Indymedia

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Logo of the German language edition. It is used internationally in variations.

Indymedia or Independent Media Center ( IMC ) (Independent Media Center) is a global non-profit - network of media activists and journalists in the Internet , which of itself as part of grassroots journalism looks. Indymedia emerged from the movements critical of globalization and is at home in the spectrum of the new social movements . While there were still 90 independent websites in 2002, mostly in the USA, Canada and Western Europe, but also in Australia, New Zealand, Latin America and the Middle East, the number fell to 68 in 2014.

In the German-speaking area there has been Indymedia Germany since 2001, Indymedia Switzerland and since August 2008 Indymedia Linksunten. The Austrian platform was discontinued in July 2012. Indymedia in German is also rated as an exchange medium for left-wing extremist content and is monitored by the constitution protection authorities . In August 2017 the sub-forum "Indymedia Linksunten" was banned in Germany.

Origin and goal setting

Indy Center in Edinburgh during the G8 Summit in July 2005 . Media centers that are open to anyone interested are set up for major events.

The network, which consists of heterogeneous groups, does non-commercial reporting and sees itself as part of an anti-capitalist movement. Hackers and journalists laid the foundation for this network at the end of November 1999 when they reported on the protests at the WTO Ministerial Conference of Economics and Trade Ministers in Seattle in 1999 . The aim is not objective news journalism, but rather subjective reporting. Indymedia sees itself as a platform that wants to network existing alternative media projects.

Many articles were originally published under the Open Content License . Since 2004 the authors have been able to choose between different Creative Commons licenses or to release the contributions as public domain . The logo is licensed for non-commercial use only.

Indymedia is available to everyone for the free dissemination of information according to its own principles:

“Indymedia is a publishing platform on which anyone can publish their own reports. A review of the content and an editorial processing of the contributions do not take place. "

distribution

In mid-2001 there were around 50 administratively and editorially independent indymedia editions, including the German one, and at the end of 2002 around 100 local independent media centers in 31 countries on six continents. At the beginning of 2005 there were 165 local projects as well as various global focus pages e.g. B. for the coordination of translations, on the topics of ecology or biotech or on indymedia radio projects, TV and video projects, newspaper projects and on technology and network processes.

The country with the most IMCs is the United States with 60, followed by Canada with twelve. While the IMCs are locally organized in the USA, national indymedia networks were initially set up in Europe and Latin America. The individual groups finance themselves mainly from donations. Participation in Indymedia is free of charge.

In the German-speaking area there has been Indymedia Germany since 2001, Indymedia Switzerland and since August 2008 linksunten.indymedia . From 2001 to 2012 the core team of de.indymedia.org was reduced from 100 to 15 people. The Austrian platform was shut down in July 2012. After a ban, the subdomain linksunten.indymedia was available without content from August 2017 and no longer accessible from September 2018.

spectrum

Indymedia Cuiabá outdoor radio SBPC, 2004. Mato Grosso University, Cuiaba, Brazil

The IMCs operate both print and audio and video journalism, but are mainly known for their internet-based news: The internet pages are created according to the open publishing system, which means that anyone can publish information there.

As a result, some of the publications do not meet journalistic standards, reports are subjectively colored, written in colloquial language and also reflect internal trench warfare. With some Indymedia sites it is common that articles first appear on an "open posting site" and then, if they meet the criteria, are placed on the start page. The criterion for most pages is: The article should be a self-written report.

Germany

In the course of the protests against the Castor transport in 2001, the subdomain de.indymedia.org was founded as a language area-wide IMC for German-language articles. It is the oldest running subdomain of Indymedia in German. Between 2010 and 2012, overtook the bottom left de.indymedia.org by popularity and usage. The reasons were a more comfortable user interface, more categories and broader approval of political currents.

Indymedia Germany wants to represent a political alternative "to the mainstream media".

In the German-speaking area, autonomous groups in particular used Indymedia Linksunten to publish letters of confession , for example after the arson attacks on Berlin railways in 2011 and damage to property at the federal headquarters of the SPD in 2013 and the Hamburg trade fair in the run-up to the G20 summit in Hamburg 2017 . Instructions for building Molotov cocktails , insults and calls for criminal offenses were also published there, the latter “almost daily” according to the Federal Ministry of the Interior . Articles also contained threats against public figures, e.g. For example, there were death threats against the then Berlin Interior Minister Frank Henkel (CDU) in 2016 . According to the opinion of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution , the moderator “generally did not make use of the option to remove these contributions from the website, despite having taken notice of articles that were obviously criminally relevant”. On Indymedia Left Bottom also real names were unmasked by undercover investigators called open, about photos of the Rote Flora , which were defaced in daily newspapers.

Greece

The left-wing extremist terrorist organization Conspiracy of Fire Cells published in 2011 on Indymedia Greece its letters of confession after bomb attacks and after sending parcel bombs.

criticism

Allegations of anti-Semitism

In 2002 the Swiss Indymedia section was accused of anti-Semitism by Aktion Kinder des Holocaust when a cartoon by Carlos Latuff was published there showing a Jewish boy in the Warsaw ghetto who said "I am a Palestinian". In the same year, Naomi Klein criticized Indymedia for spreading conspiracy theories about Jews, such as alleged involvement in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the publication of excerpts from the fake anti-Semitic pamphlet Protocols of the Elders of Zion .

Publication of AfD party congress participants

On May 1, 2016, the names and contact details of 2000 participants at the Stuttgart state party conference of Alternative for Germany were published on Indymedia Linksunten . 3000 names had already been published by the 2015 Bremen party conference. The AfD sharply criticized the 2016 publication. The publication was also controversially discussed in the comments.

Conflicts with state organs

Italy

During the protests at the G8 summit in Genoa in 2001 , in addition to sleeping accommodation for activists, the IMC was violently searched by police units and press work was obstructed. A RAI-3 report documented the statements of eyewitnesses. As a result, “at midnight the police stormed two school buildings in Via Battisti, where members of the GSF and their press offices as well as the independent media platform Indymedia were housed. GSF [Genoa Social Forum] lawyers, parliamentarians and journalists are refused entry. More than fifty injured people are said to have been brought out of the school. According to a GSF lawyer, the police are looking for documentation and are extremely nervous and violent. All Indymedia tapes are said to have been confiscated. "

Argentina

In 2002 and 2003, five Indymedia journalists were seriously injured by police officers with rubber bullets or other ill-treatment while covering various protests.

Switzerland

At the G8 summit in Évian-les-Bains in 2003 , according to the protesters, police stormed the L'Usine cultural center in Geneva , which housed an indymedia center. 30 international journalists are said to have been detained and searched for an hour. Indymedia journalist Guy Smallman was seriously injured in his left leg by a police shock grenade while reporting on the G8 summit in Evian while working in Geneva.

United States

On October 7, 2004, at the urging of Italian and Swiss authorities, the FBI temporarily confiscated Indymedia servers. The American host provider Rackspace , headquartered in Texas, was ordered by a US court to hand over the servers to the US authorities. Indymedia was surprised by the procedure, 20 of their websites were no longer accessible. Upon request, the provider informed Rackspace Indymedia that it was not allowed to inform them about the arrangement. At the time, the Swiss and Italian authorities had the network under suspicion of terrorism. Before the G8 summit in Gleneagles in 2005 , hard drives from an Indymedia server were again confiscated.

Mexico

In 2006, during the conflict in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, Indymedia reported regularly on the protests of the groups that formed the APPO . According to the Tagesschau and Amnesty International, the reporter Brad Will was deliberately shot by a police officer.

Greece

In July 2009, the Greek Internet service provider threatened OTE of the University of Athens with the shutdown of the high-speed connections, the University of Athens Indymedia should continue to be at the net.

Germany

In 2008 the subdomain linksunten.indymedia.org was created on the occasion of the Nato summit in Strasbourg and Kehl in 2009 for the region of southwest Germany. It was used a lot and increasingly throughout Germany because it was easier to read thanks to stricter moderation. The association linksunten.indymedia was identified as the operator and banned by the Federal Ministry of the Interior by order of August 14, 2017. It is also prohibited to distribute content under the subdomain, the associated .onion address fhcnogcfx4zcq2e7.onion in the Tor network and on the Twitter account @indy_linksunten . It is also forbidden to use linksunten.indymedia's labels for the duration of the enforceability of the ban in public, in a meeting or in writings, sound and image carriers, images or presentations that are distributed or are intended for distribution. All e-mail addresses of the association, in particular linksunten@indymedia.org , should be switched off. The use of the symbol of the sparking "i" in connection with the club name was expressly prohibited and made a criminal offense. The ban was published in the Federal Gazette on August 25, 2017 and has been final since January 29, 2020.

The reasoning stated that the site was contrary to the criminal laws and directed against the constitutional order . On the same day, Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière stated that the blocking or the association ban was directed against an association, but not against indymedia. The server on which the website is operated was in France when the association was banned. The aims of these measures were, among other things, to clarify the operating structure, to smash an association, to confiscate its association's assets and to obtain a permanent shutdown. It is the first ban on a left-wing extremist association by a federal interior minister. According to the lawyer Kristin Pietrzyk, there is no Indymedia association, so the platform should not be banned under association law.

Police forces from Baden-Württemberg had previously searched several apartments and rooms at around 5:30 a.m. Contrary to a much-cited first misrepresentation by the Federal Minister of the Interior, no weapons were found in the alleged administrators. Objects that could be used as weapons were found in rooms that could not be assigned to the association. Electronic equipment was confiscated. There were no arrests. Because of the measures to protect the anonymity of the authors of contributions, no prosecution was possible until the association was banned. Under the protection of anonymity, texts could be published on the platform used by the radical left scene , in which reports were made about demonstrations, commented on political or social events and called for actions and demonstrations. Calls for criminal offenses and letters of confession could also be posted anonymously.

The ban by Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière met with mixed echoes. Federal Justice Minister Heiko Maas (SPD) spoke of an "important blow against left-wing extremists who are prepared to use violence". The domestic political spokeswoman for the Green parliamentary group Irene Mihalic stated that it would be necessary "to check carefully whether the high legal requirements for a club ban in the case of linksunten.indymedia actually exist." There were comments that the proximity of the ban action mentioned in the 2017 federal election .

Reporters Without Borders , an NGO that campaigns for freedom of the press and against censorship around the world , criticized the Federal Minister of the Interior as a "development that is dangerous under the rule of law". It also said that the freedom of the press also applies to "inconvenient, even difficult to bear publications" and that there are less drastic legal remedies to take action against criminal content. Markus Reuter from netzpolitik.org said on Deutschlandfunk that “the site cannot be reduced to calls for violence”. Stefan Koldehoff also commented there that the boundaries between political discussion and action on the one hand and readiness and call to violence should not be blurred and that there should be no lawless spaces on the Internet either. The Hamburg state chairman of the Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter (BDK), Jan Reinecke, doubts the sense of the ban. The platform was also important for investigators in terms of police tactics, "to observe the scene, their plans and letters of confession," said Reinecke. Reinhard Müller commented in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung : “Those who take to the streets against the rule of the powerful should welcome the ban on the 'linksunten.indymedia' website. It secures the freedom of the peaceable and the weak. ”Tolerating attacks on linksunten.indymedia that disrupt the rule of law would jeopardize freedom of expression and assembly. In 2020, the East German magazine telegraph drew parallels to the state repression in the GDR on opposition media in 1987.

At the end of August 2018, the Federal Administrative Court of Leipzig announced, without specifying an alternative date, that the hearing scheduled for January 15 to 17, 2019 for the lawsuits filed from August 29, 2017, would be postponed for organizational reasons.

In August 2019, the Karlsruhe public prosecutor confirmed to Neues Deutschland that the criminal proceedings against the operators of linksunten.indymedia.org had been discontinued. For two years it was not possible to identify a “specific suspect” for the criminal offenses accused of the platform.

After the banning of linksunten.indymedia.org individual contributions are de.indymedia.org published. At the beginning of 2020 an archive was published by linksunten.indymedia.org . Tagesschau.de considers it unclear whether this also falls under the ban .

On January 29, 2020, the Federal Administrative Court dismissed a lawsuit against the ban on linksunten.indymedia.org . The plaintiffs lodged a constitutional complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court against the decision of the Federal Administrative Court in June 2020 .

Assessment by the protection of the constitution

United States

In March 2006 the Los Angeles Times published that austin.indymedia, along with an organization that collects food for the homeless, was on a list of Anarchism by the FBI 's Texas office . On it are anarchist or globalization-critical groups that could potentially be close to violence. According to the newspaper report, there was a question mark next to the name indymedia, the publication or official confirmation beyond the event were refused by the presenting FBI officer.

Germany

According to the 2004 report on the protection of the constitution by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, the Indymedia network, which emerged from the anti-globalization movement, played a dominant role in giving space to the left counter-position that the “left-wing extremist scene” missed in conventional media. In addition to this scene, it also wants to address a bourgeois spectrum. The Internet portal is "one of the most important Internet information sites for the left-wing extremist scene". The Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia stated in 2007 that “Indymedia is primarily aimed at left-wing alternative and left-wing extremist users and consumers and sees itself as a freely accessible news medium that aims to create a counter- public to the commercial media.” Together with other Internet portals, Indymedia will also be “as Networking, agitation and mobilization medium for left-wing extremist content ”. de.indymedia.org was described by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution in 2011 as an "Internet portal increasingly used by left-wing extremists".

The Office for the Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia described linksunten.indymedia 2013 as a “left-wing extremist Internet portal”. The 2016 report on the protection of the constitution states: “'linksunten.indymedia' is now the most important medium of violence-oriented left-wing extremism. For years it has provided a forum for largely detached reports on left-wing extremist agitation and criminal offenses. In addition, actual or alleged right-wing extremists are repeatedly 'outed' on 'linksunten.indymedia'. In the aftermath, this often results in criminal offenses to their disadvantage. ”The prohibition by the Federal Ministry of the Interior was justified by the fact that the platform is directed“ against the constitutional order ”. The 2017 ban was based solely on findings from the Office for the Protection of the Constitution. The association ban and the action against individual accused from the Freiburg area met with wide criticism, u. a. because the Office for the Protection of the Constitution participates in the police investigation and thus the constitutional requirement to separate the police and intelligence services is disregarded.

On July 9, 2020, the President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution announced that his authority had classified Indymedia as a suspected case of anti-constitutional efforts in the area of ​​left-wing extremism because the activities of "linksunten.indymedia" after the ban on the Internet platform "de.indymedia" would have relocated. With this step, the office will be able to evaluate and save personal data in the future and, under certain conditions, use covert intelligence services.

Austria

According to the 2005 report on the protection of the constitution by the Austrian Ministry of the Interior, “Indymedia Austria” was one of the “best-known and most frequently used internet platforms of the left-wing extremist spectrum in Austria”.

Awards

Germany

In 2002 Indymedia Germany was nominated for the Grimme Institute's Media Competence Prize and received a prize from the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation . In 2002, the jury of the poldi Awards named Indymedia.de the “best online initiative in the field of 'science, education and culture'”, which was justified by the fact that the site was an “exemplary online initiative”. act that promotes the “emancipatory use of information and media”. Since the Poldi Award was co-initiated by the Federal Agency for Civic Education and its President Thomas Krüger and State Secretary Brigitte Zypries (both SPD ) were members of the jury that voted on the award ceremony, the Federal Agency received public criticism. The Federal Ministry of the Interior , to which the Federal Central Office is subordinate, then stated that the results of the covert vote were unknown until the "corresponding envelopes" were opened and denied an assertion by the excellent Indymedia representatives that Krüger had given a laudation on them; Zypries said they voted for a competitor other than Indymedia. As a consequence, the Federal Ministry of the Interior declared that it and the Federal Central Office would no longer take part in covert votes in the future.

Mexico

After the Indymedia reporter Brad Will was shot dead by city officials in Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2006, Indymedia was recognized by the Mexican Journalists' Association and the Antonio Sáenz de Miera Foundation for "cooperation without orders" .

Brazil

In April 2008, IMC and Brad Will were awarded the Medalha Chico Mendes de Resistência ( Chico Mendes Medal of Resistance ) from the Brazilian human rights organization Tortura Nunca Mais ( Torture, Never Again ) for their contribution to human rights and a more just society.

literature

Web links

Commons : Indymedia  collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John DH Downing: The Independent Media Center Movement and the Anarchist Socialist Tradition . In James Curran, Nick Couldry (Ed.): Contesting media power: alternative media in a networked world . Rowman & Littlefield 2003 ISBN 9780742523852
  2. Eva Giraud: Has radical participatory online media really 'failed'? Indymedia and its legacies . Convergence. 20 November 2014, doi: 10.1177 / 1354856514541352
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  4. ^ Frankfurter Rundschau : Left scene argues about arson attacks
  5. Guido Heinen: Politicians award media prize to left-wing extremist Internet site
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  7. Federal Ministry of the Interior: Constitutional Protection Report 2019 , pp. 145 ff.
  8. Seattle protests seen through other eyes. In: CNN , December 2, 1999
  9. Indymedia.de, the website for activists, wants to network. In: Friday , April 20, 2001
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  11. a b Indymedia is about to end. Obsolete by the modern network. In: TAZ , November 30, 2012
  12. ^ "Linksunten.indymedia": Ministry of the Interior bans left-wing extremist platform , Spiegel Online , August 25, 2017
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  19. Jörg Diehl: "linksunten.indymedia": Ministry of the Interior bans left-wing extremist platform. In: Spiegel Online . Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
  20. a b Die Zeit: Louder, more radical, more uncompromising , August 26, 2017
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  52. ^ Matthias Monroy: Searches for links below: But no weapons were found among journalists. In: netzpolitik.org . August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017 .
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  54. Federal Ministry of the Interior bans website. In: Deutschlandfunk.de . August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
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  57. Sonja Thomaser: The priorities are at the bottom left. In: Frankfurter Rundschau online. August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
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  67. tagesschau.de: Left-wing extremist association or medium? Retrieved January 29, 2020 .
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  73. ^ Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia: Internet and electronic communication ( Memento from October 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on May 19, 2007)
  74. ^ German Constitutional Protection Report 2003 (PDF; 6.0 MB), p. 200
  75. Constitutional Protection Report of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia for 2013 , p. 229 (PDF)
  76. Constitutional Protection Report 2016 , p. 116 (PDF)
  77. BMI press release
  78. ^ "Linksunten.indymedia": Ministry of the Interior bans left-wing extremist platform on Spiegel online
  79. The ban on "linksunten.indymedia" and the dubious role of the protection of the constitution , guest article Angela Furmaniak, netzpolitik.org, August 27, 2019.
  80. Election campaign maneuvers: Interior Minister forbids linksunten.indymedia.org on Internet politics
  81. "The ban on indymedia had political reasons" at the time
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  85. Grimme Online Award | 2002. (No longer available online.) February 28, 2011, archived from the original on February 28, 2011 ; Retrieved August 25, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grimme-institut.de
  86. Honor for courage of the Berliner Bankenskandal Preis initiative also for Friedenskoordination Berlin and indymedia Germany , Neues Deutschland from June 16, 2003, Spiegel: Honor for courage from the Berliner Bankenskandal Preis initiative also for Friedenskoordination Berlin and indymedia Germany ( Memento of the original from May 5th 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on archive link ( memento of the original dated November 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 30, 2012; Text excerpt: “In the Red Salon of the Berliner Volksbühne, this year's Rosa Luxemburg Prize was awarded on Sunday by the PDS-related foundation, also named after the socialist. The Berlin banking scandal initiative, the Berlin Peace Coordination and indymedia Germany were honored. " @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / index.html @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wmedina.net
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  90. ^ Mexican journalists give recognition to Indymedia Mexico and to Brad Will. In: indymedia.org.uk , December 8, 2006.
  91. CMI Brasil - CMI é homenageado pelo Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais com a medalha Chico Mendes. ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: midiaindependente.org @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.midiaindependente.org
  92. CMI Brasil - [Rio de Janeiro] Grupo Tortura Nunca Mais homenagea o CMI com a medalha Chico Mendes. ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: midiaindependente.org @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.midiaindependente.org