G20 summit in Hamburg 2017
The G20 summit in Hamburg on July 7 and 8, 2017 was the twelfth meeting of the group of the twenty most important industrialized and emerging countries . In addition to their heads of state and government, politicians from other states and representatives of international economic and trade organizations took part.
Around 31,000 police officers were deployed to protect the summit and the city. During demonstrations, blockades and other registered events, tens of thousands expressed their protest against the summit. Usually outside of it, various actors, including left-wing extremists , committed damage to property, looting and attacks on police officers. Hundreds of people were injured in rioting and police attacks .
Decision for Hamburg
The federal government applied since March / April 2015 by the presidency of the G20 summit, which was to be held in 2017 as scheduled in Europe. On November 16, 2015, Chancellor Angela Merkel publicly announced that after China in 2016 , the next G20 summit would take place in Germany for the first time.
In 2015, Hamburg wanted to take part in the applications for the 2024 Summer Olympics and would have become better known internationally as a result. At Merkel's request, Hamburg's First Mayor Olaf Scholz promised her that he would also host the G20 summit in 2017. In a referendum in November 2015, however, most Hamburgers rejected the Olympic candidacy.
At the Matthiae meal on February 12, 2016, Merkel announced that the next G20 summit would take place in Hamburg. It should take place during the German G20 presidency (December 1, 2016 to November 30, 2017) in a major German city with the necessary logistics and infrastructure for around 10,000 visitors. The choice of location was also intended to honor Helmut Schmidt from Hamburg , who as Federal Chancellor started such meetings in 1975. On June 10, 2016, the federal government announced that the summit would take place on July 7 and 8, 2017 in the Hamburg exhibition and congress center . Contrary to Merkel's later information, the Federal Police and the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) were not included in this decision.
The rules of the summit policing , which had been followed since the G8 summit in Genoa in 2001 , to choose locations that are as remote as possible and that are easy to secure, spoke against the election of Hamburg . This was supported by the fact that only a large city could accommodate the expected large number of summit participants. Police operations manager Hartmut Dudde admitted in July 2016 that the densely populated and difficult to control inner city of Hamburg was “not the most ideal place” for the G20. The exhibition grounds border on the Schanzenviertel with the autonomous Rote Flora center and the Karolinenviertel . You have a strong, organized left-wing radical scene with supporters across Europe. Police scientist Thomas Feltes therefore considered the choice of location to be wrong.
Residents protested on September 1, 2016 in the Hamburg-Mitte district against the presented security concept and on December 8 and 9, 2016 they again warned of the foreseeable confrontation between violent demonstrators and the police: “We are being used as a stage for something that nobody here wants. “In a representative survey before July 6, 2017, 74.3 percent of the Hamburg residents questioned found it wrong to host the summit in the middle of the city. 87.1 percent found the effort and costs disproportionately high. 73.5 percent did not expect any noteworthy summit results. 39 percent feared riots, 34.9 percent terrorist attacks, 26.1 percent traffic chaos. 48.2 percent supported the no-demonstration zone, 52.6 percent a protest camp with beds. 82.7 percent did not want to take part in any demonstration. 20.9 percent wanted to leave Hamburg for the summit.
On July 7th, Jan Reinecke from the Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter (BDK) said: "Hamburg should never have been the venue for the G20 summit." Politicians bear sole responsibility for injured police officers and the destruction in the city. Federal Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière, on the other hand, stated that the state alone decides on the location of the summit and does not allow it to be dictated by potential criminals.
The summit
Attendees
| Country | Representative |
|---|---|
 Argentina
|
Mauricio Macri , President |
 Australia
|
Malcolm Turnbull , Prime Minister |
 Brazil
|
Michel Temer , President |
 People's Republic of China
|
Xi Jinping , President |
 Germany
|
Angela Merkel, German Chancellor (host) |
 France
|
Emmanuel Macron , President |
 United Kingdom
|
Theresa May , Prime Minister |
 India
|
Narendra Modi , Prime Minister |
 Indonesia
|
Joko Widodo , President |
 Italy
|
Paolo Gentiloni , Prime Minister |
 Japan
|
Shinzō Abe , Prime Minister |
 Canada
|
Justin Trudeau , Prime Minister |
 South Korea
|
Moon Jae-in , President |
 Mexico
|
Enrique Peña Nieto , President |
 Russia
|
Vladimir Putin , President |
 Saudi Arabia
|
Ibrahim al-Assaf , Minister of State |
 South Africa
|
Jacob Zuma , President |
 Turkey
|
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , President |
 United States
|
Donald Trump , President |
 European Union
|
Jean-Claude Juncker , President of the European Commission Donald Tusk , President of the European Council |
35 delegations with 41 politicians requiring special protection and 6,500 guests took part and stayed overnight throughout the city.
Partner and supporting program
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The program for spouses and companions of the heads of state and government led by Merkel's husband Joachim Sauer included a visit to the climate computing center . For security reasons, this was replaced by lectures in the Hotel Atlantic .
At a concert in New York City in September 2016 , music groups promoted G20 for more engagement in the fight against poverty. 9000 free tickets for the “ Global Citizen Festival ” in the Barclaycard Arena were raffled off to people who were involved on the Internet . On July 6, 2017, Coldplay , Ellie Goulding , Pharrell Williams , Andreas Bourani , Herbert Grönemeyer and others performed in front of an audience of 12,000 . The patron was Chris Martin .
On July 7th, the state guests attended a concert by the Hamburg Philharmonic State Orchestra in the Elbphilharmonie . At Merkel's request, Kent Nagano conducted Beethoven's 9th Symphony , the final chorus of which, “Ode to Joy”, is based on the European anthem .
Policy advice
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The preparatory bodies for the summit included Business 20 (B20), the German Trade Union Federation (DGB) and Civil 20 (C20). The German C20 process was designed by the Environment and Development Forum and the Association for Development Policy and Humanitarian Aid of German Non- Governmental Organizations (VENRO). Institute for the World Economy and the German Development Institute (DIE) and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina are running the German Think-20 process (T20). On behalf of the federal government, the Federation of German Industries (BDI), the Federation of German Employers' Associations (BDA) and the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DIHK) carried out the official G20 economic dialogue.
The German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) issued a special study on Development and Justice through Transformation: The Four Big I Recommendations for the German G20 Presidency. The respective meetings took place between January and July 2017 in various German cities.
Policy priorities
The Welthungerhilfe saw the hunger in Africa as a priority, the currently approximately 232.5 million people concerns. Every euro that is spent to avoid famine is four to five times as effective as spending after it occurs.
At the Women20 meeting in April 2017, Merkel promised to advocate more employment for women, support for female entrepreneurs and the systematic inclusion of gender equality at the G20 summit. In addition, the federal government wanted to make a “ Marshall Plan with Africa ” the basis of the G20 Compact with Africa Plan. To this end, in June 2017 it agreed on improved framework conditions for national and international investors and easier access to loans with some African countries. To this end, these partner countries should promote renewable energies and reform the financial sector. The states of Tunisia, Ivory Coast and Ghana, which are viewed as stable and economically strong, received a EUR 300 million commitment for 2017. Candidates for similar commitments were Rwanda, Senegal and Morocco. The economists and Africa experts Robert Kappel and Helmut Reisen ( Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung ) criticized the fact that the plan excludes the poorest countries in Africa, pursues a “neoliberal” agenda of deregulation, privatization, rigid budget management and opening up to foreign investors, high Unemployment, poor infrastructure, targeted aid strategies for African companies and ignoring the topic of education. - The G20's climate policy also affects Africa strongly, as climate change has caused and can cause crop failures, hunger crises, social tensions and mass exodus in many African countries. African states also showed a particular interest in the global fight against black money hiding places and tax havens , as they lose 50 billion dollars in income every year through tax avoidance and illegal cash outflows .
Results
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On July 7, terrorism, free world trade and the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement were on the summit agenda. On July 8th, Africa should also be the subject of the joint declaration.
The joint, legally non-binding final paper remained vague in many parts. The fact that it came about was already considered a success. It names the dissent between the USA and the other summit participants on climate protection, but also their consensus on the expansion of renewable energies. The other 19 participating states stuck to the Paris Agreement, described it as “irreversible” and promised to implement it swiftly. After the negotiations were concluded, however, the co-signatory Erdoğan declared that Turkey would not ratify it, as it is a developing country like other neighboring countries and, like them, is entitled to international funding. Many additional documents that were barely noticed by the public were also agreed. French President Macron invited to another climate summit in Paris on December 12th.
The dissent with the US over steel production and trade persisted. The US accuses steel producers in China and Europe of dumping prices and threatens punitive tariffs. The G20 countries requested a report on overcapacity, which should be available in November 2017. You want to continue regulating financial markets, fighting the financing of terrorism, tax evasion, unfair trade practices and protectionism ; however, President Trump supported the latter. An Africa partnership was agreed in an additional paper.
Trump and Putin met for the first time at the summit and agreed a partial ceasefire in southwest Syria.
Safety measures
Police preparation
At the OSCE meeting in Hamburg in December 2016, more than 13,000 police officers tested the interaction of units from different federal states and authorities, including the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA), Federal Police, Special Operations Command (SEK), GSG 9 and private security services.
At that time, the police expected 100,000 opponents to the summit, including up to 10,000 members of the Black Bloc and violent autonomous groups , especially from southern European countries. An evidence preservation and arrest unit (BFE +) of the federal police equipped with HK G36 assault rifles was supposed to arrest suspects. In Hamburg-Harburg , a prisoner collection point (Gesa) with a branch of the Hamburg District Court was built. Arrests were primarily intended to prevent sit-ins on VIP routes, "NoCops zones" and attempts to disrupt aircraft landings. Nine judges, public prosecutors, defense attorneys and employees were to work in 24-hour shifts to decide on detention of up to ten days in order to avert danger or on remand. Prisoners should come to the Billwerder correctional facility or the former women's prison on Hahnöfersand . By May 2017, however, only 70 of the 150 planned individual cells had been built. For this purpose, nine square meter collecting cells should each accommodate up to five people. Although they had air conditioning, dimmable lights, smoke detectors and an emergency call facility, toilets and washrooms were separate.
On May 10, Hamburg's Senator for the Interior, Andy Grote , warned that foreign security forces could react to blockades of state convoys with dangerous measures. G20 opponents interpreted this as an attempt to intimidate. On June 9, the Hamburg police banned all gatherings in a 38 square kilometer urban area around the airport, exhibition halls and most of the hotels of the summit guests for July 7 and 8. A second ban for July 7th covered the area around the Elbphilharmonie. According to Grote, the only way to secure the “transfer corridor” for the arrival and departure of state guests is to prevent blockades, vehicle stops and unpredictable reactions from bodyguards. He had previously promised a “Festival of Democracy” and opportunities to protest within earshot and sight of the conference venue. G20 opponents complained against the widespread repeal of basic rights.
Dudde's internal framework order of June 9th gave the protection of state guests "top priority". The police should immediately prevent disturbances and blockades of summit participants. No police officer was allowed to use his cell phone or upload pictures on the Internet. Everyone should show "a tolerant, emphatically open, communicative and friendly behavior" and contribute to the summit success with "an impeccable appearance and correct demeanor". Shortly before the beginning of the summit, he confirmed internally: A water cannon has no reverse gear. Not blockades, but successful road clearings should be reported. According to the rapporteur, he had thus provided an escalation strategy and pre-programmed confrontation.
On June 15, Grote and Dudde presented their police concept. They wanted to ensure that the summit would run smoothly, but not to block the entire city center and not arrest any masses. In addition to property protection, reinforced police patrols were planned throughout the city. In a flight restriction zone with a 55.5-kilometer radius monitored by police helicopters, only private planes with a special permit and no private drones were allowed to move at the summit. In the event of severe violations, German Air Force interceptors that are always ready to take off should intervene within five minutes. Two security zones were set up around the exhibition halls: Only G20 participants and expressly authorized persons had access to the first (“red”) zone. They were shielded by a strong, closely-knit police presence from the BKA. In the second (“yellow”) zone with the Karolinen and Schanzenviertel, roadblocks and checkpoints were set up that only residents, postal and nursing services with a valid identity card could pass through. Individual traffic and the parking of vehicles were prohibited there. The town hall area and associated underground stations were also blocked. German police officers and foreign security officers should jointly guard hotels for state guests. The routes for VIP trips from Hamburg Airport to accommodation and event locations were closed to ordinary road users at the summit. Manhole covers were welded. Divers inspected the underwater area of bridges in the safety zones, and patrol boats secured the waterways. This met the requirements of the United States Secret Service and other foreign security forces. To protect against attacks with explosives, hand grenades and heavy weapons, the Hamburg police had acquired the Survivor R, a special vehicle weighing twelve tons and with a speed of up to 100 km / h . Dudde announced that “all of the police equipment there will be on display,” including armored vehicles, drones, police boats, eleven helicopters, and six special vehicles borrowed from France for barriers. Weapons of war are excluded.
Austria sent 215 police officers, including the Cobra commando and the WEGA special unit . On June 26, the Federal Office of Administration allowed US, UK and IMF security personnel to carry weapons. The Federal Foreign Office banned the entry of Erdoğan's bodyguards against whom US courts had issued arrest warrants after the attack on protesters in front of the Turkish embassy in Washington DC in May 2017 .
On June 28, the authorities expected up to 8,000 arriving violent left-wing extremists, street fights between the police and autonomists, Turks and Kurds, including supporters of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), Putin supporters and opponents as well as possible targeted attacks, for example on traffic lights, radio masts, Power supply, as well as blockades of the New Elbe Tunnel and in the port. That is why the Special Structural Organization (BAO) and special units from Austria and the Netherlands were brought in . A BKA security group took over the personal protection, the federal police was responsible for railway areas. Hamburg's police chief Ralf Martin Meyer said that they were well prepared, but could not prevent property damage and burning vehicles because of the many possible targets. According to Dudde's “Hamburg Line”, people wanted to intervene immediately and harshly in criminal offenses.
On June 29, the police searched apartments in and near Hamburg, accusing the residents of public reward and approval of criminal offenses . On July 4, she presented dangerous objects and weapons that she had confiscated from alleged left-wing autonomists, including fire extinguishers filled with a bitumen mixture , bengalos, bottles with flammable liquids suitable for making Molotov cocktails and a jammer to prevent the location of cell phone signals.
According to later information from the federal government, a total of more than 31,000 German police forces were deployed at the summit, including 23,200 state police officers, 5,500 federal police officers and over 2,500 BKA officers.
Entry controls
On May 17, 2017, the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) ordered entry controls at the Schengen internal borders, which should be flexible in terms of location and time and should only be announced immediately before they begin. They were introduced for one month on June 12th and expanded from July 1st. At small and large border crossings, especially with Switzerland and France, the Federal Police monitored cars, trains, buses and air traffic and also checked them within a 30 km radius around the borders, in coordination with neighboring countries and the EU Commission. On July 5, she checked a special summit train with 210 passengers in Basel for hours and banned 33 of them from entering Germany, some because of previous arrests. According to the Federal Police, they based at least 12 bans on inquiries from the Swiss police, information from other countries and the behavior of the people checked.
According to the police, 673 criminals were caught during such controls for whom open arrest warrants without reference to the G20 were available.
Unlawful expulsion of journalists
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5101 journalists were admitted to the summit. The federal government withdrew 32 press accreditation on July 6th . As of July 7th, nine journalists were no longer allowed to enter the press center of the Hamburg exhibition halls and had to surrender their press card without giving a reason . This meant that they could no longer attend photo opportunities or press conferences with important politicians.
On July 10th, government spokesman Steffen Seibert announced an exclusion list for a further 23 previously accredited journalists. He referred to "security concerns" of the authorities involved, but did not mention any specific reasons for exclusion with reference to the protection of privacy. The ARD suspected that the exclusion was based on information from the Turkish secret service , because Turkey briefly arrested two affected photographers in October 2014. The BKA contradicted: Only additional information and the "overall assessment of current developments" at the summit would have led to the exclusion. According to media reports, this information came from BfV database entries on bodily harm, breach of the peace or membership in a violence-oriented group. The police have been supervising an unknown number of journalists since the G8 summit in Heiligendamm in 2007 and have now excluded 32 of them because this supervision was impossible at the G20. The Federal Ministry of the Interior stipulated that journalists would only be monitored “when entering clearly defined safety areas” in order to “prevent incidents if necessary”. There were only incriminating evidence against four journalists. One was noticed as the leader of "extremely violent" black blocs. Another should be a "Reichsbürger" . He turned out to be an NDR reporter whose name had been mistaken. The withdrawal should avoid feared heckling, insults or posters at press conferences of heads of state. Registrants of legal demonstrations and "test cases" were also in criminal records. These were last checked in 2011, and many incorrect entries and methodological errors were discovered.
Since July 8th, the German Union of Journalists (DJU), the German Association of Journalists (DJV) and many German media representatives have criticized the exclusion as a serious encroachment on the constitutionally guaranteed freedom of the press and announced legal action against it, according to the publishing house of the Weser- Couriers . On July 11th, the Hamburg commissioner for data protection Johannes Caspar and the former federal data protection commissioner Peter Schaar also criticized the exclusion list as a legal violation and stigmatization, also because it was circulated “as a handout, so to speak openly”. The BKA had distributed the list in the press center and made it possible for some television teams to see it. On July 13, Federal Justice Minister Heiko Maas called for an explanation. The BMI promised to carefully check the processes.
No disfellowshipped journalist received a reason for this by August 4. The Federal Press Office referred 17 individual requests for information to the BKA's data protection officer; it had not yet processed another eight appeals from the DJU. Nine people concerned filed a lawsuit against the Federal Press Office at the Berlin Administrative Court to determine whether their exclusion was illegal. By August 30, the Federal Ministry of the Interior admitted four wrong decisions: three times, data supplied to the BKA were wrongly not deleted or an acquittal was not noted. The BKA cited as grounds for exclusion (1) a case of a sit-in blockade that was discontinued in 2014 and a previous membership in the IL, (2) a long-term membership in Berlin's left-wing extremist scene, (3) supporters of a violent movement (a false statement by the Hamburg Office for the Protection of the Constitution), (4) Participation in a legal local anti-Nazi rally, (5) a previous poster campaign by the environmental organization Robin Wood . No person concerned had a criminal record for this. The BKA did not explain why the entries were saved, not checked before the summit and only then classified as a security risk: This had prevented timely complaints, clarification and legal correction of the errors. Two victims were registered in network files for “ politically motivated crime ” and “left-wing violent criminals ”: one, although he was acquitted after a police officer reported him, the other, although he presented his press ID after identity checks and the LKA of his federal state made an entry for ten years had previously deleted. The BKA had listed him as a known left-wing extremist since his arrest in Turkey in October 2014, although Turkish authorities had not proven him to have committed a criminal offense. On July 20, the Federal Ministry of Defense denied a victim access to a vow in the Bendlerblock .
The former Federal Constitutional Court judge Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem called it "scandalous" to save journalists without a criminal record. There is a “considerable deficit” in the selection and control of the data fed in. According to criminal law professor Tobias Singelnstein , entries should have been deleted immediately after acquittals. Instead, they should be checked for the first time after ten years and deleted after 15 years. According to Peter Schaar, such entries are blatant data protection violations. It should be clarified who made the note on Turkey and when and which of the stored information came from Turkey. Long storage contradicts the requirements of the Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG). The other affected people also consider the exclusion to be unlawful and want rehabilitation.
After complaints by those affected, several state criminal police offices deleted incriminating false information about them from their files, thus preventing their examination and destruction of evidence. For example, a Berlin photographer had been listed without his knowledge since 2011 for “particularly serious breach of the peace” and excluded from the G20 as a “member of a violent or violent observation object”, although he had only photographed demonstrations and was neither arrested nor convicted. Another photographer was registered for "trespassing" for an unknown reason and only found out about it through the deletion notice from the BKA. Another five of the original eight allegations should be deleted after the proceedings. In at least 12 cases, research by ARD proved allegations against those affected to be false. Nevertheless, the federal government still classified these and 16 other cases as a security risk and until October 2017 did not apologize to the four people whose exclusion it had admitted to be incorrect. In response to a parliamentary question, she admitted that the data entries of the security authorities neither show the total number of people classified as “violent perpetrators on the left”, nor do they differentiate who was convicted or saved for other reasons. “Because of inconsistent reporting procedures by the judicial authorities”, the police sometimes have no knowledge of the completed proceedings and their reasons. She did not take any measures to end this situation. For example, the BKA repeatedly excluded journalists who had been excluded from the G20 summit from further events.
Eleven victims will be exhibiting photographs of their work in Berlin from October 10 to December 12, 2017. At the opening, they recalled that the scandal affected not only 32 people, but tens of thousands of Germans who were entered in police databases without previous convictions.
On October 19, 2017, the BKA announced that it had sent the Hamburg police a list of 82 names on July 7, including those of the 32 journalists. After a few hours, the list was recognized as illegal and withdrawn. According to the Hamburg police, the officers deployed at the media center did not receive this information. The withdrawal of accreditation that came about in this way was therefore illegal.
The Federal Commissioner for Data Protection, Andrea Voßhoff , called for a review of the INPOL police information system.
Commerce and traffic
Many Hamburg companies closed or reduced their work during the summit. Shops in the Schanzenviertel were barricaded with wooden boards, some labeled with “No G20 Spare Our Store”. Hermes Europe announced restrictions on parcel shipping.
The police practiced escorting convoys of vehicles in normal traffic without stopping between the airport and the event locations. As of noon on July 6th, they closed many main roads. In Winterhude, Eppendorf and Barmbek the traffic stopped. In the following days, too, police barriers obstructed city traffic. Bus operations in the city center were severely limited. Only shuttle buses were allowed to enter the restricted area. U- and S-Bahns should run without restriction. The Hamburger Verkehrsverbund only expected short closures of exits at the Messehallen underground station and Hamburg Sternschanze S-Bahn station . Additional S-Bahn trips to the airport train station have been set up for passengers on delayed flights . The Barmbek train station was barely accessible by buses for hours on July 6th due to police barriers. On July 7th, between 8:45 am and 2:00 pm, the bus service at Hamburg-Altona train station and then the shuttle bus lines were suspended due to the “confusing demonstration situation”. There were delays, diversions and cancellations on many other lines.
During the summit, hardly any passenger trains were allowed to run over the tracks of the Hamburg-Altona connecting railway . Almost all long-distance trains started and ended as planned with their start and finish in Altona at Hamburg Central Station and at most they drove empty through the exclusion zone to the parking facilities. Other long-distance trains were routed past the city center via the Hamburg freight bypass . The two Hamburg long-distance train stations Dammtor and Altona largely stopped long-distance traffic. Regional trains from the north, center and west of Schleswig-Holstein were diverted to Hamburg-Altona station, where their passengers had to change to the Hamburg S-Bahn . Because of police operations and riots, no more S-Bahn ran through the city tunnel between Altona station and the main station on the afternoon of July 7; In the evening, the S-Bahn service in the city center was completely stopped. The subway line 3 was interrupted from July 7th to 9th in St. Pauli and the city center and went through individual subway stops without stopping.
Protests
Covenants and plans
In November 2016, left-wing groups and associations formed the alliance “Boundless Solidarity instead of G20”, including Attac , Federation of Democratic Workers' Associations (DIDF), Die Linke , Interventionistische Linke (IL), Congress of the Kurdish Democratic Society in Europe (NAV-DEM) and the Red construction Hamburg . They registered a demonstration for July 8, 2017, which was to go from Hamburg Dammtor train station via several routes through the city center to Heiligengeistfeld . Around 500 people took part in the first action conference from December 2 to 4, 2016 at the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW). The university management had previously terminated the rooms at short notice because they classified some invited groups as "violence-oriented". A district court had lifted the ban. The conference was attended by the Network Right to the City , the IL, the Association of Students from Kurdistan , Attac and many other groups from Europe. As a “choreography of the protest” they planned a counter-summit with panel discussions, decentralized actions such as a symbolic port blockade, an autonomous demonstration and the joint final demonstration.
On February 18, 2017, over 100 schoolchildren, trainees and students from the Hamburg area founded the “Youth Council Against G20”. From March onwards, over 140 restaurants worldwide took part in the “ Soli Mexicans against Trump” campaign, the proceeds of which were used to finance G20 protests. On March 31, eleven organizations, including the student representatives from the major Hamburg universities and the Hamburg Education and Science Union (GEW), founded the alliance “Together instead of G20” to prevent the summit with a popular petition. By the end of May they had collected around 14,500 signatures and had their concerns dealt with in a public meeting of the constitutional and district committee on June 23.
At the second action conference on 8./9. April 2017, the more than 800 participants declared that they would disregard prohibited zones announced by the police if necessary. They also planned a peaceful “mass corner” (July 4th), the “G20 - Welcome to Hell” demonstration (July 6th) and two protest marches that wanted to block production and logistics routes in the Port of Hamburg on July 7th . Blockade training and workshops on how to penetrate the “red zone” took place. The fact that the city administration closed the Heiligengeistfeld for July 9 , but released it for a hit move on July 11, was criticized as a chicane. Around 850 people then demonstrated against the G20 in Hamburg. On April 19, the nationwide “Youth Against G20” was founded with initially 24 sponsors, including Germany's Naturfreundejugend , Linksjugend Solid , Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterjugend (SDAJ), Ver.di Jugend , various local groups of IG Metall , DGB-Jugend , Kurdish- internationalist and anti-fascist groups. Above all, they organized an education strike in Hamburg and demonstrated against the summit with over 300 people after it was founded.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany , the Archdiocese of Hamburg and 38 church groups founded the ecumenical alliance in early 2017 to make it globally fair . His main representatives, Archbishop Stefan Heße and Provincial Bishop Kirsten Fehrs , declared in April that they did not want to block the summit, but rather enter into a dialogue with its representatives in order to give a voice to those countries that are not represented in the G20 and are particularly in need of help. They want to point out environmental degradation and unjust economic structures and offer activists “places of reflection and rest”. In June, the alliance organized a Civil20 summit in Hamburg with NGOs from over 50 countries , which handed over demands to Chancellor Angela Merkel. Representatives of the aid organization Misereor expected little progress in the fight against poverty, global warming and war in the Middle East from the summit. The alliance did not call for demonstrations, but joined the rally "Hamburg shows attitude" (July 8). The Northern Church Synod removed criticism of the G20's lack of “ legitimacy and transparency” from its declaration and only criticized “isolation”, “nationalist tendencies” and “particular interests”. For the theologian Theo Christiansen, she defended the neoliberal system of the G20, which was the first to bring about these tendencies, leaned against the interests of German politics and business without a care, disregard anti-capitalist consensus positions of the WCC and left initiatives in their concrete struggles against arms exports, port - and energy policy, causes of flight etc. alone.
The German Trade Union Federation (DGB) approved the summit, but took part in actions and demonstrations for a “fair globalization” and a fair distribution of income and assets. The DGB chairman, Reiner Hoffmann, expected rather increasing national conflicting interests, especially in the politics of climate change, the labor market and development. Nevertheless, the G20 remains important as a counterweight to the protectionism of the US president. Peaceful protests are legitimate, violence must be resolutely rejected. Katja Karger , chairwoman of the DGB regional association in Hamburg, saw opportunities that workers' rights would also be discussed at the summit.
The governing parties SPD Hamburg and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Hamburg called for the demonstration. Hamburg shows a stand . It should take place parallel to the final demonstration, be emphatically non-violent and only criticize individual summit participants. Summit opponents rejected a demonstration by summit supporters. Supporters also missed the announced “attitude” towards the summit. The supporters of the large demonstration around Jan van Aken (Die Linke Hamburg) saw it as an attempt to split. The "question of violence" is inflated to keep people away from protests.
For the summit week, many alliances and initiatives organized further protests and events that were intended to show alternatives to capitalism . By June 27, 2017, 27 demonstrations had been registered for the two summit days. A total of over 100,000 demonstrators were expected.
Conflicts over protest camps
G20 opponents wanted to set up an “anti-capitalist camp” for up to 10,000 people in Hamburg's city park and hold protests there from June 30th to July 9th, 2017. Hamburg's city administration banned the camp as a potential source of danger under the Green Area Ordinance. The Higher Administrative Court confirmed the ban on June 23rd: The organizers' concept does not focus on giving opinions. The BVerfG ruled on June 28th: The camp falls under the right of assembly. However, the city could impose conditions on the location and scope. The Hamburg police continued to forbid a camp with overnight tents because they saw it as a preparation for violent actions. The camp operators criticized this as a breach of the constitution and announced spontaneous protests in the urban area.
On June 27, a large district assembly in Hamburg-St. Pauli citizens to offer foreign demonstrators free sleeping places. On June 30th, the organizers of “Yes we camp” reached a compromise with the police and started setting up a protest camp without sleeping facilities in Hamburg-Lurup . On July 1, the Hamburg administrative court allowed a sleep camp in Elbpark Entenwerder , which is far from the prohibited zone . On July 2, however, the police blocked the access roads on Dudde's instructions and assigned the organizers a much smaller area without written justification: the distant camp also offers “retreats for militant opponents of the summit”. In the evening she surrounded the camp, confiscated eleven sleeping tents and injured several people with pepper spray. Critics spoke of a "coup by the police against the judiciary". The Rote Flora moved their evening plenary meeting to Entenwerder. Campers registered a spontaneous demonstration on the access road. In the afternoon they pitched tents on the Rathausmarkt: Hamburg had to choose between the rule of law and the police state . The final rally there of the “G20 wave of protests” and Amnesty International supported their demands. Interior Senator Grote, on the other hand, reaffirmed the ban on overnight camps; one knows that behind it stands “the militant, autonomous scene”. The Left Party demanded Grote's resignation. On July 3, the Hamburg Administrative Court upheld the police ban on sleeping tents, kitchens and showers. Because of this, the organizers canceled the camp in Entenwerder on July 4th. The police evacuated a few smaller camps in the city center shortly afterwards. Decentralized camps were set up at the churches of St. Johannis (Altona) and St. Trinitatis (Altona) , in the Millerntor Stadium of FC St. Pauli and in the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg-St. George .
On July 5, the Higher Administrative Court finally approved 300 sleeping tents for up to 900 people in Entenwerder. However, the organizers no longer built it up. The city also only approved a second protest camp in the Altonaer Volkspark in a remote area and without sleeping tents, toilets and kitchens. After the Higher Administrative Court had allowed 300 tents there, the police tolerated the construction of 1,000 sleeping tents.
Actions in the summit week
| date | event | Number of participants | image |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd July | G20 wave of protests | 10,000 |
|
| July 4th | Hard corners | several 1000 | |
| 5th July | I'd rather dance as the G20! | 11,000 (P) - 20,000 (V) |
|
| 5th July | 1000 characters | ~ 1000 |
|
| 5th-6th July | Global Solidarity Summit | 1500 | |
| July 6th | Welcome to Hell | 12,000 |
|
| 7th of July | Block G20 - color the red zone Shut down the logistics of capital |
several 1000 | |
| 8th of July | Unlimited solidarity instead of G20 Hamburg shows its attitude |
50,000 (P) - 76,000 (V) 3,000 - 5,000 |
|
The “G20 wave of protests” on July 2nd took place in the city center and with 130 boats on the Inner Alster . The organizers were the Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation Germany , Campact , DGB District North , Greenpeace , Nature Conservation Association Germany , Friends of Nature , Oxfam and WWF . Around 10,000 participants called for “creating fair world trade - saving the climate - fighting social inequality - strengthening democracy”. In the port, a coal freighter was labeled with the slogan End Coal .
On the evening of July 4th, the alliance “Alles Allen” and Freie Sender Kombinat organized “ hedonistic mass corning ”. Thousands of people took part, especially in the neighborhoods adjacent to the summit area, occupied sidewalks and street corners, set up information stands and played music. The police later cleared the Neuer horse market junction with water cannons.
On July 5th, 30 artists from Berlin and Hamburg had prepared the art performance "1000 Gestalten". In the process, figures in completely gray make-up and dressed slowly walked through Hamburg-HafenCity and the inner city to Burchardplatz in order to point out "the effects of capitalism in its current form". Finally, they threw off their gray clothes and turned into colorful protest. In the evening up to 20,000 people marched from the St. Pauli Landungsbrücken to the Gänsemarkt in Hamburg-Neustadt at the “Night Dance Demonstration” organized by the “Alles Allen” alliance .
On July 5th and 6th, Attac, BUND and Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung organized the summit for global solidarity , which was attended by around 1,500 people. Over 70 events took place mainly at the Kampnagel and in the Museum der Arbeit in Barmbek . The main topic was the question of which economic form can overcome poverty, exploitation and the destruction of nature and enable a self-determined, solidary, humane life. Individual topics were about:
- unpaid care work by women,
- Consequences of mining in resource-rich countries,
- Consequences of the EU austerity policy in southern Europe,
- Connections between climate change, wars and mass exodus,
- exploitative employment relationships,
- unfair commercial contracts,
- Protest strategies and alliances,
- one's own daily entanglement in capitalism.
In her opening speech, civil rights activist and ecologist Vandana Shiva described her 30-year struggle against international seed companies such as Monsanto , whose Green Revolution is forcing farmers in India to use pesticides and fertilizers, to buy patented seeds and to go into debt, poisoning the soil, grown crops Destroy culture and ultimately drive tens of thousands of farmers to suicide while the corporations are making money. Digital agriculture turns those who have previously been able to live from the yield of land into recipients of social assistance or basic income. The G20 doesn't care because they only serve global financial capital. Other speakers were agricultural economist Fanwell Kenala Bokosi (Zimbabwe), Luciana Ghiotto (Argentina) and economist Patrick Bond (South Africa). They described how the public-private investment partnerships of G20 countries, investment clauses in free trade agreements and requirements of the IMF increased the mass impoverishment in their countries and their indebtedness. Some rely on the insight of G20 leaders, others on changed world market rules, still others on a social revolution that has to be prepared for the next world economic crisis. On July 6, representatives of church groups discussed the connection between climate change, agricultural policy, nutrition, hunger and mass exodus.
The Rote Flora had registered the demonstration Welcome to Hell - For a world of solidarity - against the G-20 summit for July 6th . It should run from the Altona fish market via Hafenstrasse , Reeperbahn , Max-Brauer-Allee, Schlump, Grindelallee, Dammtor to the Millerntor . Among other things, speakers for the Lampedusa refugees , the bands Die Goldenen Zitronen , Neonschwarz and Irie Révoltés performed on one stage. The police were on site with a large number. Although she expected thousands of people to be violent, she had not imposed any conditions. According to their information, around 12,000 demonstrators had arrived by 7:00 p.m., including around 1,000 masked people; According to reports, there were 600. Water cannons blocked access to Hafenstrasse. The police called on peaceful demonstrators to move away from masked people. Your spokesman Timo Zill asked to remove disguises, otherwise you shouldn't move on. Access units have been contracted. Several plainclothes policemen marched in disguises in the black block. Many masked people, not all, took off their disguise. Until then, there was no violence from the demonstrators; these isolated a single bottle thrower. Then several hundreds moved from the sides into the crowd in order to separate the “black block” from the rest of the demonstrators (according to their later reasoning). Now bottles and objects were thrown. Sometimes there was panic and fleeing demonstrators were injured. The police dispersed the march. About 8,000 demonstrators later gathered for a newly registered demonstration, which went along the agreed route without incident.
On the morning of July 7th, the alliance “Block G20” organized sit-in blockades with the aim of “Blocking G20 summits and making the red zone colorful”. At the same time, the “shut-down Hamburg” alliance blocked a traffic junction in the port in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg in order to symbolically disrupt the “smooth flow of capitalism”. Thousands of participants tried to hinder the arrival of the state guests. They penetrated the “red zone” from several sides and occupied intersections. Trump's convoy of vehicles had to take a detour, Jean-Claude Juncker and Donald Tusk were late for an appointment, Wolfgang Schäuble canceled a panel discussion, and Melania Trump could not leave her hotel in the morning. The police cleared sit-ins with water cannons. According to her, Putin's hotel, a police station and a helicopter were attacked and police cars were damaged. The police resolved further attempts to block the Hamburg Michel, the Landungsbrücken and the Berliner Tor with baton deployments. After attacks on delegation vehicles, high-ranking state guests should drive from the exhibition grounds directly to the Elbphilharmonie in the afternoon.
According to the police, over 50,000 people took part in the final demonstration on July 8th from Deichtorplatz to Millerntor, and according to the organizers 76,000 people without major incidents. According to the police, 3,000 people took part in the alternative event “Hamburg shows attitude”, and a maximum of 5,000 people according to observers. It began with an ecumenical church service in St. Katharinen and a “festival for democracy and human rights” and ended at the fish market. In the closing service, Bishop Charles Jason Gordon from Barbados criticized the high indebtedness of 116 countries , the globally unequal ownership structure, a lack of “moral energy” and the IMF's policy of increasing poverty. Fehrs and Heße criticized acts of violence by demonstrators as abuse of democratic rights.
Riots and crimes
Burned out car
Destroyed and looted shop in the Schanzenviertel
Burning barricade in the Schanzenviertel
Autonomous graffiti in the Schanzenviertel
According to the police, over a hundred arson attacks were carried out across the country before the summit. In September 2016, allegedly left-wing autonomists set fire to two cars belonging to a Hamburg police director and his wife in front of their private home, justifying this, among other things, with his role in the G20 and declaring the houses and private vehicles of police officers to be “legitimate targets”. In March 2017, strangers carried out several arson attacks in which a total of six Hamburg police vehicles burned out and others were badly damaged. On June 18, unknown persons carried out arson attacks on 12 sections of the route and signal systems of Deutsche Bahn in Germany in order to interrupt “the all-encompassing economic exploitation” (according to the confessional letter from a group of Shutdown G20 - taking Hamburg off the network! ).
On July 6th after the dissolution of the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration, individual groups set fire to cars and barricades in several parts of the city, destroyed shop windows and attacked police officers, including Timo Zill, who was unharmed. On the morning of July 7th, black-hooded people marched through Altona, set fire to cars parked in Elbchaussee and other streets, smashed windows and damaged police cars. The Honorary Consul of Mongolia had to leave the office of his villa after throwing stones. The police later announced that they had systematically discovered secret depots on Elbchaussee with masking material, black clothing and pyrotechnics.
According to police protocols, up to 500 people erected barricades in the Schanzenviertel from 7:00 p.m., set them on fire, threw firecrackers at the emergency services and armed themselves with iron bars. The police then relocated water cannons and other units in front of the street shoulder blade . After 9:00 p.m. these forces advanced, but withdrew after throwing stones and bottles. They fired gas grenades and a warning shot . From 9:31 p.m., the emergency services refused Dudde's order to advance because of feared danger to his life. He therefore requested special forces (SEKs). During these hours, various perpetrators broke into some shops and ransacked them. According to the police, others shot with twins at the emergency services. Some of them threw rocks from the roof of the house on the shoulder blade 1 at the police officers and an object on fire, which went out (according to the police, a Molotov cocktail). Two SEKs cleared nine buildings, initially firing rubber bullets at the edge of the roof and aiming lasers at people. They used special ammunition and loud diversion ammunition to clear them. According to the commando leader, the SEK was prepared for terrorist attacks and was allowed to use firearms for self-protection because offenders were expected to be armed with firearms. Suspected people surrendered immediately and did not attack the police. According to the Hamburg Senate, the use of firearms against persons was not approved for the SEKs. According to the statements of those affected, SEK officers threatened marked paramedics who were treating the injured with submachine guns, let them step out one by one with raised hands, felt them and led them out of the neighborhood. Afterwards, several shocked helpers asked for emergency psychological help and stopped working.
Media reports questioned that an armed ambush had forced the police to wait. Dudde only cited a single roof cast as the reason for this. The owner of the associated house had informed the police days beforehand that there were scaffolding as access to the roof and gave them the house key. When asked why she hadn't secured the building beforehand, spokesman Timo Zill replied on July 14th that no one suspected of planned attacks. Many of the roofs on that street had been occupied and thrown objects. On July 19, however, the operations managers did not present any evidence to the Interior Committee. Thermal images of a helicopter were only taken after the SEK evacuation began and possibly only showed a firecracker, not a Molotov cocktail. According to eyewitnesses, only bystanders had climbed onto other roofs. According to witnesses, there were only spectators on the scaffolding of the house on Shoulder Blade 1 who did not throw anything. Operations leader Michael Zorn claimed, however, that SEK officers had been pelted with iron bars, stones and wooden pallets from there. Observers ask, for example, why the police did not advance through open side streets into the shoulder blade, which the SEK only requested after observing the scene for hours, it only arrived a long time afterwards, had only checked a few roofs and the Federal Police had advanced along with it despite alleged danger to life. On October 6, 2017, the Hamburg police admitted that they had not found any evidence of the alleged life-threatening ambush. References to “homemade iron spears” have not been confirmed. Nonetheless, Zill reiterated his initial account.
On the evening of July 8th, around 600 people gathered again in the Schanzenviertel. Some threw bottles, stones or firecrackers and set barricades on fire again. This time the police quickly put out the fires with water cannons and cleared several streets. She used pepper spray and tear gas and arrested some people. On both days of the summit, two civil servants in different situations each fired a warning shot.
Even right-wing extremists came to the G20 protests; how many and what they participated in is unclear. The “Anti-Capitalist Collective” (AKK), Young National Democrats (JN) and the Hooligans Against Salafists (HoGeSa) had called for a trip to Hamburg. AKK and JN indicated the arrival of several groups in their network; the AKK expressed sympathy for acts of violence. Participants identified as “ identities ” were expelled from the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration . During the riots on the night of 7./8. On July 25th, witnesses for leftists heard atypical shouts and saw stones thrown at police officers from that group. On July 9, the right attacked a pub on Hafenstrasse. Those familiar with the scene questioned the unproven information from journalist Andreas Scheffel that he had recognized up to 70 neo-Nazis on site and classified the information from AKK and JN as self-promotion. According to its own information, the federal government had no knowledge of the organized participation of right-wing extremists in riots.
On July 10th, around 10,000 Hamburg residents followed the call “Hamburg cleans up” published on Facebook and removed traces of excesses.
Police assault
Since the summit, many video recordings have appeared on the Internet of police officers hitting, kicking or pushing demonstrators, journalists and bystanders. Often they do not show the whole story, but eyewitnesses also reported disproportionate police behavior. For example, two officers sprayed pepper spray on a woman who had climbed onto a police evacuation vehicle. On videos, a policeman hits a man in the face with his fist, who is preventing the police bus from continuing; several police officers kick a protester lying on the ground; beat a fleeing demonstrator with batons, a third hit him in the face from the other side with his fist; beat encircled demonstrators fleeing over a wall from behind; step on fallen people lying on the ground; direct water cannon beams specifically at individuals on sloping house roofs. Overall, some journalists had the impression that the Hamburg police were systematically intent on escalating.
On July 7th, at 6:35 am at the Rondenbarg, the Hamburg fire department registered 14 patients who had to be transported by ambulance to the surrounding emergency hospitals. 11 patients were seriously injured and three patients were slightly injured. Some people fell four meters as a result of confronting the police. Eleven seriously injured when falling from a fence said that police officers insulted them, brought the fence to collapse and kicked people who had fallen. A protester is said to have been pushed into a doorway by a police unit and brutally mistreated while trying to get away from the tumult. The police had told him that they would take revenge on him for the deeds of others, threatened to break his bones and kill him, hit him several times in the face, twisted his arms, pushed his head down to knee level, insulted him while being led away, running him against a lamp post, breaking his nose with one punch. Then he was held in a police car without first aid, only driven into the buttocks after hours, humiliated there naked and kept waiting for a doctor for more hours. Another doctor later refuted his diagnosis that his nose was not broken. He was given a lawyer call very late and was released after 11 hours without any explanation. A hobby filmmaker who filmed masked stone throwers reported that a police squad had beaten him for minutes in a doorway and kicked him in the head with boots. The hospital counted 21 wounds all over the body, including a bruised skull. An uninvolved local resident described that a police unit had pushed her to the ground, beaten her lying down and inflicted several bruises. An arrested city official described the situation in the Gesa: lawyers had not been allowed to see the prisoners for up to 24 hours. In 14 hours he only received some food when asked, a foreigner not before. The windowless cells had no functioning ventilation and mattresses. The inmates were woken every hour and asked for their names, allegedly because of the risk of suicide. He experienced this sleep deprivation as torture . Participants in a street party on Feldstrasse report that a SFOE unit stormed the party without warning, injured five guests, some seriously, confiscated the music system and initially prevented helpers from carrying away a seriously injured person. You wrote an open letter to Interior Senator Andy Grote.
Also on July 6th, a number of journalists reported, including the freelance photographer Christian Mang, Götz Rubisch ( Radio Corax ), WDR 5 , Frank Schneider ("Bild" newspaper), Flo Smith ( Independent Television News ), an author of the F magazine , die taz, perspective online : Police officers would have verbally threatened, beaten, kicked, attacked you and / or colleagues with pepper spray or water cannons, often despite showing press IDs and visible camera equipment, even in quiet situations away from danger zones, declaring press IDs worthless or invalid and entire streets closed to reporters for no apparent reason. Video recordings document such attacks. Hans-Jürgen Burkard ( Stern ) provided photos of a targeted water cannon attack on him, which destroyed his camera equipment, and testified to a targeted attack in the face with tear gas. Erik Marquardt reported that he had observed such cases and had been forced to leave and kicked despite his press card. The following day a police officer tried to snatch his camera from him. The DJV Federal Chairman Frank Überall therefore warned on July 7th of police violence against journalists in Hamburg. On July 10th, he asked the BKA in an open letter to clear up such attacks, ignoring press IDs, verbal abuse and the exclusion of accredited journalists as soon as possible.
On July 7th, a protester's arm was broken at a checkpoint in front of the security zone in the Karolinenviertel and she also suffered bruises on her back. The woman said she was pulled from her bicycle and kicked by the police. The wrist then had to be operated on. The police said they had started an internal investigation.
On July 8, a hundred searched the "International Center" B5 in St. Pauli and, without a search warrant, the adjoining cinema and a private apartment. This was justified with information from the Office for the Protection of the Constitution on "dangerous objects" and imminent danger ; pyrotechnics was found. Those affected complained of property damage and assaults. On July 9th, the Berlin police checked the personal details of hundreds of bus travelers coming from Hamburg, whom they viewed as possible witnesses for crimes committed by the G20. Members of the Green Youth and Left Youth Solid testified to physical attacks and insults. According to the Senate Department, the police acted against suspected criminals without any legal basis and took photos of all bus travelers, which they had to delete. Those affected reported that they had been refused access to the toilet and drinks. Some filed criminal charges against the practice. Berlin's Senator for the Interior Andreas Geisel (SPD) wanted to investigate the allegations.
According to further witness reports that were documented by the Taz , police officers kicked individuals from behind in the legs during the summit, then on them, pushing them against a rock with momentum; punched someone in the face who spoke of wrongdoing; People first ran around and then hit people lying on the ground; hit with full force without warning; blocked the removal of a seriously injured woman for several minutes; shot at celebrating neighboring families with tear gas; kicked a fire extinguisher so that he broke his knee; struck down a drunk and kicked him; beat a man wordlessly to the ground during an ID check; hit a punk in a crowd. Since July 12, 2017, the internet portals g20-doku.org and Police Brutality at G20 summit set up by opponents of the summit have been documenting police attacks.
Of the 148 preliminary investigations initiated against police officers, 78 were closed (as of mid-November 2018); So far there have been no charges or penalties.
consequences
Injured
Operations manager Dudde initially named 476 officers injured at the G20 summit and many seriously injured. According to the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, these injuries were reported from June 22nd to July 10th, 2017, 231 of them from July 6th to 9th. Injuries also included heat-related dehydration, circulatory problems and other sickness reports, even afterwards. According to press reports, 455 officers were available the following day, 21 after several days, and two were considered seriously injured. Police professor Rafael Behr criticized that the police equated health-related absences from work with violent injuries and made politics with the highest possible number of injuries. On July 19, Dudde stated that 592 police officers had been deliberately injured during the G20 operation. When asked on July 26th, the Hamburg Senate stated that 400 officers had been injured between July 7th and 9th, 182 of them by irritant gas. Many would have been injured or reported sick beforehand.
Against Dudde's order and without consulting him, police units from five federal states fired irritant gas projectiles from multi-purpose pistols in 67 cases. According to Police President Meyer, they were allowed to do this in dangerous situations without prior permission. The Senate did not disclose which substances were involved.
According to the Hessen Ministry of the Interior, G20 opponents were said to have attacked and injured 130 Hessian police officers with pepper spray. Demonstration observers doubted this and attributed irritation to the airways of police officers to self- fire. According to Rafael Behr, autonomous irritant gas bullets were most likely thrown back by the police.
There is no official information on the total number of injured demonstrators. In Hamburg hospitals, 189 patients with “demonstration-typical injuries” (broken bones on arms and ribs, head cracks, cuts, bruises) were treated during the summit days, around 90 percent of them on an outpatient basis. There are also cases that were treated by self-organized demonstration paramedics and in hospitals outside of Hamburg.
costs
According to press reports before the summit, this federal and state governments will cost at least 130 million euros, a large part of it for security measures. For federal organizations alone, costs of around 32 million euros were estimated. The federal government is subsidizing the city of Hamburg's expenses for the G20 summit and the OSCE summit in December 2016 with a further 50 million euros. In general, the overall costs for the G20 meeting were expected to be higher because the smaller G7 summit at Schloss Elmau in 2015 cost the state about 113 million euros. According to the Senate, the construction, equipment and operation of the Gesa and the local court branch cost around 6.2 million euros. By October, the city of Hamburg had spent almost 21 of the federal government's 50 million euros on foreign police forces. Saxony-Anhalt billed half a million euros for the use of 466 riot police, over a hundred vehicles and a helicopter at G-20. At the end of October, the Hamburg Senate admitted that the costs for the police operation would exceed the federal grant of 50 million euros and that the city would have to bear these additional costs. The Federal Government's Ministry of Finance said it had spent 72.2 million euros on the summit. In March 2018, the costs for the police operations have now been determined, a total of around 85 million euros were spent on the police operations.
On July 18, the German Insurance Association (GDV) estimated damage to private cars, houses and businesses caused by riots at up to twelve million euros. In addition, there is so far unquantified damage to roads, city buildings, railway systems and police vehicles. Merkel and Scholz promised financial compensation. A hardship fund from the federal government and the city of Hamburg to compensate for damage caused by the G20 riots with a volume of up to 40 million euros is intended to cover property damage "for which there is no insurance cover". The federal government and the city agreed to each assume half of the costs.
In September, dealers from the city center demanded compensation in the tens of millions for lost sales that they attributed to the G20 campaign. 62 traders in the Schanzenviertel demanded a total of 362,000 euros for a 20 percent drop in sales. The hardship fund does not cover such losses. The red-green Senate, however, granted those affected to reimburse costs for securing business, for increased insurance premiums and loss of sales that threatened the existence of the company. By October 14, a total of 437,000 euros had been paid out from the hardship fund, including 160 cases of vehicle damage, 106 damage to buildings and 93 "other damage". The Chamber of Commerce submitted 167 further applications from traders to the Senate, mostly for compensation for loss of revenue that threatened the existence of the company or for reimbursement of costs for protective measures and security services. According to media reports, the hardship fund had paid out 605,000 euros to companies and private individuals by the end of December. This resulted in a response from the Senate to a small request from the FDP in the citizenry.
Investigations
According to the police, between June 22 and July 9, 2017, 345 crimes were reported, 186 people arrested, 225 others were taken into custody and 51 arrest warrants were issued. By July 11, the police released all 13 people arrested at the shoulder blade 1 building as they could not be proven to have participated in acts of violence. As of July 26, 35 people were still in custody, including 13 Germans, six Italians, three French, one each from Russia, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Hungary, Senegal and Poland. 17 of them were initially accused of resisting law enforcement officers; during the first detention check, the allegation was expanded to include assault. Since July 1, 2017, this has also included the mere pushing or pushing of a police officer who was not injured. This is punished with at least three months imprisonment, in the case of a group act with at least six months imprisonment. Further allegations are serious breach of the peace, attempted dangerous bodily harm, violations of the ban on masking, damage to property, burglary, and even interference with air traffic. According to a lawyer, some are accused of participating in rioting that had not yet taken place when they were arrested. 152 investigations into criminal offenses are ongoing at the summit, 51 of them against unknown persons. Only two or three of the detainees belong to the autonomous scene.
The Hamburg police set up a special commission called “Black Block” and an information portal for uploading digital photos and videos. Over 1000 files had been received by July 11th. Around 140 public prosecutors worked extra shifts to decide on arrest warrants in order to speed up the process. Federal Justice Minister Heiko Maas asked EU colleagues for help. According to criminologists, however, this is more likely to detect undisguised followers than organized, ideologically convinced violent criminals. Violations of the ban on masking would usually not be punished. Autonomous centers are rarely involved in violence. Demands to close them are symbolic politics and could escalate the conflict. By the end of August, the number of G20-related crimes identified by the Special Commission between January and July 2017 had risen to over 2,000. The Hamburg public prosecutor opened a further 108 preliminary investigations. At the end of September 2017, the public prosecutor's office conducted 319 investigations against suspects known by name. The special commission said it was evaluating 25,000 individual videos and 7,000 references from the population.
The Bild newspaper showed under the title “Wanted! Who knows these G20 criminals? ”Photographs of 18 people, called them“ serious criminals ”and attributed them to crimes that others had committed. According to media experts, the call was ethically questionable and illegal, as only the police are allowed to call for searches. This declared that she did not work with "Bild" and had not issued any search calls against G20 participants. She had previously warned against an "online hunt" against an innocent person, which had triggered a false report in the Bild newspaper. The Berlin Police Union (GdP), on the other hand, shared the “Bild” call on their Facebook page. The German Press Council is checking whether the appeal violates the protection of privacy and the presumption of innocence . The DPolG Königsbrunn first published the unpixeled photo of a demonstrator on Facebook with the text "WANTED: This is the 'demonstrator' who stole our colleague's eyes with a bang!" (Spelling error in the original). Only after the Hamburg police had made it clear several times that no police officer had been blinded by firecrackers and that the photo did not show any suspects did the DPolG cancel their appeal. However, this was now widespread on the Internet.
By August 4, 2017, the number of arrest warrants had dropped from 51 to 33. The German who tried to blind a helicopter pilot with a laser pointer was accused of no longer attempted murder, only of "dangerous interference with air traffic" - he was later accused Sentenced to six months in prison. Until then, according to press reports, no suspects had been caught who set parked cars on fire and smashed shop windows of buildings. Police initiated investigations into serious breaches of the peace against 59 of 73 demonstrators arrested on the morning of July 7th. The operation leader stated that his unit was "massively and deliberately pelted with bottles, firecrackers and Bengalos". Stones hit officials and vehicles. This “dangerous attack” had to be fended off. According to the LKA analysis, however, a police video of the incident showed far less violence. Nevertheless, the Federal Police Inspectorate Norman Großmann presented "immediate massive throwing" as a fact in the interior committee. Media representatives found only three Bengali throws and a maximum of two stone throws on the video before the order was issued, as well as stones on the road after the police had advanced. For Rafael Behr and the legal scholar Ulrich Karpen, too, the police video does not prove any of the alleged "worst riots" and "civil war-like conditions".
During the protests, the police used at least one IMSI catcher to locate and tap cell phones; Another protester saw on July 9th at the Gesa in Harburg. The federal government had previously ruled out nationwide surveillance. However, activists discovered the use of IMSI catchers at the “Welcome To Hell” demonstration. The left-wing parliamentary group criticized the measure in a citizenship inquiry, as it also includes many bystanders without those affected knowing about it or the grounds for suspicion. The Senate declined to provide details in order not to weaken the ability to obtain information. He granted 38 applications for the collection of radio cell queries and 37 locations with "silent SMS" by the Hamburg Office for the Protection of the Constitution . Several protesters asked the police to unlock their cell phones in order to collect their serial numbers . On July 8th, police officers from several Hamburg hotels demanded the surrender of personal data of all Italian guests without legal justification.
By September 6, 2017, the Hamburg Department for Internal Investigations (DIE) initiated 95 investigations against police officers, mostly for alleged bodily harm in office, including eight times for the use of irritant gas. In other cases, there are disproportionate use of force, threats, coercion, sexual harassment, insult and breach of official secrecy. The police's own video and radio recordings, private internet videos and information from the population are evaluated as possible evidence. Those affected hardly reported; 60 percent of the reports came from observers, in 40 percent of the reported cases the victims were unknown. Officials mostly commented on allegations in detail. The DIE is investigating a further 75 suspected cases because of video material and is also investigating a criminal complaint against Dudde's operations management team. The special commission "Black Block", in which 170 officers evaluate the available video material, is supposed to report recordings of misconduct and possible criminal offenses by police officers to the DIE; however, it does not have its own representative in the Commission. One G20 opponent is suing the Hamburg Administrative Court against his detention in the Gesa, another against a residence ban issued during the summit. The Socialist Youth of Germany - Die Falken in North Rhine-Westphalia reported to the Hamburg police because they held young people, some of them minors, in a bus they organized on the way to the G20 for hours without explanation in the Gesa, some of them being forced to undress, naked had been scanned and prevented her from contacting lawyers. The complaint was also maintained after an apology from Interior Senator Andy Grote. Police chief Meyer also apologized and explained the incident with a reading error in the license plate. Senate representatives called for clarification. The effort and the detention of the 44 young people for hours was later declared illegal.
After reports from non-Hamburg residents, the Hamburg public prosecutor's office launched an investigation against Rote Flora representatives Andreas Beuth and Andreas Blechschmidt at the end of September 2017 for possible involvement in a serious breach of the peace or incitement to it. According to press reports, the suspicion related to statements of both before the summit on violence. The interventionist Left spokeswoman Emily Laquer is also under investigation.
On December 5, 2017, according to the head of the "Black Block" special commission, Jan Hieber, searches of more than 24 properties, including private apartments and left-wing district centers - in Cologne, Bonn, Siegburg, Göttingen and Stuttgart, among others. It should have been about the incident on July 7th at the Rondenbarg. The raid was therefore directed against 22 accused. The accusation against those involved was a serious breach of the peace, as, according to Hieber's assessment, a mob acting violently in its entirety should have been active at the Rondenbarg. There is therefore an urgent suspicion. A total of 26 laptops and computers as well as 35 cell phones and other storage media such as USB sticks were seized. Among those affected were four already accused members of the Verdi Youth NRW. At the press conference, Hieber initially denied that union members were also the target of the raid. In Göttingen, among other things, there was a search of Meinhart Ramaswamy, a district council member of the Pirate Party . Although Ramaswamy was not even in Hamburg, the police confiscated all of his hard drives, as well as the family's cell phones. In Göttingen there were also two injured during the police operation on another object. One person suffered a bruise on their chest and had to be hospitalized, and the other suffered a head injury. Meanwhile, the public prosecutor's office is investigating and a state parliament committee is dealing with the clashes between the protesters and the police at a demonstration against the house searches.
According to an article published on December 6, 2017 by the media magazine ZAPP , the Hamburg police asked numerous media companies to provide their previously unpublished image material in order to “sift through possible evidence and identify offenders”. RTL stated that it had made complete broadcasts available from N-tv . The NDR, the ZDF, as well as the Süddeutsche Zeitung refused to comply with this request. Police chief Ralf Martin Meyer did not rule out the possibility of seizure of video material in individual cases. The politician Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger (FDP) criticizes the Hamburg police for their actions. Freedom of the press and freedom of expression should be protected.
On December 18, 2017, when the photos of initially 104 and later 107 suspect people were published on the Hamburg police website, which was approved by the judiciary, nine people could be clearly identified by Christmas 2017 on the basis of more than 200 reports from the population. The nine identified people were then taken from the public wanted.
At the end of December 2017, the Hamburg police spokesman Timo Zill announced that there had been 3,340 investigations against G20 rioters, as well as a good 100 proceedings by the Internal Investigations Department against officials who were deployed at the G20 summit. A policeman who was privately at the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration was identified as throwing beer cans at his colleagues.
According to the Hamburg Senate, there were 138 preliminary investigations up to March 2018, 107 of them for bodily harm in office, against police officers in connection with the G20, none of whom have been charged and 33 have been discontinued.
On May 29, 2018, police officers from Hamburg's Black Block special commission, with the support of other police departments and the EU judicial authority Eurojust, searched objects in Italy, Spain, France and Switzerland because of the devastation on Hamburg's Elbchausee. A 27-year-old was arrested in Switzerland.
Up to August 2018, the SoKo Schwarzer Block had 3400 preliminary investigations, of which 723 were running against 840 accused known by name.
Legal proceedings
The Hamburg Higher Regional Court (OLG) conducts the trials against arrested protesters. Particular attention was paid to the case of the 18-year-old Italian Fabio V .: A judge justified his arrest warrant with alleged “considerable systemic or educational deficiencies”, “harmful inclinations” and the “sensitive imprisonment” to be expected, without hearing him to obtain a psychological opinion and check the police video. The public prosecutor accused Fabio V. of having "contributed to the civil war-like conditions" that had developed out of his group after his arrest. “Fundamental guarantees of the German legal order” such as “ human dignity ” are meaningless to him. Critics saw it as a judiciary of convictions : The OLG wanted to punish him severely on behalf of unaccounted G20 violent criminals , as Mayor Scholz had demanded. The former federal judge Thomas Fischer emphasized: Detention judges should not only evaluate the personality of an accused summarily from his files and should not anticipate any sentencing. That is an inadmissible prejudice. The emeritus law professor Ulrich Karpen emphasized that a perpetrator may only be prosecuted in the rule of law for acts committed. No one should be blamed for an "overall impression" of civil war conditions.
At the end of August, the BVerfG dismissed a constitutional complaint by the defense attorney against the arrest warrant: the judge was only able to watch the police video afterwards, which revealed several stones being thrown. The process began on October 16, 2017. The prosecution accused Fabio V. of participating in a protest march from which 14 stones and four pyrotechnic objects were thrown at police officers, but did not assign him a specific act. The defense attorney filed a request for bias against the judge: The judge had justified the pre-trial detention "too superficially" and failed to appreciate other exonerating images from the demonstration. The media falsely reported that, according to the indictment, Fabio V. threw all 18 objects himself. Others warned against "dehumanizing a defendant": the rule of law does not provide for a scapegoat . A release from prison decided by the OLG was delayed by a complaint by the public prosecutor and a court order to change the deposit in the name of Fabio V. On November 27, 2017, he was released from pretrial detention after fulfilling the condition, but obliged to report to the police three times a week. In early January reporting to the police was reduced to twice a week. He and his mother moved into an apartment in Hamburg for the duration of the trial. The warrant for his arrest still exists. At the end of February 2018, the process was temporarily terminated after the judge responsible had not appeared on the last day of the trial because she was sick.
From the end of August 2017, accused G20 opponents were convicted, mostly foreigners who were in custody because of the assumed risk of flight. In the first judgment, a 21-year-old Dutchman received a 31-month sentence for throwing two bottles at a police officer. This was rated as a serious breach of the peace, dangerous bodily harm and a particularly serious attack on law enforcement officers. In addition, his embryo position on the ground was interpreted as resistance when he was arrested. The verdict went beyond the prosecutor's request and followed her view that the act had contributed significantly to the serious riots afterwards and that general prevention should be included in the sentence . It has been criticized as an exaggerated, targeted deterrent. On September 22, 2017, the Hamburg Administrative Court ruled for the first time against police officers: it was illegal to detain the members of the Falken who had traveled by bus. Up to October 14, 15 mostly foreigners had been sentenced to prison terms, four of them without parole and two to youth sentences. Most were sentenced to between 12 and 21 months' imprisonment and confessed for throwing bottles. Some judgments are not yet final. 17 accused were still in custody. 260 preliminary proceedings against known and 179 against unknown suspects are still ongoing. The lowest sentence to date of six months suspended prison sentence was given to a 24-year-old Pole who had been arrested near a demonstration and had carried a diving mask , illegal fireworks and pepper spray in his backpack in Germany. This was seen as a violation of the Guns , Explosives and Assembly Acts. The longest prison sentence to date was given to a 28-year-old man from Hamburg who was sentenced to three years in prison in eight cases at the end of November 2017 for a particularly serious breach of the peace, attempted dangerous bodily harm and assault on police officers. He had thrown stones and bottles at police officers over and over again for three hours and was also present when two supermarkets and a drugstore were looted. In June 2018, a court ruled that the hour-long detention of eight Italians had been illegal.
An initially uninvolved police officer who was not on duty was accused of throwing a can of beer in the direction of police officers. He had found the police violence of his colleagues to be "terrifyingly brutal" and claimed to have acted out of anger and helplessness. He was acquitted in June 2020. While the investigations against this police officer were carried out with zeal according to the Zeit, the public prosecutor's office's 157 investigations into police officers who injured demonstrators or treated them disproportionately did not result in any indictments (as of July 2020).
According to internal lists of public prosecutors and courts, a total of 1619 preliminary investigations had been opened by the end of May 2018. 136 indictments have so far resulted in three final prison terms without parole between 16 and 39 months, and more than 30 convictions ended with suspended sentences. Many suspects are released again for lack of evidence or against conditions.
On July 10, 2020, the regional court sentenced five defendants for breach of the peace and aiding and abetting arson: A 24-year-old from France received a three-year prison sentence, a 26-year-old from Hesse received one year and five months' probation and a 24-year-old year old Hesse received a suspended sentence of one year and three months. Two other young men from Hessen at the age of 20 were sentenced to 20 jobs for violating the peace. None of the convicts had thrown any stones, but had participated in the hooded elevator on Elbchausseestrasse.
Criticism of the police
Since July 7th, Andreas Blechschmidt has made the police responsible for the escalation at the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration. Their violent dissolution corresponded to Dudde's overall concept. Most of the autonomists had already taken off their disguises. Lawyers had warned the chief of operations against triggering a mass panic. That was ignored with the full risk of dead and injured. Journalists present also criticized the dissolution as unmotivated and disproportionate violence and a deliberate threat to human life. Demonstrators were wedged between walls in a narrow street canyon and could only escape over a high stone parapet. As photos showed, the police drove them over them with pepper spray and CS irritant gas, including many bystanders, and were therefore partly to blame for the escalation. The police leadership must take responsibility for this. On the other hand, the police saw the throwing of dangerous objects when attempting to separate them as evidence that the demonstration was planned violently from the start and that the intervention was justified.
The legal emergency service (AND) accused her (July 8th) of having sought to disperse the protest groups by force from the start, not to arrest criminals. She immediately and violently broke up spontaneous demonstrations and sit-ins without a negotiation and also met bystanders. She often arrested people with no suspicion just because of external characteristics. In the Gesa, lawyers with flimsy justifications were sometimes not allowed to see them for hours and they were searched naked several times after attorney talks. The Hamburg working group of defense lawyers also criticized the obstruction of lawyers in the Gesa.
The Committee for Fundamental Rights and Democracy accompanied the summit protests with 43 observers and criticized on July 9th: The police had ignored civil and human rights as well as court judgments, also severely restricted or violently dissolved peaceful demonstrations and accepted serious injuries, mostly without transparent ones or understandable police requests. In the interest of the Federal Minister of the Interior and the security authorities, she had "rehearsed the state of emergency". The many attacks, particularly on lawyers, paramedics and journalists, were terrifying and had "unleashed destructiveness" outside of meetings.
Protest researcher Simon Teune ( Institute for Protest and Movement Research Berlin) emphasized on July 9th: The "black block" consists of diverse, only partially violent small groups that decide for themselves depending on the situation. It is well known that a small part is out for confrontation. The police in Hamburg had not given any space to protests from the start, banned overnight camps and set up a prohibited zone, then stopped an approved demonstration and smashed it despite an agreement being reached. They grabbed a crowd with no escape route, hit demonstrators and bystanders at random, and sprayed people standing on a roof with water cannons. All of this “sharpened” groups willing to resist. The Hamburg line had been increased in 2017 until gunmen marched into a street: “We are lucky that there was no death.” Dudde has been following this strategy for years; that Grote and Scholz used him as head of operations, was "escalation with announcement". On the other hand, a de-escalating concept that gives space for demonstrations and ignores minor violations kept riots relatively low at the G8 summit in 2007, although the black bloc was much larger at the time. Attacks on journalists, fires in a residential area and others are also criticized in the autonomous scene. It is encouraging "that many people do not allow themselves to be banned from demonstrating, even in a tense situation."
Heribert Prantl (SZ editor-in-chief) stressed on July 2 against camp bans that the right to assemble and demonstrate was a fundamental right, not a grace. On July 10th, he criticized police attacks on journalists and the withdrawal of accreditation as intolerable attacks on freedom of the press. This should be preserved in conflict situations in order to observe them neutrally. Internal security is not a “super fundamental right” to which all other fundamental rights must be subordinated. The police and the BKA did not play the role of censor who could exclude individual journalists. These are not interferers, but contributors. Security concerns have been put forward because reporters' criminal records are checked before they are accredited.
According to criminologist Joachim Kersten , the Hamburg police always used the wrong strategy: no tolerance of masking on July 6th, waiting for riots on July 7th. It had long been known that parts of the black bloc were ready to use violence and that they were disorganized. Other police leaders managed to de-escalate. Mutual enemy images and a lack of communication between the autonomous and the police are crucial. The police missed the target of positive images from the summit and therefore lost a lot of sympathy, like the violent criminals. She was probably unable to protect state guests and citizens at the same time.
On the other hand, Mayor Scholz “resolutely rejected” from July 9th “any criticism” of police operations and police leadership: “They did everything right and brought about a heroic mission.” “There was no police violence, that's a denunciation that I do decidedly reject it. ”“ Police violence ”is a“ political battlefield ”that discredits the entire police force. Violence and destruction had come from the masked people. Demonstration observer Jan van Aken called the denial of police violence "an outright lie". With this, Scholz suggested to the special committee: “Don't find anything out!” Aken referred to the evacuation of peacefully dancing people on July 4th at the New Horse Market, clubs against fleeing people on the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration, pepper spray against 60 people who were surrounded on 7th July July morning at Michel's and other places. The escalation strategy of the police leadership had encouraged some police officers to commit violent attacks. Only a parliamentary committee of inquiry could clarify this objectively, inspect files and summon people.
The Republican Lawyers Association (RAV) and AND drew a critical balance sheet on July 14th: The police in the Gesa "systematically violated the rights of detainees and lawyers". She denied the former immediate, appropriate medical treatment, denied food for hours, and delayed the appearance before the judge by up to 40 hours. In one night, police officers thwarted any contact between lawyers and clients, lawyers "blocked, insulted and physically attacked", searched clients completely undressed before and after the legal interview, subjected them to degrading harassment and exposed all lawyers to defamatory general suspicion. This has "arbitrarily suspended the rule of law for four days". The RAV demanded a comprehensive investigation, "Consequences for the police, judiciary and politically responsible", and announced legal steps. In a press release on the same day, he criticized:
- a far-reaching ban on demonstrations in the urban area,
- Prevention of overnight camps against court decisions,
- disproportionately violent dissolution of the "Welcome to Hell" demonstration,
- many illegal attacks on protesters,
- Disabilities of lawyers inside and outside the Gesa including physical attacks and the general suspicion against them of promoting criminal offenses,
- significant obstruction of journalists, attacks on them and withdrawal of accreditation without transparent justification,
- severe harassment on arrival and departure of demonstrators,
- untenable, uncorrected descriptions of facts and risk prognoses.
The politically responsible would have reflexively defended these legal violations unconditionally and even glorified them. “The fact that there is now a factual ban on criticizing the police, which, as an executive body, exercises the monopoly of violence, also overrides a central principle of the rule of law: Anyone who has special powers to use force must be constantly and intensively monitored by society and other authorities be. Everything else is the way to the authoritarian state. "
Scholz had maintained that the security of state guests did not take precedence over that of the citizens; he did not know Dudde's general order. Defense attorney Gerhard Strate considered this to be implausible or negligent. The priority for the protection of state guests is a clear breach of the constitution. He referred to a BVerfG ruling from 2005, according to which “the individual can demand to be recognized in the community as an equal member with intrinsic value”. Because Hamburg could not guarantee this protection, the summit should not have taken place there. The fact that the interior authorities approved the “Welcome to Hell” demonstration without mentioning the ban on masking, but the police immediately took action against the foreseeable masking, makes one ask: “Was that a tactical finesse? Did the police leadership want to provoke the conflict? ”He also called for a parliamentary committee of inquiry.
Rafael Behr said that police attacks at G20 had been proven, but were more likely to result from overload. Individual guilt of a civil servant can hardly be determined in Germany. The complex socio-psychological group dynamics that favor violence are legally disregarded. Heroicization of the police makes the necessary processing more difficult. The result of a mere internal check was predictable: “We got almost everything right, this militancy was simply not to be expected. The responsibility rests with the angry people. ”The long-standing Hamburg deployment strategy of not tolerating disguise has never been changed despite legal proceedings and is almost immune to criticism because of the political backing for it.
The police officer, Oliver von Dobrowolski , who was appointed as the conflict manager, attributed a lack of de-escalation and excessively harsh action against summit protests to instructions from the police leadership. Even the camp bans directed the mood towards confrontation and an increasing number of neutral people against the police, who then shouted “All of Hamburg hates the police”. She lost trust and disturbed people by waiting too long in the Schanzenviertel, where there would have been other approaches. Mistakes also happened when many police officers were overtired. Even the decision in favor of Hamburg violated fundamental rights. Dudde's replacement should be considered. The denial of police violence is unrealistic and otherwise only known from dictatorships. The fact that no independent authority investigates police misconduct in Germany is a problem. Only an open-ended approach to the large-scale operation could possibly build trust again.
Most German experts have so far rejected rubber ammunition because of the killing capacity of such agents. In the 1980s the German Conference of Interior Ministers had ruled out rubber ammunition for the police. It had not been used until July 7, 2017. Several Hamburg MPs and police representatives criticized that the shooting of rubber bullets violated the Hamburg Police Act and endangered people. Others justified it as being useful in the exceptional situation. The Senate's special committee should clarify who ordered the shooting and whether it was lawful. Ernst Walter, deputy chairman of the DPolG, demanded nationwide permission for rubber bullets for the police because of the riots. An expert opinion from the Bundestag showed that SEKs in Hesse, the state police of Saxony and the Bundeswehr for Crowd and Riot Control (CRC) have rubber bullets and are allowed to use them without special approval.
At noon on July 7th, the police tweeted without receipt that Molotov cocktails had been thrown at police officers in Holstenstrasse. Many media had taken over the report unchecked and deduced from it the defining image of an armed struggle against the police. The social and cultural scientist Peter Ullrich , who is also active in police research, criticized that the police were not responsible for describing conflicts in which they were a party, and that they were not allowed to create any mood. Gabriele Heinecke (AND) accused the police of deliberate manipulation with fake news .
During a demonstration in Göttingen on December 9, 2017, which was directed against the searches of the special commission "Black Block" and in which 600 people took part, there was an arrest in which the arrested person was injured. The Göttingen police then started investigations against the Braunschweig police .
In December 2017 it became known that police officers of a Hessian police station were able to reread their own statements afterwards. In addition, the files would have been visible to all police officers, which would have made it possible to compare the witness statements. This was sharply criticized by lawyers for the defendants.
On December 18, 2017, the Hamburg police and public prosecutor published photos of suspects on their websites. This approach was criticized by the left-wing politician Christiane Schneider . Both the group of the Greens and the CDU group defended the police action as the last step after previously unsuccessfully exhausted investigative approaches and called on Schneider to resign, since her "disrupted relationship to the rule of law is incompatible with the office of Vice-President of a state parliament" be. The publication of the pictures of alleged perpetrators was also criticized by the Hamburg data protection officer Johannes Caspar and the moderator Jan Böhmermann . The Tagesschau.de reported that one of the pictures was of a right-wing media activist who, according to his own statement, was not involved in looting. Another published photo showed a 17-year-old who put the Bild newspaper on its front page and described the youngster in its lead story as a "riot Barbie". The journalist Anette van Koeverden from NDR, like others, defended the public search of the suspects, as this is subject to very strict legal hurdles and can only be used in serious crimes such as dangerous bodily harm, serious breach of the peace and arson. Hamburg's Justice Senator Till Steffen (The Greens) also defended the measure, as it was carefully examined in each individual case and decided individually by a judge and called for more restraint in the discussions about the decisions of the judiciary. The left-wing politician Martin Dolzer called for the publication to be stopped immediately, although he cited fake news from Deutschlandfunk and Junge Welt , which after examination turned out to be false. He claimed that all search releases were allegedly only approved by a single judge, but this turned out to be untrue after an official statement by the court spokesman for the Hamburg judiciary, as the tests by a dozen judges were carried out on a case-by-case basis.
According to the police, 1,300 people protested on March 17, 2018 under the motto “United we stand” against “against repression and authoritarian formation”.
In May 2018 it emerged that at least 4 plainclothes police officers from the Saxon police were disguised in the black block during the Welcome to Hell demonstration. Christiane Schneider said the conclusion that the observers had deliberately acted as provocateurs in order to escalate the situation was necessary. Criminologist Thomas Feltes criticized the use of the hooded police officers as well as the investigations by the Hamburg authorities.
In the special committee of the Hamburg citizenship in May 2018, citizens from the Schanzenviertel criticized the police for leaving them alone during the nights of the riot. Police attacks on bystanders were also criticized.
In June 2018, Jan Hieber, the head of the Soko "Black Block", admitted that 66 percent of the searches in the prisoner collection point were carried out with complete undressing. That is difficult to explain and in individual cases not at all justifiable.
Political Consequences
As a result of the riots, political consequences were discussed nationwide. Government representatives condemned the riots, for example as “unleashed violence and unrestrained brutality” (Merkel), or as “violence in itself” without political motives (Sigmar Gabriel). Federal Minister of the Interior de Maizière demanded that "rioters" should not even reach the demonstration locations, that they, like hooligans, had to report to the police within certain deadlines or, if necessary, be given shackles . Illegally occupied houses should be vacated immediately. Federal Justice Minister Maas contradicted this: Connections to violent criminals and criminal offenses must always first be specifically proven. Local authorities, which are more familiar with alternative left-wing centers, would have to decide for themselves whether to tolerate them or to close them. Maas pleaded for a Europe-wide extremist database and data exchange in the EU, including on "brutal riot tourists" who had not been convicted, in order to cooperatively keep them away from demonstrations.
The state parliament member Andreas Bialas (SPD) called for a lifelong ban on demonstrations (i.e. the withdrawal of a basic right) for people who had attacked police officers. This also met with criticism in his party. Lower Saxony's Interior Minister Boris Pistorius (SPD) called for the ban on masking to be relaxed and for masking to be downgraded to an administrative offense at gatherings in order to create “scope for de-escalation”.
The CDU and FDP in the Hamburg parliament called on Scholz to resign because he misjudged the situation and failed to keep his promise of a smooth summit. Scholz refused to resign and was supported in this by Chancellor Peter Altmaier (CDU), and a few days later by Merkel. On July 12, 2017, the Hamburg government coalition consisting of the SPD and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen set up a special committee to investigate the events, but rejected a parliamentary investigative shot.
Some federal and state politicians of the CSU, CDU and FDP asked the Hamburg Senate to close the Rote Flora . It was "left propaganda cave", "biotope and nucleus" of left-wing extremism and "logistical hub" for acts of violence at the summit. Hamburg's government coalition wants this to be clarified in the special committee. Hamburg's SPD moved away from its previous line of tolerance and, following the CDU, decided on an action plan that demands a binding rejection of any violence from the Flora representatives and otherwise announces the police evacuation of the building in order to convert it into an apolitical cultural center. On July 19, 2017, 600 to 1000 people demonstrated in Hamburg under the motto "summit of agitation - against the authoritarian formation of society" against plans to close the Rote Flora, among other things.
On August 25, 2017, the Federal Ministry of the Interior banned the left-wing extremist collective Linksunten belonging to the international Indymedia network . It justified the ban with calls for violence on its website, among other things. The measure is considered part of the tougher line against left-wing extremism announced by the Interior Minister after the G20. It has been criticized as a campaign maneuver, an attack on the freedom of the press, closure of a valuable source of research and ineffective because other websites would distribute the same content.
In a parliamentary question, the CDU Baden-Württemberg asked for information on how many train trains were used “specifically for student trips” to the G20 summit, which “calls among students” were known to the universities in the state and which “organizations wrote and distributed these calls “Had. The Ministry of Science and student representatives rejected the request as a general suspicion against students that was incompatible with the right to demonstrate and freedom of expression. The Ministry of the Interior had no evidence of student groups participating in the G20 or calls for G20 protests at universities in the state, but stated that, according to security authorities, 500 of 820 violent left-wing extremists from Baden-Württemberg had been in Hamburg.
On August 31, 2017, the G20 Special Committee was constituted with 19 members from all parliamentary groups in the Hamburg Parliament. In the first phase he wants to deal with the preparation and security concept, in the second implementation and course of action, in the third follow-up and consequences of the summit, including personal injury and property damage, the left-wing extremist scene and allegations against the police. To this end, he is planning a public hearing in the Schanzenviertel. The sessions are to be broadcast as a live stream. The committee is expected to meet every two to three weeks by summer 2018. The cost of the G20 committee work was estimated at around half a million euros.
In September, 80 officers at their own discretion deleted and removed many passages and documents from the collection of files of the Hamburg police on the G20. They justified this with data protection and a threat to the public interest. After criticism, the Senate had parts of the police general order redacted that the media had already published. At the committee meeting on September 21, 2017, Interior Senator Grote defended the blackening of files, but assured that their later submission would be examined. All those involved assumed that the summit in Hamburg was feasible and unquestionably supported Merkel's decision. At the beginning of July, Merkel was assured that the summit would "be carried out largely without disruption". At no point in time was it considered that the security of the people of Hamburg could not be guaranteed. He was not aware of any police concerns about the venue. The Head of the Protection of the Constitution, Torsten Voss, reported in detail on the general meetings of the Rote Flora in front of the G20: The protest was largely organized there. Opposition representatives criticized that concerns were neglected, Grote was informed too late and Scholz communicated too little with the security authorities. Grote had almost only repeated what he had known since the Interior Committee meeting (July 19) and prevented the assured direct questioning of police representatives like Dudde. The short-term refusal of the head of the G7 / G20 staff at the Federal Chancellery who was invited to the survey was also criticized. The CDU parliamentary group threatened to replace the committee with a parliamentary committee with more rights for the opposition.
Debate among summit opponents
On July 8th, Andreas Blechschmidt distanced himself from acts of violence in the Schanzenviertel: This “intoxicated” form of militancy was “politically and substantively wrong”. Deliberate violation of rules as part of autonomous politics knows “red lines” that have been crossed here. Flora lawyer Andreas Beuth initially stated that he had “sympathy for such actions, but please not in your own neighborhood”. “Why not in Pöseldorf or Blankenese ?” Nico Berg (“Block G20”) explained, “It was not part of our campaign”. Two days later, Beuth withdrew his statement: he strictly rejects looting and arson throughout Hamburg, has not called for it and only expressed his lack of understanding of the perpetrators' motives. He doesn't know whether they belong to the autonomous scene. Without the police breaking up the July 6th demonstration, there would have been far less violence.
In an open letter (July 12th), shopkeepers from the Schanzenviertel made “adventure-hungry young people as well as voyeurs and party people” responsible for the riots. Masked people from the Rote Flora and local residents often intervened. To interpret bottle throwing from scaffolding as a life-threatening ambush is incomprehensible. “As local residents, we were more afraid of the armed special forces aiming at our neighbors with machine guns than of the drunk rascals who let off steam here.” Local residents stated that the police “could have ended everything early and with little effort” and were either “ The Italian politician Haidi Giuliani , mother of the protester Carlo Giuliani who was shot at the G8 summit in Genoa in 2001 , criticized the riots, but also showed understanding for the anger of young people : "Because, unlike us, they no longer get what they are entitled to: education, happiness, future, a perspective - none of that."
At the invitation of the Rote Flora , 800 to 1000 residents of affected Hamburg districts discussed the events on July 20 in the Millerntor Ballroom. Blechschmidt again condemned acts of violence in the Schanzenviertel. Flora did not organize protests centrally, only served as an information point and medical station, did not invite militants and did not bring the summit to Hamburg. Local residents emphasized that they had always rejected the G20 in Hamburg. The police contributed to the escalation. Only the nights of the riot are spoken of, not many non-violent protests. The assembly wanted to work for the preservation of flora and other left-wing centers. The Clubkombinat Hamburg e. V. expressed solidarity with the Rote Flora : With the closure debate, politicians are trying to divert attention from their own failure and criticism of the content of the G20 summit, to intervene massively in Hamburg's cultural policy and to criminalize left-wing centers.
Emily Laquer, spokeswoman for the IL, emphasized the success of the protests: Sleep camps were enforced, protocol routes were blocked, the prohibition zone was not recognized, the largest demonstration in Hamburg since the 1980s was organized, so powerlessness against the police was broken up en masse and a state of emergency was delegitimized. The IL always refused actions directed against Hamburg citizens and only called for sit-ins and a peaceful final demonstration. Threatening residents and setting fire to cars was often an unorganized expression of anger at the police harassment that had been experienced for days. With demands to distance themselves and to swear allegiance to the state, leading politicians tried to divert attention from their own failure. The media focused grossly disproportionately on burning cars, not on topics of protest such as 5,000 Mediterranean deaths annually, climate refugees or deportations to Afghanistan. There is no alternative to resistance.
In the specific journal , various authors debated the summit protests. Success reports from organizers (IL, “ all about ”) are unrealistic. The summit was hardly disturbed. In place of effective resistance, a "cult of militancy" and images of the riot act as a means of self-affirmation. The initial criticism of the state's actions quickly turned into kitschy solidarity with the police and a virtual hunt for alleged violent criminals. The organizers could not have influenced the "riots" or made any reference to the protest goals. The traditional " propaganda of the deed " could not illustrate reasonable social criticism. Looting is not an expropriation, but tied to capitalist conditions. There is no strategic clarification in the radical left. Georg Fülberth described how rioting was provoked by the police in German history and used to intensify the repression of the left.
A sticker book called Riotini was published, in which the violent actions of the G20 opponents are glorified. The proceeds go to people who are on trial or who have already been convicted and imprisoned for the violent acts.
Documentaries
- Rasmus Gerlach: The Summit - Performing G20 (2017)
- Nahuel Lopez : Before the Bang (2018)
- Lars Kollros: Festival of Democracy (2018)
- Marco Heinig, Steffen Maurer: Hamburg Grid (2018)
Broadcast reports
- Axel Schröder: Hamburg and the G20 summit - The trenches remain , Deutschlandfunk - "Background" from July 8, 2018
literature
- GoGoGo (Ed.): That was the summit. The protests against G20 in Hamburg . Association A, Berlin / Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-86241-461-1 .
- Committee 17: G20. Traffic problems in a ghost town . Nautilus Verlag, Hamburg 2018. ISBN 978-3-96054-093-9 .
- Karl-Heinz Dellwo , Achim Szepanski , J. Paul Weiler: Riot. What was going on in Hamburg? Theory and Practice of Collective Action . Laika Verlag, Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-944233-91-8 .
- Days in July GbR (ed.) / Taro Tatura, Malte Dröge, Jan Richard Heinicke, Daniel Nide, Leon Küchler, Helena Lea Manhartsberger: "Days in July - G20 in Hamburg - impressions of a protest week" Gudberg Nerger HVerlag, Hamburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-945772-44-7 .
- Andreas Blechschmidt: Violence. Power. Resistance. G20 - Polemic about the means to an end. Unrast Verlag, Hamburg / Münster 2019, ISBN 978-3-89771-829-6 .
Web links
Wikinews: G20 summit in Hamburg 2017 - in the news- Video documentation of the “Welcome to Hell” demo, Hamburger Abendblatt from July 6, 2017
- German Federal Government on G20
- Final declaration
- City of Hamburg to G20
- # NoG20 2017: Information portal on the protests against the G20 summit 2017 in Hamburg
- Mapping # NoG20. Documentation and analysis of the dynamics of violence in the context of the protests against the G20 summit in Hamburg 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Germany should take over the G20 presidency. Spiegel Online (Spon), April 18, 2015
- ↑ Germany hosts G20 summit in 2017. Spiegel Online, November 16, 2015; Germany takes on the G20 presidency in 2017. Press and Information Office of the Federal Government , November 16, 2015
- ↑ Jörn Lauterbach: Why the G 20 meets in the most unsuitable place in Germany. Welt online , July 3, 2017
- ↑ Merkel: Hamburg will host G20 summit in 2017. Schleswig-Holsteinische Zeitung (SHZ), February 13, 2016
- ↑ Markus Klemm: What Hamburg expects at the G20 summit. SHZ, March 30, 2017
- ↑ The date for the G20 summit in Hamburg has been set. Hamburger Abendblatt (evening paper), June 10, 2016
- ↑ Manuel Bewarder, Florian Flade: G-20 summit: The decision in favor of Hamburg was made without consulting the authorities. Welt, September 21, 2017
- ↑ Jörn Lauterbach: Why the G 20 meets in the most unsuitable place in Germany. Welt, July 3, 2017
- ↑ Denis Fengler: Security: G-20 summit in Hamburg puts everything in the shade. World, August 22, 2016
- ↑ Patrick Gensing: Police operation at the G20 summit - "The police are in a dilemma". tagesschau.de , July 6, 2017
- ^ G20 and OSCE meeting in Hamburg: Tumults at information event. World, September 2, 2016
- ^ Summit in Hamburg: "It crashes faster than expected" - Schanzen residents worried before OSCE meeting. SHZ, November 29, 2016
- ↑ Mafo survey: 74.3% say no to the G20 in the middle of Hamburg. Hamburger Morgenpost (MoPo), July 6, 2017
- ^ Jörg Diehl: Raven Black Friday. Spiegel Online (Spon), July 8, 2017
- ↑ De Maizière defends decision for summit location. Süddeutsche Zeitung , July 8, 2017, accessed on August 7, 2020 .
- ↑ Karin Geil: G20 summit - family photo of the summit participants. ; Nils Markwardt: Ceremonial Zombies. Hamburg - G20 summit starts work. Both time online , July 7, 2017
- ↑ a b Participants of the G20 summit on 7./8. July. ( Memento of June 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) g20.org, July 10, 2017
- ^ President Temer is coming to the G20 summit. Handelsblatt , July 3, 2017
- ↑ The Saudi king does not come to the G20 summit in Hamburg. Welt online, July 3, 2017
- ↑ Police start next week. Tagesschau.de, June 15, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Sackmann: G20 Hotels: This is where the heads of state and government lived. Focus , July 9, 2017
- ↑ Angela Ulrich: Political education with Mr. Sauer. Tagesschau.de, July 6, 2017; Marlies Fischer: The beautiful side of Hamburg at the G20 summit. Hamburger Abendblatt, July 8, 2017
- ↑ Francesco Giammarco: Concert on G20: “We will really reward you”. Spon, July 7, 2017
- ^ G20 summit in Hamburg: Shakira, Pharrell Williams and Andreas Bourani come to the free concert. SHZ, June 17, 2017
- ↑ G20 summit: Elbphilharmonie becomes a high-security zone. Hamburger Abendblatt, April 19, 2017; Stefan Grund: When Merkel enters the hall, there is a storm of cheers. World, July 10, 2017
- ^ The G20 planetary system: the participation groups. Heinrich Böll Foundation , December 2016 (PDF)
- ^ BDI: The German B20 presidency.
- ↑ G20 Germany 2017. ( Memento from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) g20.org / Press and Information Office of the Federal Government , December 12, 2016 (PDF; 2.9 MB)
- ↑ Stefan Sauer: The earlier the help, the more effective. Frankfurter Rundschau (FR), May 17, 2017
- ↑ List of demands to Merkel. Welt, April 26, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Titz: Africa at the G20 summit: There is no room for the poorest in the “Merkel Plan”. Spiegel Online (Spon), July 5, 2017
- ↑ G20: The search for compromises begins. ( Memento of July 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) today , July 7, 2017
- ↑ Julian Heissler: A little more than nothing. Tagesschau, July 8, 2017; Anja Günther: "Just past a bankruptcy". Tagesschau, July 8, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Seidler: From above down. Spon, July 8, 2017; G20 participants agree on a final declaration. Time July 8, 2017
- ^ David Böcking: Commercial register postponed. Spon, July 8, 2017
- ↑ G20 participants agree on a final declaration. Time July 8, 2017
- ↑ Bernd Riegert: G20: USA cancel consensus on climate protection. Deutsche Welle , July 8, 2017
- ^ A b c Klaus Henning Glitza: G20 in Hamburg: A challenge for all security forces. Veko, spring 2017
- ↑ Thomas Hirschbiegel: G20 summit in Hamburg: Police are expecting 100,000 counter-demonstrators. MoPo, December 21, 2016
- ↑ Kai von Appen: G20 summit: 1.8 square meters of lingering space. The daily newspaper (taz), May 8, 2017
- ↑ Hamburg police practice convoys for G20 summits. Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR), May 10, 2017
- ↑ Daniel Wüstenberg: Summit preparations - horror at threats from the Senator for the Interior: Hamburg is so nervous about the G20. Stern, May 10, 2017
- ↑ Official Gazette No. 45, Friday, June 9, 2017 ( Memento of July 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Kai von Appen: Prohibition of demonstrations at the G-20 summit: Basic rights overridden on a large scale. taz, June 13, 2017
- ↑ Maik Baumgärtner et al .: Abgebrannt. The mirror 29/15. July 2017, pp. 12–20, quoted on p. 14
- ^ A b Markus Lorenz: Presentation of the police concept: G20 summit in Hamburg: A superlative police operation. SHZ, June 15, 2017
- ^ Christian Unger, Julia Emmrich: Austrian "Cobra" in action. Berliner Morgenpost , July 9, 2017
- ^ G-20 summit: Federal government grants weapons permits for foreign bodyguards. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), June 26, 2017
- ↑ G20 summit: Erdogan comes without his bodyguards. Münchner Merkur , June 26, 2017
- ^ Jörg Diehl, Ansgar Siemens: Police at the G20 summit: high security zone Hamburg. Spon, June 28, 2017
- ↑ Raid before G20 summit: Police search apartments of left-wing extremists in Eimsbüttel. MoPo, June 29, 2017
- ↑ G20 summit in Hamburg: fire extinguishers, Molotov cocktails, Zwillen: police show arsenal of left-wing autonomists. SHZ, July 4, 2017
- ↑ G20: More security forces than previously known. NDR, September 7, 2017
- ↑ Germany introduces border controls at the G20 summit. Welt, May 17, 2017
- ↑ Federal police tighten border controls before G20 summit. Welt, July 1, 2017
- ^ Désirée Föry: The Swiss riot in "Hell". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), July 10, 2017
- ↑ 673 offenders caught during temporary G20 border controls . Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ), July 10, 2017
- ↑ Accreditations for the G20 summit in Hamburg. Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, July 11, 2017
- ^ Jean Philipp Baeck: G20 accreditation withdrawn: No access for left-wing journalists. taz, July 7, 2017
- ^ A b c Matthias Gebauer: Exclusion of journalists: BKA feared disruptions in the summit center. Spon, July 13, 2017
- ^ G20 summit in Hamburg: Chronicle: Journalists in their sights Tagesschau, July 18, 2017
- ↑ Peter Welchering: G20 accreditations: Chaos in the security files. ( Memento from July 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) ZDF, July 21, 2017
- ↑ Stefan Dammann: Weser-Kurier defends itself after being excluded from the photographer. Weser-Kurier, July 8, 2017
- ^ Arnd Henze: G20 accreditation withdrawn: Criticism of the list of journalists' names. Tagesschau, July 11, 2017; Data protection activists appalled by “black list” with journalists. Time July 11, 2017
- ↑ Marvin Schade: Four weeks after the G20: Journalists still have no reason to withdraw their accreditation. Meedia, August 4, 2017
- ↑ Journalists are suing for withdrawal of their accreditation. Der Tagesspiegel , August 9, 2017
- ↑ Interior Ministry: Four journalists wrongly excluded from the G20: Spiegel, August 30, 2017
- ↑ Uwe Kalbe: Politics G20: The chin of the nd colleague and the withdrawal of accreditation. ND, August 30, 2017
- ↑ Pascal Siggelkow: G20 journalists: They should be dangerous? NDR, August 30, 2017
- ^ Revoked G20 accreditations: mix-ups and sins of youth. ARD, August 19, 2017
- ^ Arnd Henze: Affair about G20 accreditations: The great extinction. ARD, October 3, 2017
- ^ Markus Reuter: Discredited G20 photographers make exhibition in Berlin. Netzpolitik, October 5, 2017
- ↑ Patrick Gensing: Accreditations with G20: BKA lists were not legally compliant.
- ↑ tagesschau.de: G20 accreditations: Doubts and criticism of police files. Retrieved on February 22, 2018 (German).
- ^ G20 opponents demonstrate in Hamburg today. Hamburger Abendblatt, June 22, 2017
- ↑ Johanna Felde: G20: Shops in the Schanze barricaded. fink.hamburg, 6 July 2017
- ↑ Hermes announces restrictions around G20 summit. Welt, June 20, 2017
- ↑ Protocol: That is how much the G20 summit actually blocked HVV traffic. nahverkehrhamburg.de, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Transport concept in the HVV for the G20 summit. ( Memento from June 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Hamburger Verkehrsverbund, June 23, 2017
- ^ Roman Berlin: G20 summit: These restrictions exist in the HVV. Local transport currently Hamburg, 23 June 2017
- ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt - Hamburg: Martial Video: Militant G20 opponents fraternize . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on March 16, 2018]).
- ↑ July 8, 2017: Large demo planned against G20 summit in Hamburg. SHZ, November 17, 2016
- ^ Left "Action Conference" against G20. NDR, December 4, 2016
- ↑ Jonathan Welker: G20: Action conference in Hamburg is taking place. ND, December 2, 2016; Katharina Schipkowski: coalition of the summit opponents. taz, November 26, 2016
- ↑ International: “Youth Council against G20” is founded in Hamburg. Time February 17, 2017
- ↑ Liquid protest: With tomato brandy against Trump. Hamburger Abendblatt, March 3, 2017
- ^ Alliance of Hamburg Students: Prevent G20 Summit. Hamburger Abendblatt, March 31, 2017
- ↑ Lukas Schepers: Student protest: 14,500 signatures against G20. fink.hamburg, June 2, 2017
- ↑ See verbatim protocol of the public meeting of the constitutional and district committee on June 23, 2017, https://www.buergerschaft-hh.de/ParlDok/dokument/58345/protokoll-wortprotokoll-zu-top-1-der-ublic-en- Constitution-and-district-committee-meeting.pdf
- ^ Mike Schlink: Parties, picnics and riots: the protest plan of the summit opponents. MoPo, April 10, 2017
- ↑ Miriam Kraus, Markus Klemm: Action and blockade training: G20 opponents practice resistance. MoPo, April 7, 2017
- ^ Protest march: 850 people demonstrate peacefully against the G20 summit. MoPo, April 8, 2017
- ↑ Young people shape the future themselves instead of leaving it to the G20. g20hamburg.org, April 19, 2017
- ↑ Demo in the city center and Schanze: Students protest against G20 summit. MoPo, April 19, 2017
- ↑ Program “global.just.shaping”: Together for justice. Nordkirche.de, April 27, 2017; global-rechte-gestalten.de: The Alliance ( Memento from July 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ G20 summit in Hamburg - and what are the churches doing? Church + Life , July 3, 2017
- ↑ G20 @ Hamburg: What attitude is it about? The north church and the summit. Ev. Voices, May 21, 2017
- ^ NOZ: DGB boss dampens expectations before the G20 summit in Hamburg. Presseportal.de, June 23, 2017
- ^ Andreas Dey: Federation of trade unions welcomes the G20 summit in Hamburg. Hamburger Abendblatt, January 10, 2017
- ^ A b Milena Pieper: Demonstration “Hamburg shows attitude”: Only a few drummers were loud. taz, July 8, 2017
- ↑ G20 protests: Boundless with an attitude to hell. Tagesschau, June 28, 2017
- ↑ After the decision of the Constitutional Court: How will the G20 protest camp continue? Spon, June 30, 2017
- ↑ G20 opponents organize private housing. NDR, June 27, 2017
- ^ G20 opponents: Hamburg police allow protest camp. Time June 30, 2017
- ^ Nicolai Kwasniewski: G20 summit in Hamburg: Police prevent approved protest camp. Spon, July 2, 2017
- ↑ Opponents of the summit are not allowed to enter the camp area. MoPo, July 3, 2017
- ↑ Grote: No overnight stays in G20 protest camps. NDR, July 4, 2017
- ↑ Dispute over G20 protest camp: court confirms overnight stay ban. Spon, July 3, 2017
- ↑ Britta Kollenbroich: Protests against the G20 summit: “We are cornern, what are you?” Spon, July 5, 2017
- ↑ G20 camps: This is where the summit opponents sleep. Spon, July 6, 2017
- ↑ The court still allows the camp in Entenwerder. Hamburger Abendblatt, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Police tolerate 1000 protest tents in the Volkspark. Hamburger Abendblatt, July 7, 2017; Police allow sleeping tents in the Altona Volkspark Zeit, July 5, 2017
- ↑ 10,000 people demonstrate against G20 summits. Time July 2, 2017
- ↑ Thousands of Hamburgers “corner” against the G20 summit. Welt, July 4, 2017
- ↑ Creative Protest: The Walking Dead vs. G20. Stern, July 5, 2017
- ↑ Kevin Schubert: Night dance demo against G20 summit: “Never seen such a beautiful demo”. ( Memento of July 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) today, July 5, 2017; Colorful protest: "I'd rather dance than the G20". Tagesspiegel, July 5, 2017
- ↑ Criticism of G20 countries: “Sherpas of the financial industry”. Tagesschau, July 5, 2017
- ↑ Alexandra Endres: G20 Solidarity Summit: Doing something other than capitalism. Time, July 6, 2017
- ↑ What can be done against hunger in the world? Nordkirche.de, July 6, 2017
- ^ G20 in Hamburg: "Welcome to Hell" - the chronicle of the escalation. Abendblatt, July 7, 2017
- ↑ Aziza Kasumov: Irie Révoltés: Forever anti-fascists. FAZ, July 8, 2017
- ^ A b Dominik Peters, Heike Klovert, Nicolai Kwasniewski, Ansgar Siemens: Clashes between police and G20 opponents: This is the summit. Spon, July 7, 2017
- ^ G20 - Hamburg: “Welcome to Hell” rally started. Süddeutsche Zeitung , July 6, 2017, accessed on August 27, 2020 . ;
- ↑ Felix Kasten, Ansgar Siemens: Policemen marched masked in the black block , Spiegel Online from May 18, 2018
- ↑ Water cannon and pepper spray: Police stop anti-G20 demonstration “Welcome to Hell”. Spon, July 6, 2017
- ^ Block G20 - color the red zone. blockg20.org
- ^ Alliance shut-down Hamburg. ( Memento from July 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Protesters prevent Melania Trump from leaving the accommodation world, July 7, 2017
- ^ "Block G20": Blockades and incendiary devices - new demonstrations in Hamburg. SHZ, July 7, 2017; On G-20 protocol routes - police dissolve sit-in blockades in prohibited areas. Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (HAZ), April 25, 2017
- ↑ Maik Baumgärtner and others: Abgebrannt. Der Spiegel No. 29 / July 15, 2017, p. 16
- ↑ Sebastian Kempkens: 76,000 times hope. Time July 8, 2017
- ↑ Thousands demonstrate peacefully at "Hamburg shows attitude". SHZ, July 8, 2017
- ↑ Divine service for the "wounded city". Nordkirche.de, July 8, 2017
- ↑ Hasan Gökkaya: Friedel 54, Rigaer and attacks: How the autonomous scene warms up for the G20. Tagesspiegel, June 29, 2017
- ↑ André Zand-Vakili: Left-wing autonomists confess to arson attacks on officials. Abendblatt, September 24, 2016
- ↑ Kai von Appen: G20 summit: The hot phase begins. taz, March 27, 2017
- ↑ Arson attacks on railway lines - train traffic in the Leipzig region is still disrupted. Leipziger Volkszeitung (LVZ), June 19, 2017
- ↑ NDR: Live blog about the G20 summit on July 6, 2017.
- ↑ a b NDR: Live blog about the G20 summit on July 7, 2017.
- ↑ Local residents beaten and kicked. FAZ , July 8, 2017, accessed on July 28, 2020 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de: G20 riots: Police are assuming targeted planning. Accessed December 6, 2017 (German).
- ↑ a b c Thomas Berbner, Georg Mascolo, Christian Baars: G20 riot: Was there really an ambush? NDR, July 19, 2017
- ↑ Denis Fengler: "It was an absolute dilemma". Welt, July 14, 2017
- ^ Shoulder blade 1 - the house in the center of the riots. Spiegel, July 12, 2017
- ↑ a b c G20: “By a hair's margin of escalation”. NDR, July 19, 2017
- ↑ Martin Fischer: SEK deployment on the roofs of the ski jumping hill “They surrendered immediately”. Spiegel, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Hamburger Bürgerschaft: Drucksache 21/9844, July 25, 2017: Small written question from MPs Christiane Schneider (Die Linke) of July 17, 2017 and answer from the Senate. Re: deployments of special task forces at the G20 summit (PDF, p. 3 f.)
- ^ Moritz Wichmann: G20: special task force aimed at paramedics. ND, July 16, 2017; Moritz Wichmann: “One can be glad that there weren't any dead”. ND, July 24, 2017
- ↑ Mark Spörrle: Shoulder Blade - Police: Attacks threatened from almost all roofs. Time, July 14, 2017
- ↑ Georg Mascolo, Ronen Steinke: Was an “armed ambush” waiting for the police? SZ, July 19, 2017
- ↑ SEK stormed scaffolding: Festgenommer tells what happened there. Focus, July 17, 2017
- ↑ Max Bryan: Comprehensive analysis raises new questions. ( Memento of July 29, 2017 on the Internet Archive ) The Huffington Post , July 19, 2017
- ^ Ansgar Siemens: G20 riot: Police have no evidence of an ambush in the Schanzenviertel. Spon, October 6, 2017
- ^ Another riot in Hamburg's Schanzenviertel. Spon, July 9, 2017
- ↑ Martin Steinhagen: Shots in the hill. FRI, July 9, 2017
- ^ A b Andreas Speit: Right-wing extremists in G20 protest: Against the "capitalist demon". taz, July 20, 2017
- ↑ Jan-Henrik Wiebe: Exclusive: Neo-Nazis admit participation in G20 protests. Thuringia24, July 19, 2017
- ↑ Patrick Gensing: Reports on neo-Nazis at G20: Lots of rumors, no evidence. Tagesschau, July 21, 2017
- ^ Journalist: Right-wing extremists among rioters. SWR, July 17, 2017; Elsa Koester: G20: Doubts about the involvement of 70 neo-Nazis in riots. ND, July 20, 2017
- ^ Julian Feldmann: Federal Government: No neo-Nazis involved in G20 riots. NDR, August 18, 2017
- ↑ Madeleine Janssen: Cleaning up after the riots: Hamburg clears the ship. Spon, July 10, 2017
- ↑ NDR: Hamburg after G20: 10,000 citizens clean up. Retrieved March 14, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e After the G20 summit in Hamburg: Many questions are still open. Tagesschau, July 15, 2017
- ↑ a b Christoph Twickel: "Like Pitbulls at Speed". Time July 19, 2017
- ↑ a b Erik Peter, Katharina Schipkowski: Failed police tactics at the G20 summit: Everything escalated correctly? taz, July 13, 2017
- ^ FW-HH: Hamburg fire brigade cares for various injured people after a barricade has collapsed . In: presseportal.de . ( presseportal.de [accessed December 6, 2017]).
- ↑ Nina Gessner: “Antifa pigs: This is your breakfast!” Berlin police officers accuse injured people. MoPo, July 13, 2017
- ↑ "You threatened to kill me": Protocol of a police attack during the G20 summit. Neues Deutschland (ND), July 12, 2017
- ↑ Andrej Reisin: Witness describes police assault at G20: A fateful evening. Tagesschau, July 21, 2017
- ↑ Elisabeth Weydt: G20: Schanzen resident describes police beatings. NDR, July 20, 2017
- ↑ Lena Kaiser, Katharina Schipkowski: Treatment of those arrested by the G20: "It was like torture for me". taz, July 14, 2017
- ↑ Ralf Hutter: The police just hit it. ND, July 12, 2017
- ↑ Charlotte Parnack: G20 riots: It was none. Time July 19, 2017
- ^ Ralf Hutter: G20: Festival of violated fundamental rights. Verdi.de, July 25, 2017; “The press is no longer safe here”. ( Memento of July 10, 2017 on the Internet Archive ) Huffington Post, July 9, 2017
- ↑ No police violence? Mayor, that's not true. Stern, July 15, 2017
- ↑ Concerns about freedom of the press: journalists are surprisingly withdrawn from their accreditation for the G20 summit. ( Memento of July 31, 2017 on the Internet Archive ) Huffington Post, July 7, 2017
- ^ Frank Überall: Attacks on journalists at the G20 summit. DJV, July 10, 2017; Matthias Schwarzer: Police violence: Journalists complain about attacks by G20 forces. Neue Westfälische (NW), July 10, 2017
- ↑ Victims of violence at G20 summit: "Oppressive feeling when I see police officers" - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Video . In: Spiegel Online . November 26, 2017 ( spiegel.de [accessed December 7, 2017]).
- ↑ Philipp Steffens: Search at the G20 summit: police get lost in raid. taz, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Erik Peter: Bus controls according to G20: Bussi from the police. taz, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Martin Kröger: G20 controls: Police confused witnesses with criminals. ND, August 11, 2017
- ↑ Bus controls according to G20 - Green and Left Youth complain about police harassment. rbb, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Reality check on G20 police violence: “There was no police violence” . In: The daily newspaper: taz . July 19, 2017, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed December 9, 2017]).
- ↑ G20 documentary: Collection of material on police violence and obstruction of the press. Netzpolitik.org, July 12, 2017; Fabian Hillebrand: Police violence at G20 is documented. ND, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Ziegler: "Police officers almost never testify against each other". Der Spiegel, November 15, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 .
- ↑ Marcus Engert: During the G20 protests, fewer police officers were injured than the police claim. Buzzfeed, July 14, 2017; Hamburg: Fewer police officers injured in G-20 riots than assumed. Welt, July 15, 2017
- ↑ Stephanie Lamprecht: After the G20 riots: Police professor doubts the number of injured officers. MoPo, July 15, 2017
- ↑ Follow -up to the police work at G20: injured persons and internal investigations. taz, July 26, 2017
- ^ A b Ansgar Siemens: G20 riots: Police ignored the irritant gas requirements of the Hamburg chief of operations. Spon, August 16, 2017
- ↑ Police President: The use of irritant gas was legal. Abendblatt, August 17, 2017
- ↑ Elsa Koester: G20: Investigations into irritant gas bombardment. ND, August 17, 2017
- ↑ Pitt von Bebenburg: G20 in Hamburg: Police check the use of pepper spray. FRI, July 13, 2017
- ^ Andreas Dey, Christoph Heinemann, Christian Unger: The riddle about the costs of the G20 summit. Evening paper, June 2017
- ↑ Jana Werner: Six million euros for a prisoner collection point.
- ↑ Matthias Fricke: Land wants half a million euros for G-20 use. Volksstimme, October 5, 2017
- ↑ Hamburg remains seated on G20 additional costs. NDR, October 25, 2017
- ↑ tagesschau.de: The federal government let the G20 summit cost 72.2 million euros. Retrieved on February 4, 2018 (German).
- ↑ G20: 85 million euros for police operations. Retrieved March 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Ingmar Schmidt: G20: Insurance companies estimate damage worth millions. NDR, July 18, 2017
- ↑ 40 million euros for victims in downtown Hamburg. dpa / FAZ, July 20, 2017
- ^ G20 riots: the federal government pays half of the compensation costs. Tagesschau, July 12, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Heinemann: G20 riots: Dealers demand 360,000 euros in compensation. Abendblatt, September 19, 2017
- ↑ 437,000 euros in compensation for the victims of the riots. Abendblatt, October 14, 2017
- ↑ G20 hardship fund pays out a good 600,000 euros (ndr.de from December 15, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ↑ Compensation for damage caused by rioting: G20 hardship fund pays out 600,000 euros (stern.de from December 15, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ↑ Suspects of "armed ambush" on the hilltop free again. Spon, July 11, 2017
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Jail after the protest. taz, July 26, 2017
- ↑ Renate Pinzke: G20 riots: Civil rioters. MoPo, July 29, 2017
- ↑ Sören Götz, Parvin Sadigh: On videos you can mainly see the followers. Time July 11, 2017
- ↑ a b prison sentence for G20 opponents Zeit, August 28, 2017
- ^ Trials after violence at the G20: What is really being fought about in Hamburg now. Tagesspiegel, August 29, 2017
- ↑ Sebastian Bähr: When the smoke has gone. ND, October 23, 2017
- ^ Wolfgang Wichmann: "Bild" is looking for G20 rioters: "Search calls are the task of the police". Tagesschau, July 10, 2017
- ↑ False reports on G20 operation: Fight against "online hunt". Tagesschau, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Trapped because of black scarves? taz, August 4, 2017
- ↑ Stefan Buchen: G20 process after laser pointer use: Police pilots with glass eyes . In: The daily newspaper: taz . June 12, 2018, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed June 23, 2018]).
- ^ Unilateral investigation . In: jungle.world . ( jungle.world [accessed June 29, 2018]).
- ^ G-20 summit: three Bengalos were enough for the police attack. , SZ, August 4, 2017; Stefan Buchen: Persecution of the G20 perpetrators: the police get entangled in contradictions. NDR, August 4, 2017; Julia Jüttner: The battle after the battle. The mirror 35/26. August 2017, p. 52
- ↑ a b Stefan Buchen, Philipp Hennig, Andrej Reisin: G20: Do you make the wrong people a scapegoat? NDR, August 22, 2017
- ↑ G20: Did the police tap cell phone calls in Harburg? Abendblatt, July 31, 2017
- ↑ Philipp Steffens: Cell phone monitoring at G20: protesters spied on. taz, July 31, 2017
- ↑ Anna Biselli: G20 also means: Summit of Surveillance. Netzpolitik , July 28, 2017; Citizenship of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg: Written small request from MP Christiane Schneider (DIE LINKE) from July 18, 2017 and answer from the Senate. Re: G20 - Technical monitoring measures for the G20 summit. Printed matter 21/9862
- ↑ Dennis Kogel: Police collect IMEI numbers from demonstrators - but what's the point? Vice.com / Motherboard, July 7, 2017
- ↑ Knut Henkel: Data protection during the G20 summit: hostel guests under suspicion. taz, July 19, 2017
- ^ After the G20 scandal: bodily harm, coercion - now 95 police officers are under investigation. MoPo, September 6, 2017
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Investigation of police violence: Investigations against oneself. Taz, July 28, 2017
- ↑ Police violence at G20? Investigators are reviewing more than 100 cases. Abendblatt, July 27, 2017
- ^ According to G20: Discussion on the role of the police. NDR, July 14, 2017
- ^ Daniel Chur: After the G20 summit: Ruhr area youth group sued the Hamburg police. WDR, July 20, 2017; Thomas Mader: G20 protest: "The falcons" raise accusations of harassment against the police. WAZ, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Peter Carstens: The police locked up peaceful demonstrators for no reason. FAZ, July 29, 2017
- ^ NDR: G20 mission: The applicant is right and has to pay. Retrieved June 8, 2018 .
- ↑ G20: Investigations against Rote Flora activists (ndr.de, September 27, 2017, accessed October 23, 2017)
- ↑ tagesschau.de: G20 raids: Police assume a planned attack. Accessed December 6, 2017 (German).
- ↑ Nationwide raids after G20 protests (new Germany) . ( neue-deutschland.de [accessed December 6, 2017]).
- ^ NDR: G20 raid: breakthrough in the investigation or PR bluff? Retrieved December 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Göttinger Tageblatt, Eichsfelder Tageblatt, Göttingen, Eichsfeld, Lower Saxony, Germany: Police searched apartments in the Göttingen left-wing scene. Retrieved December 6, 2017 .
- ^ NDR: State Parliament Committee deals with demo. January 18, 2018, accessed on January 22, 2018 (German).
- ^ NDR: G20: Police want recordings of journalists. Retrieved December 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Almost 200 reports after a wanted man call (spiegel.de of December 21, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ↑ G20 photo manhunt: Lots of information and criticism (ndr.de, December 21, 2017, accessed December 27, 2017)
- ↑ July 2017: The G20 summit in the middle of Hamburg (ndr.de from December 29, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ^ "Welcome to Hell" demo: Police officer throwing beer cans at colleagues. Retrieved January 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Hamburg Senate provides information on G20 investigations: So far, no charges against police officers. Retrieved March 27, 2018 .
- ^ G-20 riots: Elbchaussee riot: Nine objects searched abroad , Hamburger Abendblatt, May 29, 2018
- ^ After the G20 riot in Hamburg: Raids in four countries | MDR.DE. In: mdr.de. Retrieved May 29, 2018 .
- ^ G20 riots: raids in four European countries. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved on May 29, 2018 (German).
- ↑ n-tv news: Police are looking for more G20 violent criminals . In: n-tv.de . ( n-tv.de [accessed on August 24, 2018]).
- ↑ a b Stefan Buchen: Proceedings against G20 demonstrators: followers become violent criminals. NDR / Panorama , October 17, 2017
- ^ Ansgar Siemens: G20 riots: Public prosecutor's office closes first proceedings against police officers. Spon, October 13, 2017
- ↑ Court releases G20 opponents from custody. NDR, November 24, 2017
- ^ G20 opponent Fabio V. is free. Winter in Hamburg. taz, November 27, 2017
- ↑ G-20 trial: requirements against Fabio V. relaxed , welt.de, January 4, 2018
- ^ NDR: Trial against G20 opponent Fabio V. burst. Retrieved March 7, 2018 .
- ↑ Third trial against G20 rioters - suspended sentence for the French. SHZ, September 8, 2017
- ↑ G20 campaign against young people illegal. NDR, September 23, 2017
- ↑ Bettina Mittelacher, Peter Ulrich Meyer: 100-day balance: So far 15 militant G20 opponents convicted. Abendblatt, October 14, 2017; Individual reports: Fourth trial after the G20 riot: juvenile punishment. NDR, September 12, 2017; Trial: suspended sentence for throwing bottles at G20 police officers. Welt online, September 14, 2017; G20 judgment: 16 months imprisonment for convicted manslaughter Abendblatt, September 18, 2017; G20 trial: 18 months probation for throwing bottles. Abendblatt, September 25, 2017; G20 riot: suspended sentence for 29-year-olds. NDR, September 26, 2017; G20 trial: verdicts against two men for throwing bottles. Abendblatt, September 28, 2017; Marthe Ruddat: Prison instead of internship. taz, October 13, 2017
- ^ Judgment against second G20 opponent: punishment for firecrackers and diving goggles. taz, August 29, 2017
- ↑ Three years in prison for G20 rioters (ndr.de, November 24, 2017)
- ^ NDR: G20 summit: Detention unlawful. Retrieved June 8, 2018 .
- ↑ Ansgar Siemens, Jens Witte: Policeman as alleged G20 rioter: An “Astra” comes flying . In: Spiegel Online . March 5, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed March 7, 2018]).
- ↑ Elke Spanner: G20 demo: His colleagues were too brutal for him. In: zeit.de . July 6, 2020, accessed August 11, 2020 .
- ↑ G20: 1619 proceedings - so far only a good 30 convictions (Abendblatt.de of May 27, 2018, accessed on June 19, 2018)
- ↑ 1619 preliminary investigation, but only three prison sentences (rp-online.de from May 26, 2018, accessed on June 19, 2018)
- ↑ Report: After G20 riots 1619 investigative proceedings ( memento from June 19, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (stuttgarter-nachrichten.de from May 26, 2018, accessed on June 19, 2018)
- ^ NDR: Elbchaussee riots: Five young men convicted. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Demo registrant: "Police wanted other pictures". NDR, July 7, 2017; Philipp Schmidt: "Escalation as a police concept". Conversation with Andreas Blechschmidt, specifically 8/2017, pp. 12–13
- ↑ Max Bryan: G20 balance sheet: "Numerous breaches of law" - failure of the Hamburg police has parliamentary consequences. ( Memento of July 28, 2017 on the Internet Archive ) Huffington Post, July 11, 2017
- ^ Andreas Förster: G20 in Hamburg: lawyer accuses police officers of legal violations. In: FR.de , July 14, 2017
- ↑ Heike Klovert: G20 in Hamburg - The Summit jail. In: Spiegel Online , July 8, 2017
- ↑ Freedom of assembly as a fundamental and human right did not apply in Hamburg. Sheets for German and International Politics, July 9, 2017
- ↑ Protest researcher about G20 chaos: "The police's strategy has failed colossally". In: sueddeutsche.de , July 9, 2017
- ↑ Prantl's view: Freedom to demonstrate is a fundamental right, not a right of grace. In: sueddeutsche.de , July 2, 2017
- ↑ "Freedom of the press is not a basic right of fair weather". In: Deutschlandfunk , July 10, 2017
- ↑ Criminologist on the riots at G20: "The wrong strategy at the wrong time". In: Deutschlandfunk , July 10, 2017
- ↑ Juri Auel: Scholz praises the police's “heroic commitment”. In: sueddeutsche.de , July 9, 2017
- ↑ Mayor's Alternative Facts: "There was no police violence". In: taz , July 19, 2017
- ↑ Philipp Steffens: Left-wing politician van Aken on Olaf Scholz: "What happened in them?" In: taz , July 15, 2017
- ↑ G20: Lawyers complain of ill-treatment by the police. In: neue-deutschland.de , July 16, 2017; Hamburg prisoner collection center: rights of detainees and lawyers systematically violated. ( Memento from July 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Legal emergency service / RAV, July 14, 2017
- ↑ Systematic violations of fundamental rights during the G20 protests: press release by the Republican Lawyers' Association. Sheets for German and International Politics 7/17, July 14, 2017
- ↑ Per Hinrichs: G-20 police operation: "That violates the constitution" In: Welt.de , July 23, 2017
- ↑ Alexander Schulz: "The Hamburg line is almost immune to criticism". In: Spiegel Online , July 22, 2017
- ↑ Matern Boeselager: Of course there was police violence in Hamburg - says this policeman. In: Vice.com , July 26, 2017
- ↑ Vincenzo Capodici: The rubber shot question divides the police. In: Tagesanzeiger.ch , July 11, 2017
- ^ Thomas Schmoll: G20 police operation in Hamburg: The big puzzle about rubber bullets. In: N-tv.de , August 12, 2017; Matthias Monroy: Rubber bullets at the G20 summit came from the SEK Saxony. Cilip - Civil Rights and Police, August 24, 2017
- ↑ Joseph Hausner: Massive attacks at the G20 summit: What police officers are (not) allowed to do to defend themselves. In: Focus.de , July 10, 2017
- ↑ Bundestag - Scientific Services: Use of rubber ammunition in Germany and Europe. WD 3 - 3000 - 160/17, September 29, 2017 (PDF)
- ↑ Matern Boeselager: How the police manipulated the image of the G20 demos with questionable reports. In: Vice.com , July 14, 2017
- ↑ Bengalos at demo against raids on G20 opponents in Göttingen. In: hna.de. December 9, 2017, accessed December 13, 2017 .
- ↑ This video shows police officers beating protesters. In: Vice.com. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017 .
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Testimony at G20 trials: “Special service” for the police . In: The daily newspaper: taz . December 19, 2017, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed December 20, 2017]).
- ↑ G20 photo manhunt: Lots of hints, but also criticism. In: NDR.de. Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ heise online: Data protectionists reprimand the Hamburg police for mass internet searches for G20 rioters. Accessed December 20, 2017 (German).
- ↑ “Dubious!”: G20 search: Böhmermann messes with the Hamburg police. In: MOPO.de. Retrieved December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de: G20 photo search: Success or breakdown? Retrieved December 22, 2017 (German).
- ^ Comment by Thomas Hahn Hamburg: The Barbie method . In: sueddeutsche.de . 2017, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed December 22, 2017]).
- ↑ G20 photo search is correct (ndr.de from December 22, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ↑ Steffen defends G20 photo manhunt (ndr.de from December 20, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ^ Left-wing criticism of the G20 search: Fake news? (Abendblatt.de of December 26, 2017, accessed December 27, 2017)
- ↑ Violence at the summit “Fake News” causes a scandal about the G20 search (Hamburger Morgenpost of December 27, 2017, accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ^ Hamburger Abendblatt - Hamburg: G20 riot? Rote Flora is not involved in the demo . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on March 18, 2018]).
- ^ Demonstrations in Hamburg went off peacefully . In: www.t-online.de . ( t-online.de [accessed on March 18, 2018]).
- ↑ Masked officials at anti-G20 demonstration in the Black Block? That's what the police say . In: stern.de . May 18, 2018 ( stern.de [accessed May 19, 2018]).
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Covert police operation at G20: Undercover in the Black Block . In: The daily newspaper: taz . May 18, 2018, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed May 19, 2018]).
- ^ G20 summit in Hamburg: “Not a good solution” . In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on May 24, 2018]).
- ↑ NDR: G20 Committee: Serious allegations from residents. Retrieved June 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Stephanie Lamprecht: Naked searches, no mattresses: Policeman criticizes conditions in the G20 prison . In: MOPO.de . ( mopo.de [accessed June 29, 2018]).
- ↑ Angela Merkel: Merkel strongly condemns violence in Hamburg. Reuters , July 8, 2017
- ^ G20 summit: Gabriel fears for Germany's reputation in the world. Time July 8, 2017
- ↑ Jörg Quoos, Miguel Sanches, Christian Unger: De Maizière calls for shackles for potential rioters. Berliner Morgenpost, July 15, 2017
- ^ Andreas Debski: Maas against prejudice of scene get-togethers in Leipzig-Connewitz. LVZ, July 18, 2017
- ^ G20 riots: SPD politician calls for lifelong demo ban for criminals. The West, July 14, 2017; SPD politician calls for lifelong demo ban for police attackers. Spon, July 13, 2017
- ^ Stephan Haselberger: Debate on left-wing extremism: Lower Saxony's interior minister wants to loosen the ban on masking. Tagesspiegel, July 14, 2017
- ↑ Scholz denies government crisis in the red-green Senate. FAZ, July 10, 2017
- ↑ Merkel: I am jointly responsible for the G20 riots. FAZ, July 16, 2017
- ^ Special committee on G20: CDU and FDP want to hear Olaf Scholz - Martin Schulz visits Schanzenviertel. SHZ, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Debate on the Rote Flora Autonomous Center: “We cannot allow such spaces”. Spon, July 16, 2017; Hamburg CDU wants to close Rote Flora. NDR, July 18, 2017
- ↑ Marco Carini: Clear edge against the red flora. taz, July 16, 2017
- ^ First left-wing demonstration after the G20 summit remains peaceful. Welt, July 20, 2017
- ↑ Ministry of the Interior bans left-wing extremist platform. Spon, August 25, 2017
- ^ Prohibition of "Linksunten.Indymedia" controversial. NDR, August 30, 2017
- ^ Marc Feuser: Aftermath of the G20 summit in Hamburg: "We do not monitor students". SWR, October 5, 2017
- ↑ 500 left-wing extremists from the southwest at G20 summit. Heilbronn Voice, October 20, 2017.
- ^ Special committee on G20 riots has been constituted. Hamburg Parliament, August 31, 2017
- ^ First trial after G20 riots. NDR, August 28, 2017
- ↑ The roadmap for the G20 review is in place. NDR, August 25, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Heinemann: G20 Special Committee: What is the police hiding? Abendblatt, September 20, 2017
- ↑ Christoph Heinemann: Blacked G20 files: Senate approves a document. Abendblatt, September 21, 2017
- ↑ a b G20: Special Committee starts work. NDR, September 22, 2017
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Anti-Enlightenment in the G20 Special Committee: Mantra from the good summit. taz, September 25, 2017
- ↑ Jens Meyer-Wellmann: Special committee on G20 riots threatens to burst. Abendblatt, September 27, 2017
- ↑ Horror over riots in the hill. NDR, July 8, 2017
- ↑ Flora lawyer Andreas Beuth on the G-20 riots: "An unparalleled image damage". taz, July 11, 2017
- ↑ Statement from Schanze stores: “The Black Block raged here? We cannot confirm that ”. Stern, July 12, 2017; Julia Köppe: Shop owner in Hamburg: “Thank you, Olaf, for three days of fear”. Spon, July 12, 2017
- ↑ Carina Braun: Hamburg after G20: "The mood in the city is poisoned". FRI, July 18, 2017
- ↑ Der Spiegel 29/15. July 2017: "Let it rip". Pp. 22–26, here p. 25
- ↑ Flora spokesman condemns violence at G20 summit. NDR, July 21, 2017; Mike Schlink: Rote Flora faces the Schanzen residents. MoPo, July 20, 2017
- ↑ Club operators show solidarity with Roter Flora. ND, July 23, 2017
- ↑ Katharina Schipkowski: Protests against G20: “The police are responsible” taz, July 13, 2017
- ↑ Lars Quadfasel, Rüdiger Mats, Georg Fülberth, Martin Juergens: riot and criticism. specifically 8/2017, pp. 14-17
- ↑ Christoph Heinemann: "RIOTINI" Left scene celebrates serious G20 riots with sticker booklet. In: www.abendblatt.de. Hamburger Abendblatt, January 7, 2018, accessed on January 11, 2018 .
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