Alpen-Donau had also called for."

- Profile

arrest

In connection with the investigation into “Alpen-Donau.info”, Küssel was finally found and arrested on the evening of April 11, 2011 by the Cobra commando with other people from the neo-Nazi scene during a renewed house search. The arrest was preceded by months of investigations by the BVT and an instruction from the Minister of Justice at the time, Claudia Bandion-Ortner , in which she had set the responsible public prosecutor's office a deadline to complete the investigation. On the part of the investigating authorities, however, a connection between the instruction and the police action was denied. Access had been planned for a long time. During the house search accompanying Küssel's arrest, “documents, computers and data carriers, weapons and Nazi devotional items” were also confiscated. As a result, on April 14, 2011, at the request of the public prosecutor, Küssel was placed in custody. He is accused of being re-engaged in National Socialism and hatred. On December 12, 2011, the Vienna Public Prosecutor brought the indictment against him.

Solidarity actions

On the same evening, 30 German neo-Nazis protested against Küssel's imprisonment in Dortmund. On April 13, several neo-Nazis demonstrated against his arrest in front of the Austrian consulate in Munich and organized a “solidarity vigil”. A neo-Nazi internet mail order company produced "Solidarity stickers for Gottfried" with the promise to donate part of the proceeds to Küssels' expected litigation costs. On April 20 - Hitler's birthday - the incriminated website went online again and also published protests against the arrest. On April 30, the police removed two posters on the B37 near Gneixendorf demanding Küssel's release. In Amstetten at the end of May 2011, alluding to Küssel's arrest, posters with the inscription “Let our comrades go!” Were put up in various public places, causing property damage of several thousand euros. Previously, 17 similar subjects had been removed in Melk. As a result, the Lower Austrian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Combating Terrorism started investigations against unknown persons. In the course of an anti-EU demonstration on October 22nd, a political group known as the “Austrian Citizens' Party” and supported by former FPÖ member of parliament Werner Königshofer , issued leaflets calling for the release of Küssel and other exponents of the right-wing extremist scene . In November 2011, leaflets with the inscription "Freedom for Küssel!" Were finally deposited in the post boxes of the Karl-Marx-Hof in Vienna .

process

The trial, which was originally scheduled for May 14, 2012, had to be postponed to May 21, because not enough jurors had appeared to be able to conduct the trial. At the beginning of the trial, the defense filed another motion for adjournment in order to be able to examine the jury list, but this was rejected. However, the court gave the lawyers a break. The public prosecutor began his plea by describing the illegal character of the incriminated website alpen-donau.info and the associated forum alinfodo.com. He then submitted emails as evidence of Küssel's clientele.

On January 10, 2013, the verdict was finally passed in the criminal proceedings at the Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters , in which Küssel was sentenced to nine years imprisonment for being re-employed by the National Socialists within the meaning of the Prohibition Act. The International Federation of Resistance Fighters (FIR) - Association of Antifascists, the umbrella organization of organizations of former partisans, resistance fighters, those persecuted by the Nazi regime and anti-fascists of today's generations from 25 countries in Europe and Israel, welcomed the verdict against Gottfried Küssel, Felix B. and Wilhelm A. who were accused of having violated the Act on Prohibition of Re-Activation on the neo-Nazi website alpen-donau.info (ADI) or the associated forum alinfodo.com (ADF). The Supreme Court ruled on January 15, 2014 that Küssel had been rightly convicted of being re-employed by the National Socialists; however, he reduced the sentence to seven years and nine months.

Return of devotional objects

When he was arrested in 2011, a bust of Hitler and related literature were confiscated. In the course of the proceedings that led to his conviction for National Socialist re-employment in 2013, the Vienna Regional Criminal Court did not order the confiscation of the objects, nor did they reserve the right to do so. Küssel demanded the return of the things in 2016, which was rejected by the regional court. In July 2017, however, the Vienna Higher Regional Court ruled in favor of the return, as the Regional Court in 2013 erroneously failed to decide on it or to reserve the decision.

Imprisonment and release January 2019

Küssel has had a job in a company since the beginning of 2017 and worked as an outdoor worker until the end. Outside of his working hours, Küssel was in custody, a conditional early release was refused, and Küssel did not take up the suggestion of an electronic ankle cuff . Küssel was released on Friday, January 11, 2019.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - functionaries, activists and ideologues of the right-wing extremist scene in Austria (PDF; 1.6 MB), p. 53.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g orf.at - Küssel: key figure in the Nazi scene
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g The press - Küssel: key figure in the neo-Nazi scene
  4. ↑ NÖ Pressehaus Druck- und VerlagsgmbH: Die neue NÖN, Pielachtal edition . Issue No. 3 from January 14, 1992, p. 5.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Falter - Old Acquaintances ( Memento from November 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ The Standard - "Gottfried Küssel is a pleasant client"
  7. ↑ Küssel's wife for re-engagement in court , Wiener Zeitung , November 11, 1998
  8. ^ Austrian neo-Nazi Küssel sentenced to nine years in prison. ( Memento of February 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) europe online magazine, accessed on June 23, 2017
  9. ↑ The standard - 'Strong chain of evidence' against Gottfried Küssel
  10. ↑ a b c The press - imprisonment imposed: The activities of Gottfried Küssel
  11. ↑ Michael Schmidt: Today we own the street. The inside report from the neo-Nazi scene . Düsseldorf / Vienna 1993, p. 61.
  12. ↑ Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance - Anne Frank ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.xn--dw-fka.at
  13. ↑ DANUBO. Retrieved April 15, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Heribert Schiedel : The right edge. Extremist sentiments in our society . Vienna 2007, p. 228.
  15. ^ Völkischeverbindungen, contributions to the German national corporation system in Austria. ISBN 978-3-200-01522-7 , p. 63.
  16. ↑ a b c d e Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - people loyal to extra-parliamentary opposition (VAPO)
  17. ↑ a b c d The standard - the military athlete with the brown heart
  18. ^ Völkischeverbindungen, contributions to the German national corporation system in Austria. ISBN 978-3-200-01522-7 , p. 78.
  19. ^ Völkischeverbindungen, contributions to the German national corporation system in Austria. ISBN 978-3-200-01522-7 , p. 67.
  20. ↑ antifaeuskirchen1977: truth makes free - documentary about neo-Nazis and Holocaust deniers, Germany 1991, 101 min. June 6, 2011, accessed April 15, 2018 .
  21. ↑ a b Der Standard - deeply rooted in the German scene
  22. ↑ a b Tobias Haas: Gottfried Küssel and VAPO - the BFJ also has its role models. ( Memento of the original from May 29, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sjoe.at
  23. ^ Völkischeverbindungen, contributions to the German national corporation system in Austria. ISBN 978-3-200-01522-7 , p. 63.
  24. ↑ Clemens Höges: Youth: "With the fist in the face" . In: Der Spiegel . tape February 9 , 1994 ( spiegel.de [accessed April 15, 2018]).
  25. ↑ Kunsthaus Tacheles: Press Archive | Kunsthaus Tacheles. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 22, 2018 ; Retrieved April 15, 2018 (American English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kunsthaus-tacheles.de
  26. ^ Völkischeverbindungen, contributions to the German national corporation system in Austria. ISBN 978-3-200-01522-7 , p. 63.
  27. ↑ The Standard - Excitement Among Men of Honor
  28. ↑ a b c d OGH - reference number 13Os41 / 93 (13Os42 / 93, 13Os43 / 93, 13Os44 / 93, 13Os45 / 93, 13Os46 / 93)
  29. ↑ Supreme Court - Annual number 13Os4 / 94
  30. ↑ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - the end of the Küssel solidarity?
  31. ↑ a b c Profile - Protected Radicals: Neo-Nazi homepage "Alpen-Donau"
  32. ↑ a b Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - Gottfried Küssel arrested
  33. ↑ Mathias Brodkorb : "Heil Deutschland, Heil Europa" - Festival of the Nations in Jena ( Memento of the original from October 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , endstation-rechts.de, September 9, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.endstation-rechts.de
  34. ↑ dokmz.wordpress.com ( Memento of the original dated May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dokmz.wordpress.com
  35. ↑ dokmz.wordpress.com ( Memento of the original dated May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dokmz.wordpress.com
  36. ↑ a b "Now you have to find the backers"
  37. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stopptdierechten.at
  38. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - Küssel and Schimanek among German neo-Nazis
  39. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dokmz.wordpress.com
  40. ↑ a b Profile - The Alpine Nazi Saga
  41. ^ Profile - FPÖ: Wild fight at a party of the Silesia fraternity
  42. ↑ oe24.at: Big blow against neo-Nazi scene. Retrieved April 12, 2011
  43. ↑ Documentation archive - collection of articles ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dokmz.wordpress.com
  44. ↑ orf.at - neo-Nazi Küssel arrested in Vienna
  45. ↑ Der Standard - custody imposed on Küssel
  46. ↑ The indictment against Küssel is ready
  47. ↑ orf.at - neo-Nazi website Alpen-donau online again
  48. ↑ "Freedom for Küssel" demanded on posters
  49. ↑ orf.at - Excitement about “right-wing” posters in Amstetten
  50. ↑ Der Standard - right-wing extremist support for anti-EU demonstration on Saturday
  51. ↑ The standard jury was absent, the Küssel trial adjourned
  52. ↑ Der Standard - Again vortex around jurors at Küssel trial
  53. ↑ Manfred Seeh: Nine years imprisonment for Gottfried Küssel . Article on DiePresse.com from January 10, 2013.
  54. ↑ Fédération Internationale des Résistants (FIR) - Association Antifasciste, press release from January 11, 2013
  55. ↑ Supreme Court confirms detention for Küssel and lowers penalties , derstandard.at, January 15, 2014; Mitigation of detention for neo-Nazi leader Küssel , abendblatt.de, January 15, 2014
  56. ↑ Küssel receives Nazi devotional items back orf.at, July 24, 2017, accessed January 5, 2019.
  57. ↑ Der Standard - right-wing extremist Gottfried Küssel is free , January 11, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Küssel, Gottfried
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Küssel, Gottfried Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian right-wing extremist
DATE OF BIRTH September 10, 1958
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna