List of famines
The Famine List captures historical, contemporary, and present famine worldwide.
list
time | region | description | dead |
---|---|---|---|
approx. 1930 BC Chr. | Northeast Africa | Egypt : Famine in the 25th year of Sesostris I's reign | |
approx. 1200 BC Chr. | Asia Minor | Famine testified by pollen analyzes and the mention of grain deliveries to the Hittite Empire in written sources from Egypt at the time of Merenptah and from several sources from Ugarit in Syria | |
354 | Asia Minor | Famine in Antioch ends in revolts in which the governor is lynched | |
362-363 | Asia Minor | Famine in Antioch 362–363 | |
384-385 | Asia Minor | Antioch | |
500-501 | Asia Minor | Edessa | |
975 | France | after a harsh winter from November to March, a third of the French and half of the Parisian population die | |
around 1090 | Northern Europe | Famine in Denmark in the reign of Olaf Hunger (1086-1095) | |
1235 | British Islands | London | 20,000 |
1302 | Southwest Europe | Spain : About ¼ of the population of Spain died | |
1315-1317 | Europe | Famine of 1315-17 , famine in large parts of Europe | 5 million |
1333-1337 | China | Great famine | 4 million |
1437-40 | Europe | Famine of the years 1437–1439 / 40 in large parts of Europe, triggered by supra-regional crop failures as a result of severe winters and later frost breaks (may frost) | |
1597-1598 | Baltic region | Famine 1597/98 in the breadbasket of Europe after successive crop failures in 1596 and 1597, called the "great price increases" by contemporaries, causing the " Little Ice Age " | |
1601-1603 | Russia | Famine after poor harvests due to cold, damp weather as a result of the Huaynaputina eruption , Peru | 500,000 |
1618-1648 | Europe | Europe: famines as a result of the Thirty Years War | |
1630-1631 | India | There was a great famine in India . Records show that cannibalism was so widespread that human meat was sold in the open market. | |
1693-1694 | Western Europe | Great famine in France as a result of an extremely severe winter, exacerbated by a typhoid epidemic | 1-2 million |
1709 | Western Europe | Great famine in France caused by a very severe winter | |
1769-70 | India | Famine in Bengal 1770 | 6.5 million |
1770 | Eastern Europe | Eastern Europe | 190,000 |
1770-1772 | Europe | three devastating crop failures | |
1816-1817 | Europe | Europe: Year without a summer in large parts of Europe, caused by the eruption of the Tambora volcano in Indonesia April 10-15 , 1815 | |
1837-38 | India | Northwest India | 800,000 |
1844-1849 | Europe | Failure of the potato harvest due to potato rot , food shortage; very cold summer and winter; Hunger epidemics. Great famine in Ireland with around 1 million deaths and a wave of emigration to North America. Potato Revolution in Berlin, April 1847. | 1 million |
1866 | India | Famine in Bengal and Orissa | 1.5 million |
1866-1868 | Northern Europe | Famine in Finland | 150,000 |
1867-1869 | Northern Europe | Famine in Sweden | |
1874-75 | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | 150,000 |
1876-1879 | China | Great famine in northern China | 11 million |
1876-1878 | India | Great famine; Estimates vary between 5 and 29 million deaths. | 5 million |
1876-1878 | South East Asia | Famine in Java (then Dutch East Indies ) | |
1877-1879 | North africa | Great famine caused by a period of drought in French North Africa and in present-day Algeria . | up to 300,000 |
1891-1892 | Russia | up to 500,000 | |
1892-1894 | China | Great famine | 1 million |
1896-1897 | China | Great famine | 5 million |
1896-1897 and 1899-1902 | India | Great famine; 100 million people affected; Estimates of deaths vary widely, up to 11 million |
|
1916-1917 | Central Europe | " Turnip winter " in the German Empire | 800,000 |
1916-1918 | Levant | Famine in Lebanon 1916–1918 in the Turkish- German occupied Lebanon during the First World War as a result of an Allied naval blockade and requisitions by the poorly supplied troops; also as a result of the high degree of specialization of Lebanese agriculture, where basic foodstuffs are imported and instead z. B. viticulture and silkworm breeding were carried out (approx. 100,000 dead, in an area then inhabited by 450,000 people) | 100,000 |
1920-1921 | China | Famine in Northern China | 500,000 |
1921-1924 | Eastern Europe | Famine in parts of Russia | 5 million |
1928-1929 | China | Great famine | 10 million |
1932-33 | Eastern Europe and North Asia | Famine in Ukraine ( Holodomor , approx. 7 million deaths) as well as in parts of Russia , in Kazakhstan and in the Caucasus region . | 6-7 million |
1939-1945 | Europe | Famine in Europe during World War II . | |
1941-1944 | Southeast Europe | Great famine in Greece as a result of the German occupation of Greece, estimated between 100,000 and 450,000 dead | |
1941-1944 | Eastern Europe | Famine in Leningrad due to the Leningrad blockade in World War II. | 1.1 million |
1943 | Central Africa | Rwanda Urundi | 45,000 |
1943-1944 | India | Famine in Bengal in 1943 - aggravated by the circumstances of the Second World War ( Japanese occupation of Burma , etc.) | 1.5 to 4 million |
1944/45 | Western Europe | “ Hongerwinter ” in the Netherlands in the last months of the war due to the collapse of the distribution system with food stamps. Around 200,000 suffered from deficiency symptoms and an estimated 22,000 people died. Since many birth records have been preserved, there is some research into the effects of famine on pregnancy and the further course of life. | 22,000 |
1944-1945 | South East Asia | Famine in Vietnam under Japanese occupation, reported in the propaganda with 2 million victims | |
1946-1947 | Central Europe | Germany : hunger winter 1946–1947 | |
1959-1961 | China | Great Chinese famine in the People's Republic of China , perhaps the greatest in world history, was triggered by the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 | 15-43 million |
1966 | India | Impending famine in Bihar . The US allocated 900,000 tons of grain to fight hunger | |
1967-1970 | West Africa | Famine caused by the Biafra war in Biafra , Nigeria | |
1968-1974 | West Africa | Famine in the Sahel | 500,000 |
1973 | East Africa | Famine in Ethiopia | |
1984-1985 | East and West Africa | Famine in Ethiopia (and several countries in the Sahel region) | 2-3 million |
1980s | South East Asia | After the country was reunified after the Vietnam War , there was a brief famine in the 1980s that caused many people to leave the country | |
1994-1997 | East asia | Famine in North Korea | 0.5-2 million |
1990s | East Africa | First half of the 1990s: Somalia famine due to drought and civil war in Somalia | |
1990s | Northeast Africa | Famine in ( South ) Sudan as a result of the civil war in South Sudan | |
2000-2005 | Southern Africa | Zimbabwe | |
2003 | Northeast Africa | Famine in Darfur / Sudan as a result of the Darfur conflict | |
2005 | West Africa | Hunger crisis in Niger | |
2006 | East Africa | Hunger crisis in Ethiopia, northeast Kenya, Somalia and Djibouti | |
2011 | East Africa | Hunger crisis in the Horn of Africa 2011 | |
2017 | East Africa and Lake Chad neighbors | Famine in South Sudan , parts of Yemen , Ethiopia , Somalia , Kenya and Nigeria . In addition to Nigeria, the other countries bordering Lake Chad - Cameroon , Chad and Niger - are also affected. |
See also
- List of disasters
- List of sieges
- Famine in China
- List of weather events in Europe
- List of major historical volcanic eruptions
- Right to adequate nutrition
Web links
Commons : Famines - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Estimates from: Encyclopedia Britannica , 1992
- ↑ Massimo Montanari : Hunger and Abundance: Cultural History of Nutrition in Europe . CH Beck, 1993, ISBN 978-3-406-37702-0 , pp. 85 ff . ( Google Books ).
- ↑ KL Verosub and J. Lippman: Global Impacts of the 1600 eruption of Peru's Huaynaputina Volcano . In: Eos . tape 89 , no. 15 , 8 April 2008, doi : 10.1029 / 2008EO150001 . Communication on this: Recent research into the influence of the Huaynaputina on the climate
- ↑ Dominik Collet (2014): Hunger and Rule. Environmental- historical entanglements of the first partition of Poland and the European hunger crisis 1770–1772 , in: Yearbooks for the history of Eastern Europe (pdf)
- ↑ Jim Donelly; The Irish Famine . On BBC History February 17, 2001.
- ↑ Dinyar Patel: Viewpoint: How British let one million Indians in the famine. BBC News, June 11, 2016, accessed June 11, 2016 .
- ↑ Lhote, Henri: When the Sahara was not yet a desert . In: The last secrets of our world . Verlag Das Beste. Stuttgart 1977, p. 218.
- ↑ Information from: Mike Davis: The Birth of the Third World.
- ↑ Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (abstract)
- ^ Gustavo Corni : Hunger . In: Gerhard Hirschfeld , Gerd Krumeich and Irina Renz (eds.): Encyclopedia First World War . Schöningh (UTB), Paderborn 2009, p. 565.
- ↑ a b c d e f Lexicon of Genocides. 1998
- ↑ Amartya Sen (1981): Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. London: Oxford University Press. P. 203, ISBN 9780195649543 .
- ↑ Joseph Lazzaro: Bengal Famine Of 1943 - A Man-Made Holocaust. International Business Times, February 22, 2013, accessed October 14, 2014 .
- ↑ Rakesh Krishnan Simha: Remembering India's forgotten holocaust: British policies killed nearly 4 million Indians in the 1943-44 Bengal Famine. (No longer available online.) Tehelka.com, June 13, 2014, archived from the original on April 11, 2015 ; accessed on April 5, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ UNICEF: 250,000 children suffer from acute severe malnutrition , UNICEF, February 20, 2017
- ↑ Große Not , Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, February 26, 2017
- ↑ Oslo: Donor Conference for the Crisis Region on Lake Chad , UNRIC, February 24, 2017