League of free youth

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Logo of the Association of Free Youth

The Federation of Free Youth (BfJ) was an Austrian right-wing extremist youth organization with a ethnic orientation. It was the youth organization of the Working Group for Democratic Politics (AFP) and its main focus was in Upper Austria . According to the 2006 report on the Protection of the Constitution, the activities of the Federation of Free Youth played a central role in the development of right-wing extremism in Austria .

The League of Free Youth differed from the skinhead subculture both in their outward appearance (sometimes in traditional costume) and in their self-image and through an emphatically ethnic blood-and-soil ideology . He saw himself as a “contact point for young people - who still want to defend themselves” - and organized social activities such as solstice celebrations , distributed leaflets and organized training courses, lectures and trips to demonstrations .

overview

The parent organization of the BfJ, the Working Group for Democratic Politics , was founded in 1963 and is located on the border between right-wing extremism and neo-Nazism. It concentrates on “ideological-cultural work with a decidedly right-wing extremist tendency”. The AFP youth group initially called itself AFP-Jugend and in 2001 published the first issue of their magazine Jugend Echo . In January 2003 it changed its name to the Union of Free Youth . Within a short time, around 50 neo-Nazis gathered in the greater Linz area. In the 2006 National Council election , the BFJ supported the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), but soon after accused it of moving away from “people-loyal ideas”. At the lower level, through the Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend Österreich , there were also contacts and individual personal overlaps.

At its events, the BfJ regularly acted in a conspiratorial manner to mislead the security authorities and possible counter-demonstrators. He also appeared as an action for a secure future , as a citizens' initiative “We are the people” or as a young action . The Viennese part of the group also used the name Jugendkreis Hagen for some time . The DÖW suspects that activists of the Federation of Free Youth were significantly involved in the operation of the neo-Nazi website alpen-donau.info , which was active from March 2009 to the end of 2011 . The BfJ was one of the most active right-wing extremist groups in Austria around 2006 and was networked with various similar groups in Austria and Germany. There is evidence that he was financially supported by older AFP activists. While the BfJ was described in the 2007 report for the protection of the constitution as the “most active carrier of right-wing extremist ideas” of the previous year, it has not appeared in the reports for the protection of the constitution since 2008. In 2015, the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance wrote that the BfJ as such no longer exists, although its activists continued to be active in the field.

According to the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance , some members of " Object 21 " also belonged to the BFJ.

Own representation

The League of Free Youth sees itself as "hard" and "abhor [...] an effeminate good life". According to the chairman of the BFJ, Rene Hönig, the federal government was founded as an "alternative to the decadent fun society" in order to convey "values ​​that are true to the people again" to the youth. The two main fields of activity of the BfJ are politics and youth work. Politically, he wants to counteract “the dictatorial claim to power of the 'politically correct' and the decomposition of identity and our culture”; In youth work, he wants to keep his “own culture” alive “through annual celebrations and traditionally designed festivals” and through “[a] alternative leisure time activities and educational work”, he wants to “develop young people's personality”. Hönig sees the combination of the two fields as the BfJ's recipe for success. "For various organizational, legal, political reasons" the BfJ has no official members; instead he has “independent, free, democracy and people-conscious comrades-in-arms” who work on a voluntary basis. On their website are the mottos “determined - cheeky - determined” and “for the people and the country”.

The BfJ emphasizes being a movement and puts action at the center. Everyone is welcome regardless of their past or profession; Comradeship is a key value. They see the discussions in national internet forums as unrealistic and not “useful for a national struggle”, instead they demand “public education through active propaganda work” on the street.

Representation of the protection of the constitution

The Federation of Free Youth has been the subject of state police investigations since it was founded in 2003 . The group and its exponents have been known to the security authorities since the beginning of their activities as carriers of right-wing extremist ideas. According to the 2006 report on the Protection of the Constitution, the activities of the Federation of Free Youth play a central role in the development of right-wing extremism in Austria. The BfJ is the only Austrian right-wing extremist youth organization to have a “solid structure and tight leadership”. Because of its “good contacts to all major scene areas”, the BfJ could bring the right-wing extremist scene in Austria closer together across age and ideological differences. This justifies "an increased danger emanating from this group for public peace, order and security."

He operates a "continuous and consistent recruiting strategy". “From a political and ideological point of view” - following the example of the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD), with which there are close contacts - “the long-term goal is to consolidate ideology, develop ideologically trained cadres and establish political positions.” “The activities of the BfJ point out that this personal connection strives for a leading role in the medium and long term as the bearer, sustainer and disseminator of right-wing extremist ideas in Austria. ”In the 2007 report on the protection of the constitution, the establishment of the BfJ is described as a successful attempt to change generations in the right-wing extremist scene. In public, the BfJ tries to present itself as a “harmless youth group with close ties to their home country”; However, he is an important carrier and sustained by right-wing extremist ideas in Austria. The core of the organization would have consisted of around 15 people in 2006, and around 60 people could have been regularly mobilized for events.

The logo of the Association of Free Youth has a shape reminiscent of a coat of arms. There is a blue cornflower under the abbreviation of the organization name in broken letters . The cornflower was the hallmark of the NSDAP during its ban under Austrofascism .

activities

The activities of the Federation of Free Youth can be roughly divided into a political and a (counter) cultural area; they covered the following areas:

  1. Training of activists: With group meetings, reading circles, book tables and the like, members should be politically trained and ideologically strengthened.
  2. Cultural activities: The worldview was also consolidated through folk-cultural activities such as solstice celebrations and hikes to places of worship.
  3. Strengthening the sense of community: Joint activities such as meeting in one's own “national youth club”, hikes, ski trips and tent camps should strengthen the community.
  4. Public relations: The members should be trained, new members won and the population informed about the BfJ's views by means of public relations. For this purpose, the BfJ published the magazine Jugend Echo , distributed leaflets, posted posters and held smaller rallies.

The training concept of the BfJ was geared more towards cadre training than towards the formation of a mass base. For a long time there was no youth organization in Austria that could regularly train young right-wing activists outside the student fraternity spectrum and the ring of liberal youth in political and ideological terms. The BfJ filled this gap.

"Germanic customs" were cultivated to convey a national counterculture. Midsummer celebrations , for example at the end of 2002 and mid-2003 with around 60 participants, were just as much a part of it as a “ceremony at the Dichterstein Offenhausen ”, hikes to places of worship with a tent camp, a youth poetry reading, a folk dance festival, “Ario-Germanic ball games” or a one-week trip to Romania with one Focus on Germans in Romania and a meeting with Romanian nationalists. Hikes and tent camps with activists from other organizations served to maintain contacts and were reminiscent of allied youth groups . Many joint activities also serve to strengthen the sense of community. In addition to the activities already mentioned, these include ski trips, carnival celebrations and “mulled wine magic”. For this purpose, the BfJ had a “home parlor” in the New World district of Linz and a home in Vienna- Ottakring .

In order to publicly disseminate his political content, he organized several small rallies in Upper Austria, for example against the Wehrmacht exhibition or against the EU's eastward expansion . In 2003 the BfJ tried in vain to take part in a demonstration against the Iraq war . In 2004 an approved demonstration against same-sex marriage was held in Steyr ; however, demonstrations and rallies were often prevented by the authorities. In order to circumvent these bans, some supposedly spontaneous city tours were organized in small Upper Austrian towns. In a decision of March 16, 2007, the Constitutional Court ruled that at a rally by the BfJ on March 18, 2006, “key words with a National Socialist character” were used.

Between the BFJ and the Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend , a youth organization of the FPÖ , there was always cooperation and mixing.

Day of Loyal Youth

The largest event of the Federation of Free Youth was the annual day of youth loyal to the people, organized from 2003 to 2007 (?) , To which neo-Nazis from abroad, especially from Germany, also come. In 2003 the “leading AFP ideologue” Konrad Windisch , Herbert Schweiger and Günter Rehak gave lectures. The cultural program consisted of a poetry reading, an amateur play by the loyal German youth and "freedom songs" by Jörg Hähnel . In 2004 around 100 people from Austria and Germany took part. A ceremony and the laying of a wreath at Offenhausner Dichterstein were followed by lectures by Lars Käppler and the former Wiking Youth official , Hartmut Wilhelm , as well as singing together. The meeting took place in 2005 at Schloss Hochscharten in Waizenkirchen and was dissolved for the first time this year by the security authorities. According to the report on the protection of the constitution, around 110 people took part, around 20 of them from Germany and 10 from Italy. In 2006, the day of youth loyal to the people took place in the form of demonstrations: in the morning a rally of the Witikobund was attended in Freistadt , then a demonstration took place in Ried im Innkreis, which was registered by the right-wing extremist Ludwig Reinthaler from Wels . Most recently, the Day of Loyal Youth was held in Sankt Johann im Pongau in 2007 , but immediately after Günter Rehak gave a presentation, the police disbanded and confiscated “relevant material”. As a result, the security authorities suspected that the BFJ was a neo-Nazi group, which led to the arrest of three leading activists (for details, see Legal Prosecution ).

The magazine Jugend Echo

The Federation of Free Youth published the magazine Jugend Echo , which is aimed specifically at young people and described itself as the “campaign pamphlet of national youth in Austria”. Even before the organization was renamed “Bund Freie Jugend”, it served as a mouthpiece for the “AFP-Jugend” and was published at least until mid-2003 with a monthly volume of four A4 pages. An analysis of the first 20 issues in 2003 revealed the following topics as focal points: “'Criticism of the system', the politics of the USA, the European Union, dealing with the Nazi past, migration , Germanic customs, 'freedom of expression' (Nazi Prohibition Act) and 'Anti-Antifa' ”. Later it appeared only about every quarter, but more extensive and in four colors. Since then, the layout has resembled that of the magazine of the Deutsche Volksgemeinschaft movement , to which there were also regular contacts, for example at demonstrations in Schwäbisch Hall and at the Youth Day .

The Federation of Free Youth stated two different goals for the youth echo . On the one hand, the magazine was intended to reach outsiders: "The population should be informed about national standpoints, grievances should be denounced and ethnic solutions pointed out." On the other hand, it should serve for internal communication: the newspaper should help young activists with the "inner [r] Conviction ”and the“ argumentative repartee ”sharpened. The goal is a “common, uniform worldview” in order to avoid “discussions about fundamental issues that hinder action”. The edition from August 2004 was confiscated because of the use of symbols of unconstitutional organizations in Bavaria. Markus Knoll, who was listed as publisher in the imprint of the Jugend Echos until 2005 , received an administrative fine for disseminating National Socialist ideas.

other activities

Individual BfJ activists conducted “ anti-antifa ” work less publicly ; often on other websites. Anti-fascist and left-wing groups are spied on, activists and demonstrators are photographed, and internet forums and websites such as Indymedia Austria are evaluated. The BfJ often called for participation in right-wing extremist demonstrations in Germany and also took part in them. The former website of the BfJ was removed from the search results by Google in Germany and Austria for legal reasons. It is currently no longer available, for more details see under web links .

Ideological background

Michael Gruber judges the orientation of the Federation of Free Youth more as a national blood-and-soil ideology and less as a racist worldview. So it is not the “white race” but the “German people” that are in the foreground. The BfJ sees itself in the tradition of the Bundische Jugend of the 1920s.

In a political science study from 2003, the Association of Free Youth was classified as right-wing extremist , but not neo-Nazi . Publications by the BfJ were evaluated for this purpose and it was established that the “textual restraint” could also only be tactical in order not to violate the Prohibition Act. A year later, the documentation archive of the Austrian resistance came to the conclusion that the BfJ "now seems to have left all tactical considerations of the Nazi Prohibition Act behind", and classified the organization as neo-Nazi. Heribert Schiedel also points this out to the initially cautious behavior of the authorities. The Austrian Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Counter Terrorism also unanimously rated the BfJ as right-wing extremist and neo-Nazi.

Analysis of a programmatic article

Valentin Kirisits comes to similar conclusions in a political science study. He compares the main features of the BfJ's ideology on the basis of the programmatic article The Path to the New Order - The Program of the National Movement by Herbert Schweiger in Jugend Echo 1/05 and other texts with the party program of the NSDAP of February 24, 1920 as well as passages from Hitler's Mein Kampf and sees "parallels and similarities both in terms of content and ideology". Kirisits emphasizes parallels in the following topics: the demand for a “German national unity”, a “confederation of European peoples” and for states that each comprise a people as a whole, the use of “natural laws” as a yardstick for all legislation, the demonization of money and interest , the emphasis on family policy to preserve the "biological substance of the people" without mixing, the promotion of the "natural social feeling" within the own people, commitment to a folk culture and way of life that has grown out of the peasant class and the understanding of the Military service as honorary service for “people and homeland”. When analyzing the website of the Federation of Free Youth, Kirisits noticed the following attitudes: anti-Americanism , the rejection of Turkey's accession to the European Union, the rejection of the multicultural society and the current political system, racism, the rejection of immigration and the demand for a “foreigner return ", The glorification of Wehrmacht soldiers and the questioning of the liberation from the National Socialist system in 1945. In conjunction with the report by Heinz Mayer from February 2005 (see below ), Kirisits certifies that the Federation of Free Youth" undoubtedly "has a right-wing extremist character and an ideological close relationship to National Socialism.

Analysis of the publications

A more extensive but older study includes a political science diploma thesis from 2003. In it, the author examines materials from the BfJ, in particular the first 20 issues of the magazine Jugend Echo up to July 2003, leaflets, e-mails and websites. The basic orientation of the BfJ is völkisch, accordingly belonging to "Germanness" plays a central role and is defined according to a blood-and-soil ideology via the descent. Citizenship is not a criterion for belonging to the "German people"; German Jews would be excluded from the " Volksgemeinschaft ".

In the cultural area, “Germanism” plays a major role, for example in the form of “Germanic” customs or “old German month names”. "Folk-loyal forces" should preserve popular culture as a "folk counterculture" to the mainstream. This is expressed, for example, in the fact that "national ballads" are preferred to right-wing rock at events organized by the BfJ . The topic of migration occupies a large area. Instead of a multicultural society , the new right concept of ethnopluralism is being propagated. As a justification, irreconcilable cultural differences are postulated and ethnically pure territories are demanded. Xenophobic stereotypes would be used and warned against "increasing foreign infiltration ", for example .

US politics are often the target of criticism, also in connection with the Iraq war : posters were posted in Linz and attempts were made to participate in an anti-war demonstration. "Certain powers" are responsible for the war in the USA. Parallels would be drawn to war crimes committed by the Allies in World War II and the number of victims would be falsified and offset against each other. The then forthcoming enlargement of the EU in 2004 would be rejected, especially the accession of the Czech Republic because of the Beneš decrees . An “EU dictatorship” is opposed to the new right notion of a “Europe of the peoples”.

Among historical themes, the expulsions at the end of World War II would be highlighted. May 8, 1945 is not perceived as the day of liberation. Rallies against the Wehrmacht exhibition would have been held and Wehrmacht soldiers “stylized into heroes without critical questioning”. The Nazi prohibition law and state repression against right-wing extremists would be fought. The BfJ took sides in the trials against the songwriter Frank Rennicke and the Landser music group , protesting against "conviction terror" and equating the German judiciary with a "gulag and shot in the neck of Stalin". The Austrian prohibition law is particularly criticized as a “path to dictatorship” and the ban on Holocaust denial is rejected. Sometimes conspiracy theories would be published that included coded anti-Semitism . For example, articles on the Middle East conflict are presented in a one-sided and simplistic way, and the subject of Judaism occupies a large area, often associated with latent anti-Semitism. An example of such a conspiracy theory is the representation that the Danube flood in 2002 could have been brought about with the help of weather-manipulating satellites in order to allow “ international high finance ” to benefit from it through loans for reconstruction.

The BfJ represented a “right-wing anti-capitalism” that contained coded anti-Semitic elements and was directed against “international corporations” and “high finance”. A distinction is made between “rubbing” and “creating” capital and slogans from left critics of globalization are adopted. Instead of globalization and a multicultural society, the BfJ wanted a folk-oriented community in which family, culture and business were promoted for the benefit of their own people. He lamented a lack of support for families and agitated against homosexuals. Daily political issues were discussed regularly, sometimes in a militant language.

According to the DOEW, in connection with the Iraq war in 2003, Jugend Echo spoke of a "small power clique" promoting the war and "blunt Zionist aggression". Alexander Brenner , the then chairman of the Jewish community in Berlin, was described as one of the "Israeli representatives in Germany".

Expert opinion from Heinz Mayer

In an expert report, the lawyer Heinz Mayer examined publications of the AFP and the Federation of Free Youth "against the yardstick of the prohibition law ". In it he comes to the conclusion that the Prohibition Act has been “clearly” violated several times. The summary says: “Obvious and disguised glorification of National Socialist ideas and measures, cynical denial of National Socialist measures of violence, inflammatory language with a clearly aggressive tone against foreigners, Jews and 'strangers' as well as a portrayal of 'the German' as a victim are typical and always recurring signals. The contributions in JUGEND ECHO are particularly aggressive. "

Legal prosecution

Because of the knowledge gained during the dissolution of the Day of People-Loyal Youth in 2007, the authorities' suspicion increased that the Federation of Free Youth is a neo-Nazi group. On March 20, 2007, three leading activists of the Association of Free Youth were arrested and house searches carried out. They are accused of violating the National Socialist Prohibition Act . The imposed pre-trial detention was extended several times because of the risk of offense and blackout . BfJ activists organized solidarity actions through concerts and leaflets. For right-wing extremism expert Wolfgang Purtscheller, the fact that the Federation of Free Youth has remained able to act despite the arrests shows "a new quality" compared to the situation of the right-wing scene after the extraparliamentary opposition was crushed . The arrest was taken as an opportunity in right-wing extremist circles to show solidarity with the three activists and to criticize the prohibition law once again, among others by the parent organization Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Demokratiepolitik , the national groups of the NPD in Saxony and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the Young National Democrats , the Danish National Socialist Movement , the aid organization for national political prisoners and their relatives , the Ring Freedom Youth Austria and in the magazine Zur Zeit . Several of these organizations speak in a joint declaration of “conviction terror” and a “Stalinist regime in Austria”, “the most unfree state in Europe today”.

After six months in prison, the three BFJ activists were released from custody on September 20, 2007. During the detention check it was decided that the seriousness of the suspicion was no longer in proportion to the length of detention. The trial against four BfJ activists and against Horst Ludwig, the chairman of the Working Group for Democratic Politics , began on May 14, 2008; the indictment was, among other things, violating Section 3a of the Prohibition Act. On November 5, 2008, all of the accused were finally acquitted, and the public prosecutor's office filed an appeal for annulment. On August 7, 2009, the responsible public prosecutor in Wels announced that the acquittals from the jury trial had been confirmed by the Supreme Court on appeal and thus became final.

literature

  • NN: Current development tendencies in the right-wing extremist scene in Austria. “Free Comradeships”, Blood & Honor, and the “League of Free Youth” . Anonymized diploma thesis, September 2003 (location: DÖW library , Vienna).
  • Valentin Kirisits: Right-wing extremism in Austria and how it is dealt with . Diploma thesis at the University of Vienna, October 2006.
  • Heribert Schiedel : Association of Free Youth (Austria) . In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus . Hostility to Jews in the past and present . Volume 5: Organizations, Institutions, Movements. On behalf of the Center for Research on Antisemitism at the Technical University of Berlin. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin a. a. 2012, ISBN 978-3-598-24078-2 , pp. 83-85.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ All of the evaluated sources agree, for example:
    Valentin Kirisits: Right-wing extremism in Austria, and how people act against it . Diploma thesis at the University of Vienna, October 2006, p. 124
    NN: Current development tendencies in the right-wing extremist scene in Austria. “Free Comradeships”, Blood & Honor, and the “League of Free Youth” . Anonymized diploma thesis, September 2003, p. 96, p. 101 (Location: Library of the DÖW , Vienna)
    Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Combating Terrorism : Constitutional Protection Report 2006 (PDF; 636 kB), p. 34f.
    DÖW : News from the far right. “A youth takes off!” January 2003
    Heribert Schiedel: The right edge. Extremist sentiments in our society. Edition Steinbauer, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902494-25-2 , p. 92ff.
  2. ↑ NN 2003, p. 121.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Fight against Terrorism : Report on the Protection of the Constitution 2006 (PDF, 624 kB), p. 34f.
  4. ↑ NN 2003, p. 96, p. 101.
  5. ^ Valentin Kirisits: Right-wing extremism in Austria, and how it is acted against . Diploma thesis at the University of Vienna, October 2006, p. 99f.
  6. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. “A youth takes off!” January 2003.
  7. ↑ Heribert Schiedel: The right edge. Extremist sentiments in our society. Edition Steinbauer, Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-902494-25-2 , p. 82.
  8. ^ DÖW (Ed.): Handbook of Austrian Right-Wing Extremism . 2nd Edition. Vienna 1993, p. 116. Quoted from: N. N. 2003, p. 96.
  9. ↑ Schiedel 2007 states that the AFP youth established itself at the beginning of 2002. (Schiedel 2007, p. 92).
  10. ↑ NN 2003, p. 143.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Schiedel 2007, p. 92ff.
  12. ↑ Schiedel 2007, pp. 149 f., 154, 157.
  13. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. Young freedom among neo-Nazis? July 2008.
  14. ↑ NN 2003, pp. 117f.
  15. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. Persecuted innocence. April 2005.
  16. ^ Socialist Youth Austria (ed.): Right-wing extremism ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) anyway Verlag, Vienna 2006, p. 25 (location: Library of the DÖW, Vienna).
  17. ↑ NN 2003, p. 100.
  18. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. Youth group Hagen on the net . February 2004.
  19. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. New neo-Nazi homepage. May 2009.
  20. ↑ NN 2003, p. 119f.
  21. ↑ a b Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Combating Terrorism : Report on the Protection of the Constitution 2006 (PDF, 624 kB), p. 50.
  22. ↑ a b Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Fight against Terrorism : Constitutional Protection Report 2007 (PDF; 1.25 MB), pp. 41, 49f.
  23. ↑ News from the far right - August 2015: Pro-Russian right-wing extremism. In: doew.at . Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  24. ^ Wiener Zeitung: Austria-wide neo-Nazi ring excavated: Strike against neo-Nazi scene. January 24, 2013.
  25. ^ BfJ: Conversation with Rene Hönig (BfJ chairman). "Be determined to continue this fight."  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bfj.de
  26. ^ BFJ website ( Memento of March 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 22, 2007.
  27. ↑ BfJ: Why a “national youth movement”? ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  28. ^ BfJ: Experiencing Comradeship ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), July 25, 2004.
  29. ^ BfJ: Pseudo-democratic discussion culture for national? ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  30. ↑ Interior Minister Liese Prokop : 2751 / AB XXII. GP - Query response (PDF; 16 kB), May 23, 2005.
  31. ↑ a b c N. N. 2003, p. 105.
  32. ↑ NN 2003, pp. 101f.
  33. ↑ NN 2003, pp. 102, 104.
  34. ↑ NN 2003, p. 102.
  35. ↑ NN 2003, p. 113f.
  36. ↑ NN 2003, p. 115.
  37. ↑ a b N. N. 2003, p. 109.
  38. ↑ NN 2003, p. 115f.
  39. ↑ NN 2003, p. 108 and p. 116.
  40. ↑ Finding of the VfGH reference number B 1954/06 , March 16, 2007, p. 3.
  41. ^ Comment by Heribert Schiedel on the RFJ 2008 .
  42. ↑ NN 2003, p. 117ff.
  43. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. BFJ invites again. February 2004.
  44. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. BFJ meeting in Wels. March 2004.
  45. ^ ORF : Neo-Nazis in Parliament's sights. May 11, 2006.
  46. ↑ Parliamentary inquiry from MPs Oberhaidinger and comrades to the Federal Minister of the Interior regarding neo-Nazi activities of the “Working Group for Democratic Politics” (AFP) and the “Federal Free Youth” (BFJ). April 26, 2006.
  47. ^ DÖW : Communications of the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance ( Memento of December 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 100 kB), Volume 176, April 2006, p. 6.
  48. ^ Die Presse : Right-wing extremist meeting in Salzburg dissolved. ( Memento from July 28, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) March 17, 2007.
  49. ↑ NN 2003, pp. 101 and 112.
  50. ↑ Front page of Jugend Echos 1/2005 ( Memento from August 2, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  51. ^ BfJ: Why a pamphlet of the national youth? ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ↑ a b DÖW : News from the far right. Youth Echo confiscated in Bavaria. August 2004.
  53. ^ DÖW : News from the far right - News from the Federation of Free Youth. March 2006.
  54. ↑ NN 2003, p. 116f.
  55. ↑ NN 2003, p. 119.
  56. ↑ Justification for removal based on Chilling Effects , July 1, 2005.
  57. ↑ Michael Gruber: the next generation . In: Green educational workshop (ed.): Planet ° - newspaper for political ecology . No. 47, winter 2006.
  58. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. As hard as Krupp steel? April 2005.
  59. ↑ Valentin Kirisits 2006, pp. 103ff.
  60. ↑ Valentin Kirisits 2006, p. 121ff.
  61. ↑ Valentin Kirisits 2006, p. 124.
  62. ↑ NN 2003, pp. 105f.
  63. ↑ NN 2003, p. 106.
  64. ↑ NN 2003, p. 106 f.
  65. ↑ NN 2003, p. 107.
  66. ↑ NN 2003, p. 108.
  67. ↑ a b N. N. 2003, p. 108f.
  68. ↑ NN 2003, p. 110f.
  69. ↑ NN 2003, p. 111.
  70. ↑ NN 2003, p. 112.
  71. ^ Anti-Semitic agitation of the Union of Free Youth. www.doew.at (March 2003).
  72. ↑ Legal opinion from o. Univ. Prof. DDr. Heinz Mayer on the “Working Group for Democratic Politics” (AFP) and the “Federation of Free Youth” (BfJ) ( Memento from August 2, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), February 3, 2005.
  73. ^ Upper Austrian news : Brown ringleaders in Wels custody. March 21, 2007, p. 26.
  74. ↑ a b DÖW : News from the far right. Strike against neo-Nazis. March 2007.
  75. ^ Upper Austrian news : Alleged neo-Nazis remain in custody. April 4, 2007, p. 24.
  76. ↑ Upper Austrian News : BFJ'ler post: Internet in prison questionable. July 10, 2007.
  77. ↑ Die Presse : How the brown scene forms. August 25, 2007.
  78. ^ ORF : Right-wing extremist scene is reorganizing. Three organizations in the inner circle ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , May 16, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / orf.at
  79. ↑ AFP : Gesinnungs-Kerker ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 62 kB) AFP leaflet.
  80. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. Freedom in NPD organ. May 2007.
  81. ↑ a b DÖW : News from the far right. Neo-Nazi "Europe Day" in Bavaria. May 2007.
  82. ↑ a b Young National Democrats Bavaria: We call Europe! Europe's nationalists denounce the political persecution in Austria. ( Memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), May 5, 2007.
  83. ↑ orf.at : Demand - RFJ wants to abolish the NS Prohibition Act. April 25, 2007.
  84. ↑ DÖW : News from the far right. "At the moment" for BfJ. April 2007.
  85. ↑ Oberösterreichische Nachrichten : Young right-wing radicals released from custody  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , September 22, 2007.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nachrichten.at  
  86. ^ Entry on Ludwig in the Handbook of Austrian Right-Wing Extremism ( Memento from November 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  87. ^ Die Presse : Neo-Nazi Trial: BfJ activists are on trial in Wels. May 14, 2008.
  88. ↑ Der Standard : acquittals for all defendants in the BfJ trial. November 5, 2008.
  89. ↑ Der Standard : OGH confirms acquittals in the Wels BfJ trial. August 7, 2009.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on October 4, 2007 .