Elbphilharmonie

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Elbphilharmonie
Elbphilharmonie
Elbphilharmonie
Basic data
Place: Hamburg-HafenCity
Construction time : 2007-2016
Opening: Opening ceremony
January 11, 2017
Architects : Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron
Use / legal
Usage : Concert hall, hotel with 244 rooms, residential building, parking garage, catering
Apartments : 45
Owner : Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
Client : Elbphilharmonie Bau KG
Technical specifications
Height : 110 m
Floors : 26th
Elevators : 29
Usable area : 120,000 m²
Building material : Substructure: reinforced concrete, facade of the storage building from 1962 curtained
Upper structure: glass, steel, concrete
Building-costs: 866 million euros
Height comparison
Hamburg : 1. ( list )
Germany : 56. ( list )
address
Address: Place of German Unity 1
Post Code: 20457
City: Hamburg
Country: Germany

The Elbphilharmonie (also called " Elphi " for short ) is a concert hall in Hamburg that was completed in November 2016 . It was planned with the aim of creating a new landmark for the city and a “cultural monument for everyone”. The 110 meter high building in the district HafenCity is located on the right bank of the North Elbe at the top of the Great Grasbrook between the mouths of the harbor Sandtorhafen and Grasbrookhafen. It was built using the shell of the former Kaispeicher A (built in 1963). A modern structure with a glass facade was placed on this base, reminiscent of sails , waves of water , icebergs or a quartz crystal . The location at Kaiserhöft is shaped by the former industrial port use and the neo-Gothic brick architecture of the Speicherstadt .

The concept of the concert hall goes back to an idea presented in 2001 by the Hamburg project developer Alexander Gérard . The building was then in 2007 by the citizenship under Mayor Ole von Beust decided. The design and planning of the Philharmonic are mainly from the architects Herzog & de Meuron . The client was the Elbphilharmonie Bau KG , whose part partner and main financier is the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg with tax revenues. The building was built on their behalf by the construction service provider Hochtief .

Completion of the building was planned for 2010 after several years of lead time, but was delayed several times, e.g. a. also due to a year and a half construction freeze in the public area. Only after an extensive project reorganization between the architects, the client and the construction company shortly after the election of the mayor Olaf Scholz was construction continued after the construction freeze. Due to the delays in the construction and the fact that the originally estimated construction costs were exceeded, the Elbphilharmonie became known nationwide long before it was completed: The construction costs came to around 866 million euros, a little more than 11.24 times the originally planned amount of 77 million euros . The deadline agreed in the new contract for the handover of the building and the keys on October 31, 2016 was met. The inauguration of the concert area was celebrated on January 11th and 12th, 2017 with the concert “Time becomes space here” by the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra ( concert program ). The Small Hall was inaugurated on January 12, 2017 by Ensemble Resonanz . In the first year after the opening, around 850,000 people attended the more than 600 concerts in the Elbphilharmonie, over 4.5 million visitors made a pilgrimage to the plaza, more than 70,000 people took part in the concert hall tours and over 60,000 in the house's music education program.

Building

Aerial view of the construction site with Hamburg's old town , Alster , HafenCity and Elbphilharmonie, September 2010
Facade with construction crane, February 2015
View from the Hamburg Michel , September 2018
Elbphilharmonie with Cap San Diego in the evening sun, seen from the water

The design by the architects Herzog & de Meuron envisaged a glass-clad structure with a strikingly curved roof shape, which was also known as the “glass wave” , on the brick-built Kaispeicher A from 1963, which still existed at the time . The aim was to create a characteristic feature of the building in order to create an unmistakable silhouette in Hamburg. Contrary to the very first plans, the former warehouse was completely gutted for construction. Only the listed facade and parts of the foundations were preserved. The load-distributing floor slab of the building is based on 1732 piles that were driven deep into the Elbe floor. The 12,500-ton, independent structure of the large concert hall is completely acoustically decoupled from the overall building with a total of 342 steel spring packages below and 34 in the roof area. The precisely fitting structure was given a glass facade made up of a total of 1,100 individual glass elements, each consisting of four glass panes. All panes were provided with integrated light and heat protection through printed, rasterized foils. 595 glass elements are individually curved. A single one of these stained glass windows cost around 72,000 euros. According to the architects, the curved parts of the facade create the impression of a giant crystal that reflects the sky, the water and the city in different ways.

The building has 26 storeys, with the facade of the Kaispeicher A, a former cocoa, tea and tobacco store in an exposed location in the old Hamburg harbor south of the Speicherstadt, from the ground floor to the plaza on the eighth floor . At the highest point on the Kaispitze it is around 110 meters high, the lowest point on the east facade is around 30 meters lower. The building has thus replaced the rectangular Radisson Hotel building by a few meters as the tallest inhabited building in Hamburg. Due to the wedge shape of the storage facility, the Elbphilharmonie is 85 meters wide in the east and 22 meters in the west.

Ride on the 80 meter long escalator from top to bottom

The main entrance to the house is made up of an 80-meter-long, slightly arched escalator and a shorter, straight escalator, which together connect the ground floor with the plaza , a viewing level that is free of charge and regulated by tickets to limit the amount of space at the height of the former Kaispeicher roof. For most of the two-and-a-half-minute journey, the passenger only sees that he is approaching a light. The steps of the 21-meter-rising escalator are not moved by a drive from above, as usual, but by four decentralized drives that are electronically synchronized. The incline of the steps drops from 23 degrees at the beginning to around 11 degrees at the end of the flight of stairs. The steps, which initially have the usual height for escalators, are only a few centimeters high at the top. The staircase, known as the tube, leads directly to a large panoramic window on the narrow side of the building facing the harbor. In addition to the tube, a total of 29  lifts and eleven stairwells connect the entire building.

The loads caused by the Great Concert Hall are very unevenly distributed. This required eight irregularly arranged large inner supports and their inclination. In addition, the lack of external supports on the plaza made inclined supports on the two floors above it necessary.

use

The building has a gross floor area of around 120,000 square meters.

Public space: the plaza

Elbphilharmonie
The plaza with the white gate. Elbphilharmonie as seen from the Speicherstadt , October 2018
View from the plaza of the Elbphilharmonie over the harbor

Between the brick base and the glass structure there is a publicly accessible space at a height of 37 meters, which serves as an access level for the foyer of the concert halls and the hotel. The plaza can be reached via an approx. 80 meter long and 21 meter high escalator (the so-called tube) and a second, shorter escalator. Part of the plaza is an exterior walk around the entire building. From here you have a view of the Norderelbe , the harbor , HafenCity and the city ​​center as well as a look up into the various levels of the concert foyer.

The floor of the plaza is paved with around 188,000 red bricks, which, according to the architects' specifications, correspond to the appearance of the historic warehouse. To realize this, the builders looked for a brickworks that could burn these bricks - even with small defects such as the model from the Kaispeicher. The architects gave precise instructions for laying.

Even before the official opening, up to 16,000 guests visited the Elbphilharmonie Plaza every day from November 2016. At the end of February 2017, less than four months after opening, the Elbphilharmonie Plaza already had its millionth visitor. The 10 million visitor mark was reached in early June 2019.

Concert halls

HamburgMusik gGmbH is the user of the concert halls . Even before the inauguration ceremony, this company organized so-called "Elbphilharmonie Concerts" both in the Laeiszhalle and at other venues in Hamburg. General director of the Elbphilharmonie and the Laeiszhalle has been Christoph Lieben-Seutter since 2007 . The NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester is the residence orchestra , the Ensemble Resonanz residence ensemble . The center of an extensive range of music education is the Elbphilharmonie Instrumentenwelt in the former Kaispeicher area of ​​the building.

There is a large concert hall with 2100 seats, a small hall with 550 seats and a third hall, Kaistudio 1 , with 170 seats. The foyer around the large hall is laid out with oak parquet.

  • The Great Hall follows the principle of "vineyard architecture", which goes back to the architect Hans Scharoun and his design for the Berlin Philharmonic (1957). With this type of construction, the stage is slightly offset in the middle of the hall, while the tiers rising up like a vineyard are grouped around it. In the Elbphilharmonie, no seat is more than 30 meters away from the conductor's desk. The hall is 25 meters high.
The internationally renowned acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota was hired to achieve the best possible sound effect for this room. Toyota has already conceptualized more than fifty other concert halls and venues around the world. To test the acoustics of the Great Hall, Toyota had a five by five meter model made on a 1:10 scale. Based on his measurements, the Great Hall was clad with a total of 10,000 CNC- milled plasterboard , with an area of ​​6500 square meters. Each of these panels is unique, between 35 and 200 millimeters thick and has a weight per unit area of ​​between 30 and 125 kg / m². The three-dimensional surface of the panels consists of a non-repeating pattern of depressions, grooves and pyramidal cones, also known as microshaping , which were created on the computer using mathematical algorithms. Around a million fist-sized cells were created over the entire wall surface of the hall, which scatter the sound. The acoustic interior wall cladding is also called “white skin”, although the architect Jacques Herzog prefers this term to associations such as crustaceans or mussels. The threads between the panels with a total length of four kilometers that were originally laid for the insulation had to be removed again, and silicon was used in their place. Nevertheless, the acoustics in the great hall are criticized by acousticians and conductors.
  • The Small Hall has wall panels made of milled and arched oak from the Loire Valley. It is primarily used to perform chamber music and is also open to other uses such as jazz concerts or banquets.

Concert organ

Fixed console of the organ

The organ in the Great Hall was built by the organ building company Johannes Klais Orgelbau ( Bonn ). Development and production took a total of eight years and continued during the construction stop. Since the instrument - in contrast to other concert halls - is placed in the middle of the auditorium, the prospect pipes had to be protected with a special coating. The instrument has 69  registers with 4,765 pipes , 380 of which are made of wood; They are distributed over five manual works (two swellable ) and pedal . Of the 84 rows of pipes, the first 7 registers (8 'and 4') in the choral work are occupied by up to 73 pipes, i.e. they have 12 tones more than the keys on the keyboards, and are designed for the super-octave couplings up to c 5 . The organist can play the instrument from two four-manual console tables that are almost identical in appearance : one is permanently attached to the organ, the other console is mobile and is positioned on the orchestra stage for playing. Four registers are housed as a remote control in the ceiling reflector of the hall, including the penetrating stentor clarinets; the remote control can be freely coupled to any manual and to the pedal. Choir and solo work can be decoupled from the associated manuals, the swell only on the electric console. The organ has a width and a height of about 15 meters each and a depth of about 3 meters; it weighs approx. 25 t. The maximum wind consumption is around 180 m³ per minute. The game action of the fixed game table is mechanical, that of the mobile game table and the stop actions are electric.

Disposition:

I choral work C – c 4
01. Concert flute 08th'
02. Quintaton 08th'
03. Drone 08th'
04th viola 08th'
05. Vox angelica 08th'
06th Magic Flute 04 ′
07th violin 04 ′
08th. Fifth flute 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
09. Piccolo 02 ′
10. Third flute 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
11. Larigot 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Seventh 01 1 ⁄ 7  ′
13. Harmonia aetheria IV 0 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
14th Orchestral clarinet 08th'
15th Corno di Bassetto 08th'
Tremulant
II main work C – c 4
16. Principal 16 ′
17th Principal major 08th'
18th Principal minor 08th'
19th Violin principal 0 08th'
20th Lull major 08th'
21st Drone 08th'
22nd Octave 04 ′
23. recorder 04 ′
24. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Octave 02 ′
26th Cornett V 08th'
27. Mixture IV 02 ′
28. Trumpet 16 ′
29 Trumpet I. 08th'
30th Trumpet II 08th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – c 4
31. Drone 16 ′
32. diapason 08th'
33. Harmony flute 08th'
34. Reed flute 08th'
35. Viola da gamba 08th'
36. Vox coelestis 08th'
37. Principal 04 ′
38. Transverse flute 04 ′
39. Duplicate 02 ′
40. Nun's cornet VI 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
41. Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
42. Bombard 16 ′
43. Trumpet harmonique 0 08th'
44. Hautbois 08th'
45. Vox humana 08th'
Tremulant
IV Solo work C – c 4
46. Claribel 08th'
47. Stentor viol 08th'
48. horn 08th'
49. Bombard tuba 00 16 ′
50. Tuba mirabilis 08th'

Fernwerk C – c 4
51. Seraphone flute 08th'
52. Seraphone flute 04 ′
swellable:
53. Stentor clarinet 0 16 ′
54. Stentor clarinet 08th'
Pedal C – f 1
55. flute 32 ′
56. Pedestal 32 ′
57. Principal 16 ′
58. flute 16 ′
59. Sub bass 16 ′
60. Violon 16 ′
61. Octavbass 08th'
62. cello 08th'
63. Covered bass 08th'
64. Octave 04 ′
65. Mixture IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
66. Contra trumpet 0 32 ′
67. Trombones 16 ′
68. trombone 16 ′
69. Trumpet 08th'
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: III / I, IV / I, FW / I, I / II, III / II, IV / II, FW / II, IV / III, FW / III, FW / IV, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P, FW / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / I, III / III, IV / IV, FW / FW
    • Super octave coupling: I / I, III / III, IV / IV, FW / FW, IV / P, P / P
    • Equallage from: I, III, IV, FW
  • Playing aids : electronic typesetting system

hotel

Location next to Hanseatic Trade Center and Kehrwiederspitze

The four-star plus hotel “The Westin Hamburg” with 244 rooms is located in the eastern part of the 6th to 20th floors of the building and is operated by the Westin Hotels & Resorts chain , which is part of the Starwood Hotels and Resorts group . The opening took place on November 4, 2016. On the 6th floor there is a spa area with pool, saunas and fitness area and on the 7th floor a conference area and a restaurant for 170 guests. The lobby is located on the 8th floor; access is possible from the public plaza and lifts from the entrance area on the ground floor.

gastronomy

In the western part of the Kaispeicher, the brick base of the Elbphilharmonie, is the “Störtebeker” restaurant, which is operated on three floors by the Störtebeker Braumanufaktur together with east Hotel & Restaurant GmbH. On the 5th floor there is a restaurant with bar for a total of 220 guests, on the 6th floor there is a shop and beer tasting area. On the plaza on the 8th floor there is also a deli with snacks and drinks on offer. In addition to the Störtebeker gastronomy, there are further gastronomic offers in the hotel and in the concert area of ​​the Elbphilharmonie.

Condominiums

In addition to the cultural use of the concert halls and the music education area, the building includes 45 upscale residential units, which, with purchase prices of up to 10 million euros, are among the most expensive in the city.

View of the Elbphilharmonie from the Landungsbrücken .

Parking garage

In the former Kaispeicher there is next to the Kaistudio 1 and rooms for the music education area also a parking garage with 433 parking spaces, 170 of which are reserved for hotel guests and the owners of the condominiums. The car park operator is Apcoa Parking.

Urban marketing concept

The Elbphilharmonie was advertised early on by HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, which is responsible for the development and marketing of HafenCity, alongside the Hamburg International Maritime Museum, which opened in 2008, and the previously planned Science Center as the central cultural institution of HafenCity. In addition to its use as a concert hall, the Senate wanted to create an internationally visible landmark for Hamburg and the HafenCity and carried out advertising and image campaigns for this purpose. The opening was accompanied by the Hamburg Authority for Culture and Media, HamburgMarketing GmbH and HamburgMusik gGmbH with a campaign to strengthen Hamburg's international awareness.

history

Prehistory of the location

Former Kaiserspeicher around 1900
Port of Hamburg 1882, on the left the Kaiserspeicher at Kaiserhöft

The Elbphilharmonie stands on the former Kaiserhöft , which was created in the course of the port construction work to create the open tidal port in 1865 by straightening the John's corner . On this quay between Sandtorhafen and Grasbrookhafen, the then hydraulic engineering director Johannes Dalmann built the Kaiserspeicher am Kaiserkai in 1875 , which was renamed Dalmannkai in 1893 . The west tower with its time ball has long been the symbol of the port. The main building was badly damaged in the Second World War , only the tower remained intact.

In 1963 the ruins were blown up. Kaispeicher A was built between 1963 and 1966 based on designs by Werner Kallmorgen . It is an example of post-war modern architecture in Hamburg. The building was used to store cocoa, tobacco and tea. The three semi-portal cranes at the east end of the Elbe Quay, renovated by a circle of friends, date from this time as witnesses . The storage facility later lost its original use when general cargo trade was relocated to other parts of the port . In everyday life it was therefore often called the “cocoa bunker”. This use ended in 1990.

2001 to 2006: planning

Planning - Elbphilharmonie model
Kaispeicher A with the Elbphilharmonie poster in July 2006
The warehouse before the renovation, August 2005

The Elbphilharmonie project began with the private initiative of the architect Alexander Gérard and his wife, the art historian Jana Marko. They developed the idea and the usage concept and presented it to the Hamburg Senate in October 2001 as an alternative to the then planned "Media City Port", which initially reacted cautiously and skeptically to the project. At the end of 2002, the then mayor, Ole von Beust, announced the construction of a cultural center in the new Hafencity district: he envisaged “a new music hall” that would cost around 50 million euros.

Gérard and Marko won Herzog & de Meuron for a collaboration in 2003 . A tender did not take place; only the architect Stephan Braunfels complained against it. The architects' first draft was presented to the public in June 2003. In December 2003, the Senate made the fundamental decision to build the Elbphilharmonie, subject to technical and economic feasibility.

In May 2004 the Senate formally appointed Hartmut Wegener as the project coordinator for the construction of the Elbphilharmonie with all competencies. The project coordinator was connected directly to the First Mayor, received an accompanying group from the Senate for his support and used ReGe Hamburg as a management company to carry out its client tasks. After the failure of a joint venture solution with the project developer and investor Dieter Becken and Gérard, the city took over the project alone in November 2004 and entered into the architectural contract with Herzog & de Meuron .

A feasibility study in July 2005 assessed the project as technically and economically feasible on the basis of the architects' preliminary draft planning and estimated the net construction costs according to the current planning status to be 186 million euros. The Senate then decided to pursue the project with a financial contribution from the public sector of 77 million euros. The remaining costs were to be covered by the private shell development and donations. The citizenship approved the necessary planning funds. A Europe-wide investor competition for the construction, operation and financing of the Elbphilharmonie was started. The Elbphilharmonie Foundation was established in October 2005 and has since contributed to the realization of the project by collecting donations and endowments.

History of contracts, funding

The building application was submitted in autumn 2006. In November 2006 Ole von Beust (CDU) announced the results of the Europe-wide bidding competition. The bid by the Adamanta consortium (Hochtief and Commerzbank ), which won the bid, amounted to 241.3 million euros.

The citizenship unanimously approved the realization of the Elbphilharmonie and the city's financial contribution on February 28, 2007 and committed the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg Bau GmbH & Co. KG , represented by ReGe Hamburg Projekt-Realisierungsgesellschaft mbH , to this.

The development of the project was characterized by massive increases in costs and considerable delays. Before the contract was awarded, an investment volume of 77 million euros for the Free and Hanseatic City was calculated as part of the basic assessment. When the contract was signed in 2007, this amount had increased to 114 million euros. After several renegotiations, the Hamburg Senate and the Hochtief company, which was placed in the role of general contractor by the new contract, agreed in December 2012 on a net final construction sum of 575 million euros - including the planning costs.

On April 23, 2013 Hamburg's First Mayor Olaf Scholz announced that the project would cost Hamburg's taxpayers a total of 789 million euros. Overall, the Hamburg Senate stated that the Elbphilharmonie would cost 866 million euros, additionally financed by donations and additional income. This does not include costs for the 45 luxury apartments .

The completion of the building was initially planned for 2010, but was postponed several times in the course of development. The topping-out ceremony took place in May 2010 after a three-year construction period. The acceptance took place on October 31, 2016, following the reorganization decided by the Hamburg Parliament in June 2013. The plaza was opened on November 4, 2016. The concert began on January 11, 2017, 1000 free tickets were raffled for which more than 200,000 people applied. For the first three weeks after the opening with a series of concerts with world-famous artists and orchestras, all tickets were quickly sold out.

2007 to 2015: construction work

View from Niederhafen (October 2008)

The foundation stone was laid on April 2, 2007. Hamburg's then First Mayor Ole von Beust (CDU), the Senator for Culture Karin von Welck , the chairman of Hochtief Construction AG , Henner Mahlstedt, Pierre de Meuron from the architects Herzog & de Meuron and the project coordinator of the Senate for the Elbphilharmonie, Hartmut Wegener , put an architectural drawing, a certificate, a current daily newspaper and a special coin from the Elbphilharmonie in a time capsule in the foundation stone.

Construction status for the topping-out ceremony on May 29, 2010

Construction began the following day. In the first step, the Kaispeicher A received a blue steel corset made of A-blocks to support the facade. At the same time, the complete gutting of the listed building began with the removal of the roof. In addition to the existing 1,111 reinforced concrete piles, 621 additional piles were installed. Installation of the window elements began in mid-December 2009. The first of the elements, which are on average 3.5 meters high, 5 meters wide and 1.5 tons, were installed at a height of around 40 meters. The topping-out ceremony took place from May 28th to May 30th, 2010 after a construction period of around three years. The facade was almost half finished at this point. "A window costs around 20,000 euros, there are 1089 elements in total," said Hochtief manager Möller at the festival. On the day after the topping-out ceremony, 4,000 visitors visited the construction site on “Day of the Plaza”.

The state of construction reached in September 2011

In August 2011, around 150 of the installed windows should be removed again due to a demand from the building supervisory authority to provide additional security for the facade climbers who are supposed to clean the windows. At the end of September 2011, Hochtief announced that it would “completely discontinue the further preparation of the TGA implementation planning (technical building equipment)”. While the general planner Herzog & de Meuron also created the execution planning for all other trades after the draft planning , this was for the supporting structure and TGA according to the interface list as part of the service contract with Hochtief. As a result, the specialist planners from Hochtief and the architect accused each other of obstructing each other because the other did not deliver his plans, only passed them on late or inadequately. In October 2011, after submitting the third revision of the fire protection concept by the general planners and the associated considerable necessary rescheduling, Hochtief announced that construction work in some parts of the Elbphilharmonie would be suspended. In addition to the escalator, the facade renovation of the Kaispeicher and the TGA, this particularly affected the roof.

As early as 2009, Hochtief raised safety concerns against the approval planning of the structural planning of the architect or his structural engineer commissioned as a specialist planner. As required by law, the statics were checked by a structural engineering test engineer on behalf of the building inspectorate and had to be improved. At Hochtief's request, the checked statics were also submitted to the authority for urban development and the environment as the responsible building supervisory authority and also approved by them. The construction company Hochtief, however, did not consider its concerns about the statics to be eliminated. The experts engaged by the company would come to the result in simulations and calculations that the necessary security for the reinforced concrete structure could not be proven.

At the end of May 2012, Hochtief agreed to continue building. On November 26, 2012, the company announced that the roof structure of the building could be successfully lowered and the roof loads could be distributed as desired without affecting the stability of the building. The roof structure, which weighs around 2000 tons, no longer rests on seven supporting pillars, but exclusively on the walls of the building.

Opening 2017

Light spectacle for the opening

The inauguration of the concert area took place on January 11th and 12th, 2017 with the concert " Time becomes space here " by the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra , each with over 2000 visitors. The following spoke: Federal President Joachim Gauck , Hamburg's First Mayor Olaf Scholz , General Director of the Elbphilharmonie Christoph Lieben-Seutter and Swiss architect Jacques Herzog . In addition to the President of the Bundestag Norbert Lammert , the President of the EU Parliament Martin Schulz and the Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel , members of the Federal Cabinet were among the guests (Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks and Agriculture Minister Christian Schmidt ). Around 1,000 tickets were raffled off in a lottery for hamburgers. Many donors for the Philharmonie also came. During the opening concert on January 11, 2017, the facade of the Elbphilharmonie was illuminated by a light show in which the concert music was translated into moving images. On January 12, 2017, the Ensemble Resonanz opened the Elbphilharmonie Small Hall with the Into the Unknown program .

Improvements in 2017

After several falls, some of which were severely broken, due to missing markings, especially in the Great Hall, improvements were made with markings and rubber strips between July 13th and August 5th, 2017. Requirements suitable for the blind were also taken into account. The cost of the measures was estimated at € 300,000. Before the opening, the acoustics in the small hall had been optimized by working on a hall wall.

Damage 2017

After water damage in April 2017, the foyer of the small hall had to be extensively renovated from the beginning of September. The wooden floor and the masonry were damaged and the insulation was attacked by mold. The partial closure of the area lasted until the beginning of February 2018, the costs of the renovation in the millions are to be covered by insurance.

business

The Elbphilharmonie is managed and operated by SPIE GmbH, a subcontractor of the Adamanta construction company commissioned by the City of Hamburg . The commissioning of Adamantas has a term of 20 years (until 2037 Template: future / in 5 years) and costs 144.8 million euros, i.e. H. approx. 7.2 million euros per year.

Artistic director, concerts

Elbphilharmonie and Laeiszhalle (opened in 1908) are operated together under one management. Christoph Lieben-Seutter has been General Director since 2007 . Since the 2009/2010 concert season, he has been responsible for a music program under the title "Elbphilharmonie Concerts", which, in addition to performances by private concert organizers, was initially held in the Laeiszhalle and at other venues in Hamburg and was a foretaste of the musical diversity, internationality and quality of the future Elbphilharmonie program. The concerts with artists such as John Eliot Gardiner , Rolando Villazón and Leif Ove Andsnes were attended by around 50,000 people in their first season.

In February 2011, the Association of German Concert Directors e. V. brought a lawsuit against the state of Hamburg and HamburgMusik gGmbH (“Elbphilharmonie Concerts”) to the Hamburg district court because of predatory competition . The association of private concert organizers accused HamburgMusik gGmbH of abusing public subsidies. Price dumping would force private providers out of the market. On December 22, 2011, the Hamburg Regional Court dismissed the lawsuit. The court denied that there was an unfair displacement of other providers. The goal of attracting viewers through low prices justifies the cost shortfall. From an economic point of view, the district court found it understandable that some particularly attractive concerts were not offered at a cost-covering level in order to arouse interest in other events.

In the 2010/2011 season there was a concert on the cruise ship Queen Mary 2 : The Fauré Quartet played on its voyage from Hamburg to New York on August 26, 2010. In the Laeiszhalle, four resident artists, Mariss Jansons , Thomas Hampson , Piotr Anderszewski and the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen , gave several concerts each, as well as the Vienna Philharmonic , the Concertgebouw Orchestra Amsterdam, the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and the Budapest Festival orchestra as guest. The Elbphilharmonie Concerts kicked off the 2011/2012 season with John Malkovich in the music theater "The Giacomo Variations", which also featured the Hamburg violinist Christian Tetzlaff , the Belcea Quartet, the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen and Sir Simon Rattle . The fourth season opened in September 2012 with Claudio Abbado with the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in the Laeiszhalle. In the 2013/2014 season, the 1st Hamburg International Music Festival, a cooperation between several Hamburg concert organizers, took place, which was repeated in 2016 and will take place annually from 2018. The 2015/2016 season was the last season in which the Elbphilharmonie concerts mainly took place in the Laeiszhalle, the first season with concerts in the Elbphilharmonie was the 2016/2017 season.

In the first half of the year after the opening of the new concert hall, the tightly timed musical program included concerts of various genres - from orchestral concerts with international conductors such as Riccardo Muti and soloists such as Cecilia Bartoli to jazz greats such as Brad Mehldau to the Einstürzende Neubauten and smaller themed festivals such as Salam Syria. The Hamburg orchestras also played a large part in the program: the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester , the Hamburg Philharmonic State Orchestra and the Ensemble Resonanz . On January 27, 2017, the Latvian organist Iveta Apkalna, titular organist of the Elbphilharmonie , inaugurated the organ in the Great Hall with a solo concert. Several concerts were broadcast live from the Great Hall during the season, and at the end of August 2017 there was a free concert cinema on the forecourt of the Elbphilharmonie. Artists of the 2017/18 season include Peter Eötvös , Sir Simon Rattle , Daniil Trifonov , the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra under Mariss Jansons , Barbara Hannigan and the American rock band The National . The focus and festivals are Schubert's song cycle Eine Winterreise , dedicated to the music of the Caucasus , Georg Philipp Telemann and Czech composers. HamburgMusik gGmbH also organizes series and concerts in the Laeiszhalle .

In addition to concerts, one focus of the work of HamburgMusik gGmbH is music education : children and baby concerts in various Hamburg districts as well as workshops , artist encounters and music theater were offered under the Elbphilharmonie Kompass brand as early as 2010 . The Elbphilharmonie Foundation and the Cyril-and-Jutta-A.-Palmer-Foundation , among others, are involved with grants. After the opening of the Elbphilharmonie, the range of music education programs for all age groups was extensively expanded. The Hamburg Sounding Museum moved from the Laeiszhalle to the Elbphilharmonie's Kaispeicher and was renamed Elbphilharmonie Instrumentenwelt . Concerts, music theater, instrument workshops, five amateur ensembles and supporting events for selected concerts are offered for children, school classes and daycare centers.

The Hamburg Philharmonic State Orchestra also moved its concert operations from the Laeiszhalle to the great hall of the Elbphilharmonie in spring 2017. Kent Nagano has been the orchestra's chief conductor and Hamburg's general music director since summer 2015 . The halls of the Elbphilharmonie are also rented to various concert organizers and ensembles. HamburgMusik gGmbH organizes around a third of the program itself.

Hotel operation and financing

Hotel room on the 19th floor

The hotel is operated by the “ ArabellaSheraton ” group under the “ Westin ” brand. Westin is part of the Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide group , which, according to its own information, operates more than 1,300 hotels in 100 countries under eleven brands. Dagmar Zechmann has been the hotel manager since the opening - she left the house in March 2018. The chef is the Austrian Martin Kirchgasser.

The Westin pays a lease to the construction company " Adamanta ", which in turn pays to Bau KG . It is calculated that the 244 rooms will bring in almost 4.5 million euros per year at around 18,000 euros per rental. Contrary to the feasibility study from 2005, in which the hotel was promised sufficient economic efficiency , the experts calculated in summer 2008 due to changed conditions that the hotel would bring the investor a loss of 20 million euros. The original investor then turned away. Instead, the city of Hamburg stepped in in this situation and became the client for the hotel area. The construction company “Adamanta” built the hotel for 129 million euros at the city's expense.

In total, around 200 million euros from Hamburg tax money are said to have been used to build the luxury hotel . The construction cost share of 103.3 million euros results in a total of 128.6 million euros with the 25.3 million euros for “additional project costs”. To finance this construction cost claim was sold by the construction company "Adamanta" as a loan agreement to a consortium consisting of HSH-Nordbank and Bayerischer Landesbank .

The construction costs became bank debts that are to be paid off with the loan over 20 years. The interest rate is 4.85% for 20 years, the loans will not be repaid until 2030. The banks receive between 20 and 90 million euros from Hamburg, depending on the discount factor . The City of Hamburg is assuming a total of 103 million euros for the building of 20 years of operation. Hamburg itself only receives income from the hotel operator's lease.

Until the end of the loan term , the interest is to be paid through the ongoing rental income and Template: future / in 5 yearsthe construction costs of Bau KG are to be covered by the sale of the hotel in 2032 . With the extension of the construction period (addendum 4), the lease income will start more than 1½ years later than planned, but the interest has been due since May 2010. This shift alone should cost 12.9 million euros.

The taxpayers' association has clearly criticized this investment at the expense of taxpayers. Critics like the party Die Linke draw the conclusion: "While Adamanta goes out of the deal with safe money, the city remains a thick bundle of debts and risks."

operating cost

Window cleaning is one of the annual operating costs of the Elbphilharmonie. The extensive window fronts are cleaned by specially trained industrial climbers from a Bavarian glass cleaning company with extra fully desalinated water. The window cleaners are allowed to abseil outside the windows for six hours a day, of which a maximum of three hours at a time. The three-week cleaning process is carried out three times a year and costs around 52,000 euros each (of which approx. 50,000 euros for personnel costs and approx. 2,000 euros for materials and water).

Traffic development

Bus stop near the Elbphilharmonie

Access via public transport is provided by rail, bus and Elbe ferry. The closest rapid-transit railway station is the baumall station on the U3 line , located around 450 meters to the north-west , which was renamed in baumall (Elbphilharmonie) in December 2016 . The station and the footpath between the stop and the Philharmonie were redesigned in 2013 with a view to their development function for the Philharmonie based on designs by Herzog & de Meuron. The station was given an additional exit that leads to a suggested square below the underground viaduct. In 2014 and 2015, the Mahatma Gandhi Bridge spanning the Traditionsschiffhafen / Sandtorhafen was replaced by a new building that has significantly wider footpaths than the original building and thus takes into account the function of the bridge for the development of the Philharmonic. A creative connection to the Elbphilharmonie is created by a lighting concept for the plaza and the walkway to the concert hall that is tailored to the building in the form of light beams directed towards the Philharmonie. These light bars can be found in the Philharmonie itself in the form of wreaths of rays in the foyer of the Great Hall and also have an effect on the surrounding urban space.

The route of the U4 passes under the building almost at a depth of around 40 meters, but there is no stop because of the expected costs. The closest station on the U4 is Überseequartier , about 1 kilometer east of the Philharmonie.

The closest bus stop is Am Kaiserkai (Elbphilharmonie) on Am Sandtorkai, north of the Philharmonie . To the southeast of the concert hall is the Elbphilharmonie ferry pier , which has been served by HADAG line 72 since December 2012 .

433 parking spaces are available in the Elbphilharmonie car park for motorized private transport.

Other use

As part of the G20 summit in Hamburg, a concert took place in July 2017 at the invitation of Chancellor Angela Merkel under the direction of Kent Nagano in the presence of u. a. US President Donald Trump , French President Emmanuel Macron , Russian President Vladimir Putin and other heads of government.

In December 2017, the Hamburg-born designer Karl Lagerfeld presented his Métiers d'art collection for the Chanel fashion house in the large concert hall.

Construction phase

contracts

The completion of the building was initially planned for 2010, but has been postponed again and again. The opening for 2013 was announced in March 2011, but there were further delays in August 2011, so that 2014 or 2015 were considered later. The feasibility study from July 2005 showed total costs of 186 million euros. The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg was to contribute 77 million euros from this sum. When the contract was signed in 2007, the total costs were already 241.3 million euros with a share of 114.3 million euros for the city. In 2008, Hochtief's substantial supplementary claims were negotiated, and a tough struggle took place for months. In September 2008, the Senate requested a change in personnel at the head of the project because of the situation that it saw in a skewed position. The project coordinator Hartmut Wegener then resigned from his office. The public interpreted this as the project coordinator being kicked out by Mayor Ole von Beust. His successor as managing director of ReGe was the former project manager Heribert Leutner .

In the course of supplementary negotiations between the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg Bau GmbH & Co. KG and Adamanta, supplement 4 in the amount of 137 million euros was negotiated in November 2008. Together with other additional costs on the part of the city, this addendum amounted to additional costs of 209 million euros. The total costs for the public sector increased from 190.9 to 399.9 million euros. Taking into account the committed donations, the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg's share of the costs amounted to 323 million euros. At the beginning of 2010 and beginning of 2011 additional claims were made again. In autumn 2011, the construction company announced that it would not be able to hand over the building until November 2014.

In August 2011, Hochtief estimated the total costs at 476 million euros. These estimates were based on additional costs and costs due to the construction delay. Since November 2008, Adamanta had asserted additional cost claims amounting to around 40 million euros. The city of Hamburg contested their eligibility. In contrast, the city demanded a contractual penalty of 40 million euros. After the construction freeze caused by Hochtief in October 2011, the Senate emphasized in a report to the citizens that Hochtief had all the documents on the statics of the hall roof that had been checked and approved by the building authorities and that were important and necessary in order to be able to build. The city did not recognize the additional costs. After the city of Hamburg threatened to terminate contracts, Hochtief agreed to resume work on the roof structure shortly before the ultimatum expired at the end of May 2012.

In July 2012, the construction company and the city of Hamburg agreed on a key issues paper that set the completion date for summer 2015. It also stipulated that the Hochtief construction company, together with the responsible architects and specialist planners, would present a concept within one year of what the future construction plans of the Elbphilharmonie should look like. A further two years of construction are then planned. In mid-December 2012 it was announced that the construction would cost a further 195 million euros more, plus additional costs for taxes, interest and for the further commissioning of the ReGe and its project managers, which became necessary due to the construction delay. Hochtief and the City of Hamburg agreed to realize the building for a maximum of 575 million euros when the public areas were handed over on June 30, 2016. The acceptance of the entire building ("handover of the keys") was contractually guaranteed by October 31, 2016. In the future, Hochtief should lead the working group entrusted with the planning and assume significantly more responsibility.

At the end of June 2013, the Hamburg citizenship approved the new contract and approved additional construction costs of 195 million euros. Hochtief was therefore obliged to complete the concert hall by October 2016 at a fixed price of 575 million euros. In return, Hamburg waived claims for damages. The city contributed 521 million euros of the total costs (as of December 2012). The 575 million euros is the net price. This includes the additional costs for the general planner Herzog & de Meuron with Höhler + Partner, who also switched to the general contractor.

Hochtief was now obliged to complete the house by the end of June 2016 and to hand it over at the end of October 2016. A contractual penalty of 575,000 euros was due for each working day of delay, up to a maximum of 28.75 million euros. According to industry information, the company set up a provision of around 80 million euros for risks .

Illumination on the occasion of the handover of the Elbphilharmonie on October 31, 2016

The reorganization agreement was negotiated on February 28, 2013. In accordance with the agreement of February 28, 2013, Hochtief also assumes all planning and construction risks. The plans that were still outstanding at this point were to be carried out by Hochtief in a joint venture with architects Herzog & de Meuron and Höhler + Partner. This cleared up the triangular relationship between the city, general contractor and general planner. The "HdM label" - compliance with the architects' quality requirements - is also guaranteed by Hochtief. In addition, the quality specifications of the acoustician Toyota (Nagata Acoustics) had to be implemented by Hochtief, because his approval was a further prerequisite for the final acceptance by the city. Other key points of the reorganization were: separate termination rights of the city, with penalties (penalized) concrete interim deadlines as well as publicly appointed and sworn experts commissioned jointly with Hochtief to control the contract-compliant implementation. The city of Adamanta paid an additional 195 million euros for the assumption of all risks and additional (construction) services and the additional costs for the general planner. The draft contract has been published on the Internet, with some trade and business secrets being blacked out. The Hamburg Citizenship decided to reorganize the Elbphilharmonie project on June 19, 2013.

In January 2015 it was announced that the Elbphilharmonie would be officially opened to the public with a concert on January 11, 2017. After the keys were handed over in October, the plaza opened in November and three test concerts, the first public concert took place as planned.

A total of seven contracts regulate the construction of the building, the operation and financing of the commercial shell and the sale of the luxury apartments. In addition, there are a total of five supplements to both the guarantee agreement with the Bayerische Landesbank and the service agreement with Adamanta. In October 2012, the people's initiative Transparency creates trust, within the framework of the Hamburg Transparency Act, which came into force on October 6, 2012 (see also Freedom of Information> Länderebene ), applied for the disclosure of the Elbphilharmonie contracts, which were finally published on December 17, 2012 on the Elbphilharmonie website for those interested were published. The reorganization agreement and all associated amendments or additions to the contract were also published there in April 2013. The annexes to the reorganization agreement were also posted on the Internet. They can now (as of January 2017) be viewed on a website of the City of Hamburg. All contracts and annexes were handed over for inspection together with the Senate files for the reorganization of the citizenship in April 2013.

Project reorganization: agreements and contract changes

Additional services from Hochtief

  • Assumption of all planning and construction risks
  • Creation of the outstanding implementation planning in a newly established working group with the architects
  • guaranteed compliance with the architects' quality standards ("HdM label"); To ensure that the quality and functionality of the planning and construction work are in conformity with the contract, it was agreed that jointly selected publicly appointed and sworn experts would be commissioned to accompany the planning and construction
  • Guaranteed compliance with the specifications of the acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota and implementation of future optimizations of the acoustic planner
  • contractually guaranteed intermediate dates; the city receives separate termination rights in the event of a conflict. The city may, among other things, terminate the contract if Hochtief does not meet certain interim deadlines or if the cooperation between Hochtief and the architects is prematurely terminated if the conflict is caused by Hochtief. Hochtief has to pay fines to the city if intermediate dates are not met.
  • Guaranteed completion date October 31, 2016

additional services by the architects (Herzog & de Meuron and Höhler + Partner)

  • Participation in the creation of the missing planning
  • Ensuring the planning quality ("HdM label")
  • continuous quality assurance support of the structural realization

Construction schedule

  • First of all, the working group of the general contractor and the architects worked out the outstanding implementation planning
  • on June 19, 2013: approval of the contracts by the Hamburg citizenship
  • September 15, 2013: Completion of coordinated 3D planning for the Great Hall and the associated technical center for construction; Submission of the security concept for the entire building
  • November 30, 2013: Completion of the entire shell
  • May 31, 2014: Completion of the element facade
  • August 15, 2014: Completion of the roof sealing layer (rainproof)
  • April 30, 2015: Completion of the hotel (without interior fittings), technical area above the large concert hall on the 18th to 23rd floors
  • January 31, 2016: Completion of white skin in the large concert hall
  • Handover of the concert area of ​​the Elbphilharmonie by June 30, 2016
  • Acceptance of the Elbphilharmonie by October 31, 2016

Additional costs for the city

  • 195 million euros (net) for the additional services by Hochtief and Architekten for planning and construction
  • In addition, there are taxes, interest, other project and costs for the further commissioning of the ReGe and its project managers in the amount of 61.6 million euros, which became necessary due to the construction delay.

According to the Hamburg cultural authority, the tax situation is “very complicated” so that it is not clear what costs will arise from the tax office's claims.

financing

Increase in total forecast costs since 2003

Cost development of the Elbphilharmonie in million euros:
Sky blue: Total costs
Red: City of Hamburg
Green: Donations

The construction of the Elbphilharmonie was financed by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , by the investor consortium IQ² ( Adamanta ), in which Hochtief AG and Commerz Real AG have joined forces, and by donations from the Elbphilharmonie Foundation. Originally, the percentage of the Hanseatic city's cost was to be kept relatively low through several large private donations in the millions. At the end of 2012, the donations collected only made up about 10 percent of the total construction costs.

In a feasibility study from 2005 it was worked out that in addition to the share of the city and the investors, a donation sum of 30 million euros would have to be raised by private persons in order to guarantee the implementation of the project. The hoped-for donation amount was raised in the same year by a large donation of 30 million euros from the entrepreneur couple Hannelore and Helmut Greve . Further large donations of 10 million euros from Michael Otto , President of the Hamburg-based mail order company Otto , and the Hermann Reemtsma Foundation followed. On October 31, 2005, the "Elbphilharmonie Foundation" was established in order to raise further donations and endowments.

The 2006 offer by the Adamanta consortium (Hochtief + Commerzbank), which was awarded the contract, amounted to 241 million euros, 114 million euros of which should be borne by the city of Hamburg. A further 103 million euros were to be privately financed through a public-private partnership via the shell development (hotel, catering and parking) and the rest should be raised through donations. The award was accompanied by an expansion of the gross floor area from 84,000 to 120,000 m² and the integration of a third concert hall. This resulted in construction costs of 2,000 euros per m² GFA (gross floor area) from the total offer price [for comparison: the costs of the Mainz State Theater, completed in 2001 , totaled 4456 Euros per m² GFA].

The total of donations received for the construction project was around 69 million euros by the end of 2012.

Public impact / criticism

Information pavilion for the Elbphilharmonie

The project was controversial for a long time due to its cost development and especially the increasing contribution from the city of Hamburg.

Since the contract was signed between Hamburg as the client and the Adamanta consortium in 2007, construction costs have risen considerably. In an interview with Tagesschau in January 2013, the civil engineer and full professor of the chair for construction process management and real estate development at the Technical University of Munich , Josef Zimmermann:

“A specialist knew from the start that the Elbphilharmonie could not be built for the estimated price. One can only be amazed that people keep pretending to do that. Nevertheless, there was nothing wrong with building the Sydney Opera House or the Elbphilharmonie. Such projects are of immense economic and cultural importance. "

On the occasion of the topping-out ceremony, some demonstrators chanted that the building was a “disgrace for the rich”. The Haspa Trend Barometer 2010 determined in July 2010 that 69 percent of citizens expressed the view that projects such as the Elbphilharmonie "enhance Hamburg's image as a cultural metropolis".

The negotiations between the actors, which were not transparent from the public's point of view, and the delay in completion were also criticized several times.

The image of the Elbphilharmonie changed with the reorganization of the project and later with the completion and the opening, which received worldwide attention, and the new landmark has given the city great and positive media coverage both nationally and internationally.

Committees of inquiry

In May 2010, at the request of the SPD, a parliamentary committee of inquiry "Elbphilharmonie" was set up to investigate the allegation of a non-transparent cost and contract structure as well as the inadequate information of the citizens by the Senate. The committee of inquiry concluded its work at the end of the 19th legislative period. His criticism was directed in particular against the contract structure of the construction contract, the lack of a coordinated schedule and a finally defined construction target, the premature tendering from the committee's point of view and the insufficient staffing of the urban project company. In addition, the agreed amount of 30 million euros, which was part of addendum 4, was criticized.

At the request of the parliamentary groups of the SPD, the GAL , the FDP and the parliamentary group Die Linke , a parliamentary committee of inquiry into the “Elbphilharmonie” was set up in the 20th legislative period and met for the first time on April 19, 2011. The second parliamentary committee of inquiry came among others. a. to the conclusion that the cost increase was due, on the one hand, to the "steady expansion of the project" in the early phase, in addition the planning for the tender and contract conclusion had not progressed sufficiently, and in addition the costs (budgets) were far too high been set low.

There were two drafts of a final report by the second Elbphilharmonie investigative committee of the Hamburg citizenship. A first draft presented in summer 2013 was rejected as too one-sided. On April 4, 2014, the Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry presented its 640-page final report. The document names several shortcomings. The invitation to tender was made in 2006, although the underlying planning had not yet been completed and the city's realization company had been overwhelmed with examining the supplements.

For the first time, the report also named six people and two companies who mainly caused the cost increases or are considered responsible for them: Hartmut Wegener (until autumn 2008), Heribert Leutner (his successor), Ole von Beust, Karin von Welck , Volkmar Schön, Herzog & de Meuron (architects), Ute Jasper (lawyer) and the building consortium around Hochtief.

Models of the structure elsewhere

Model of the Elbphilharmonie in the model of HafenCity in the Kesselhaus

In the Miniatur Wunderland model display facility in the neighboring Speicherstadt , the copy of the Elbphilharmonie was inaugurated in 2013 with a miniature concert in the opening large hall, even before its model . More than 100 journalists, 300 guests and official representatives of the city and the orchestra were present at the inauguration of the model. The copy is 83 cm high and is in the Hamburg part of the local model railway system next to landmarks from Hamburg such as the St. Pauli Landungsbrücken or the Hamburg Michel and landmarks from all over the world. The model was created in 13,000 man hours.

They are also available as a visually greatly reduced miniature structure in the boiler house - port model of HafenCity (wood, plexi). This model represents an earlier draft that has some noticeable differences compared to the final draft.

The Elbphilharmonie special postage stamp issued by Deutsche Post AG appeared on January 2, 2017 . It shows an illuminated view of the building from the land side and is worth 145 cents.

In the summer of 2017, a Lego model of the Elbphilharmonie built by a private Lego fan caused media coverage.

Striking design elements, such as the curved roof line, found their way into an Elbphilharmonie Limited Edition of eight grand pianos from Steinway & Sons . The point grid of the windows is shown on the inside of the lid, the roof line in the music stand. The models B-211 and O-180 are available and also differ in other features (logo of the Elbphilharmonie on the key flap and the bench buttons) from the standard models.

Movies

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Elbphilharmonie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Elbphilharmonie  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Boarding Elphi. Topping-out ceremony for the Hamburg Elbphilharmonie. Baunetz Media GmbH, May 28, 2010, accessed on March 11, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Stars come to "Elphi" concerts. Welt, April 15, 2013, accessed March 11, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Be embraced, millions. Hamburgers vote for Elbphilharmonie. Baunetz Media GmbH, March 1, 2007, accessed on March 11, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Jörn Lauterbach, Martin Eimermacher, Carola Große-Wilde: The Elbphilharmonie is a house for everyone. In: Welt Online . November 4, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Elbphilharmonie. Hamburg is building a landmark. In: ndr.de. Norddeutscher Rundfunk, January 2017, accessed on March 11, 2017 .
  6. ↑ a b c Elbphilharmonie should cost 789 million euros. In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk . April 23, 2013, accessed April 23, 2013 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Bernhard Honnigfort: Sound everywhere . In: Berliner Zeitung , 10./11. December 2016, p. 3.
  8. ↑ a b c Elbphilharmonie opened on January 11, 2017 . In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk , January 12, 2015.
  9. ↑ There was also the first concert in the Small Hall the next evening: ++ Second opening concert. Süddeutsche Zeitung , January 13, 2017, accessed on August 25, 2020 . with Georg Friedrich Haas ' commissioned work "Release". (South German edition from 13.1.17)
  10. ^ Hamburger Abendblatt - Hamburg: Elbphilharmonie: 850,000 concert-goers in the first year . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on January 23, 2018] online view for a fee).
  11. ↑ a b Small written question from MP Martina Koeppen (SPD) dated May 17, 2010 and answer from the Senate. Re: Foundation of the Elbphilharmonie. Printed matter 19/6203, May 25, 2010
  12. ↑ a b Claas Gefroi: The engineering structure Elbe Philharmonic Hall in Hamburg . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . May 2017, pp. 32–40.
  13. ↑ Emanuel Eckardt: The wave that became a force . In: Cicero. Political Culture Magazine . Ringier Publishing , Zofingen March 2012.
  14. ↑ Joachim Mischke: With this century building, Hamburg is reinventing itself. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . January 9, 2010, accessed May 18, 2010 .
  15. ↑ Niklas Maak: The big iceberg over the city. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. February 14, 2015, accessed February 14, 2015 .
  16. ↑ Elbphilharmonie Plaza as a visitor magnet. In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk . December 29, 2016, accessed December 30, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Culture: Elbphilharmonie viewing platform: millionth visitor . In: The time . February 24, 2017, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed February 25, 2017]). Culture: Elbphilharmonie viewing platform: millionth visitor ( memento from February 26, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ The 10 million mark. Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Hear what's coming: Elbphilharmonie Concerts 2009/2010. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 13, 2016 ; Retrieved June 29, 2010 .
  20. ↑ The team ( memento of June 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on: elbphilharmonie.de , accessed on June 19, 2010.
  21. ↑ a b The Elbphilharmonie. (PDF) (No longer available online.) ReGe Hamburg , January 2009, archived from the original on May 23, 2010 ; Retrieved May 23, 2010 .
  22. ↑ a b “White Skin” of the Elbphilharmonie sets the tone. In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk . Retrieved January 5, 2017 .
  23. ↑ Michael Köhler: "Fascinatingly crystal clear". In: Deutschlandfunk . August 31, 2011, accessed on January 20, 2013 (interview with Nikolaus Bernau ).
  24. ↑ Christoph Drösser: Acoustics: The dream of perfect sound . In: The time . Hamburg September 4, 2007 ( zeit.de [accessed January 5, 2017]).
  25. ↑ Wiebke Tomescheit: The "white skin" is his work. In: Hamburger Morgenpost . January 2, 2017, accessed January 5, 2017 .
  26. ↑ a b c Oliver Georgi: Where ten thousand tones get under the white skin. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 9, 2016, accessed January 5, 2017 .
  27. ↑ Elbphilharmonie: The acoustics and the white skin. In: Norddeutscher Rundfunk . Retrieved January 5, 2017 .
  28. ↑ Acoustical problems in the concert hall: Can the Elbphilharmonie still be saved? Report in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on February 8, 2019, accessed on February 9, 2019
  29. ^ Report on the homepage of Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) from January 15, 2019, accessed on February 9, 2019
  30. ↑ He built the best organ in the world. In: Hamburger Morgenpost from January 3, 2017.
  31. ↑ Final spurt for the organ of the Elbphilharmonie . Press release from HamburgMusik gGmbH. In: Orgelbau Klais (Ed.): Internet site . December 2016 ( orgelbau-klais.com [accessed January 5, 2018]).
  32. ↑ For disposition on the website of the organ building company.
  33. ↑ Julia Stanek: Luxury above the concert hall. In: Spiegel Online , November 3, 2016.
  34. ↑ Eva Eusterhus: Elbphilharmonie hotel: Beautiful sleeping despite delay in construction. In: Welt Online . March 14, 2012, accessed January 20, 2013 .
  35. ↑ Information from the hotel operator
  36. ^ Hamburger Abendblatt - Hamburg: Hamburg's most expensive apartment in the Elbphilharmonie sold . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on January 23, 2018] online view for a fee).
  37. ↑ Christoph Kapalschinski: Elbphilharmonie secret matter . In: handelsblatt.com , November 4, 2016, accessed November 4, 2016
  38. ↑ Information from the operator ( memento of November 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on November 4, 2016
  39. ↑ Raise the curtain: HafenCity as a stage for culture. (PDF; 10 MB) In: Projects. Insights into current developments No. 12. HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, October 2009, p. 32ff , accessed on January 13, 2013 .
  40. ↑ FOCUS Online: Hamburg: Elbphilharmonie opening campaign one of the most successful campaigns of the year . In: FOCUS Online . ( focus.de [accessed on January 23, 2018]).
  41. ↑ Film report in the ARD media library
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  62. ↑ Merkel comes to the Elbphilharmonie opening at ndr.de on January 6, 2017
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  66. ↑ Elbphilharmonie improves in case of stumbling blocks at ndr.de from August 6, 2017
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  69. ↑ Hans-Juergen Fink: We want the wow factor in all areas. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . May 20, 2010, accessed on May 20, 2010 (online view for a fee).
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  72. ^ LG Hamburg: No unfair price dumping through the sale of concert tickets below cost price. Law firm Dr. Bahr, April 14, 2012, accessed January 12, 2013 .
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  74. ↑ First Hamburg International Music Festival opens. , (Online view subject to charge) In: Hamburger Abendblatt , May 9, 2014.
  75. ↑ Highlights of the first Elbphilharmonie season . ( waz.de [accessed on January 23, 2018]).
  76. ↑ Holger True: Beethoven's Ninth live from the Elbphilharmonie for everyone . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on January 23, 2018] online view for a fee).
  77. ^ NDR: Concert cinema in front of the Elbphilharmonie. Retrieved January 23, 2018 .
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  79. ↑ Hotel Westin Hamburg (PDF) Portrait of Dagmar Zechmann from July 9, 2016 (.pdf / 3 pages)
  80. ↑ Luxury hotel in Elphi: "The Westin" boss quits after only two years , MoPo from March 9, 2018
  81. ↑ Hotel Westin Hamburg (PDF) Portrait of Martin Kirchgasser from September 7, 2016 (.pdf / 4 pages)
  82. ^ Keyword Elbphilharmonie , Association of Taxpayers Hamburg.
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  85. ^ New construction of the Mahatma Gandhi Bridge. (PDF) Authority for Economy, Transport and Innovation State Office for Roads, Bridges and Waters, 2014, accessed on July 23, 2015 .
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  95. ↑ Elbphilharmonie will be finished later. In: image. Hamburg, March 18, 2011, p. 10.
  96. ↑ Printed matter 20/1924. Citizenship of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, October 25, 2011, accessed on January 11, 2013 .
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  99. ^ Agreement: Hamburg continues to build Elbphilharmonie with Hochtief. Handelsblatt, December 15, 2011, accessed on January 20, 2013 .
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  102. ^ Peter Ulrich Meyer: Elbphilharmonie: The city is withdrawing. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , December 17, 2012.
  103. ↑ Jan Haarmeyer : Elbphilharmonie: Why it is getting more expensive - and the taxpayers' association praises the Senate I. In: Hamburger Abendblatt December 17, 2012.
  104. ↑ Addendum 5: Draft reorganization agreement. (PDF; 171 kB) In: hamburg.de. Culture Authority, February 28, 2013, accessed April 22, 2013 .
  105. ↑ a b Drucksache 20/7738, Citizenship of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, June 19, 2013.
  106. ↑ Holger Hillers: Go in and hear for yourself! In: Hamburger Abendblatt , December 6, 2016.
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  108. ↑ Elbphilharmonie Reorganization Contract , Hamburg Cultural Authority, accessed on July 18, 2013
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  115. ↑ Elbphilharmonie costs continue to rise. (No longer available online.) Visionae - Kulturberatung, March 21, 2010, archived from the original on June 29, 2010 ; Retrieved June 29, 2010 .
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  118. ↑ Ute Welty: Interview: Mistakes in public building projects. In: tagesschau.de. January 15, 2013, accessed January 15, 2013 .
  119. ^ Reinhard Schwarz: Elbphilharmonie with dissonances. In: New Germany. May 31, 2010, federal edition p. 13 .
  120. ↑ Lien Kaspari, jhm: How people think about culture. In: image. Hamburg. July 22, 2010, p. 12.
  121. ↑ Marc Hasse: How the world press rates Hamburg's Elbphilharmonie . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on January 23, 2018]).
  122. ↑ Printed matter 19/5984. (PDF) Application of the SPD: Establishment of a committee of inquiry "Elbphilharmonie". In: Parliamentary Database. Hamburg Citizenship, April 21, 2010, accessed on January 18, 2013 .
  123. ↑ Citizenship Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg: Printed matter 19/8400 - Status report of the parliamentary committee of inquiry "Elbphilharmonie" ( Memento from January 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ; PDF)
  124. ↑ Printed matter 20/164 - Reinstatement of an investigative committee "Elbphilharmonie". Citizenship Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, April 13, 2011, accessed on January 11, 2013 .
  125. ↑ Senate document 20/11500
  126. ↑ Christian Rickens : Confidential report names the culprits of the Elbphilharmonie disaster. In: Spiegel Online , January 6, 2014.
  127. ↑ Christian Rickens : The chaos troop from the edge of the harbor. In: Spiegel Online , January 7, 2014.
  128. ↑ Dominik Brück: Hamburg celebrates the opening of the Elbphilharmonie. stern.de, November 14, 2013, accessed on November 22, 2016 .
  129. ↑ Elbphilharmonie opened in the miniature wonderland. In: Bunte December 3, 2013.
  130. ↑ Simone Pauls: Who stole the Elbphilharmonie? In: Hamburger Morgenpost , April 1, 2016.
  131. ↑ The Elbphilharmonie made of Lego. NDR, accessed on January 23, 2018 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 29.1 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 3.1 ″  E