Hamburg city center
The area within the historic Wallring , which formed the outer city limits until the 19th century , is traditionally referred to as Hamburg city center .
geography
The Hamburg city center comprises the districts of Hamburg-Altstadt and -Neustadt . To the west (between the Elbe and Dammtor ), Hamburg's city center borders the St. Pauli district , to the north (between Dammtor and Alster ) to Rotherbaum , to the northeast (Alster to the main station at St. Georg and southeast (main station to Oberhafen ) to Hammerbrook) . The southern border form the Zollkanal and the Elbe.
history
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The article History of Hamburg gives an overview of the economic and political development of Hamburg. Details are in the above-mentioned district articles, according to their geographical location according to today's administrative boundaries.
The bishop's tower from the 12th century is an archaeological find near the Petri Church. The Hammaburg , which gives Hamburg its name , has so far only been known from written records.
The article Hamburger Wallanlagen describes the new city fortifications from 1625. The northern part was used from 1866 for the route of the Hamburg-Altona connecting railway and forms the northern border of the city center.
After the previous fortifications had been removed, the course of the Alster was fundamentally redesigned and the Inner Alster was created in its current form, bounded by the streets Ballindamm , Jungfernstieg and Neuer Jungfernstieg .
The Hamburg fire destroyed large parts of the city center in 1842. Further significant cuts were made in the building fabric to rehabilitate the hygienic conditions due to the cholera epidemic of 1892 and the attacks on the civilian population in World War II from 1943.
The first railway line was opened in 1842 . In 1866 the first horse-drawn tram and in 1894 the first electric tram ran in the city center , in 1908 the electric city railway (today: S-Bahn ), in 1912 the elevated railway (today: U-Bahn ).
The Oper am Gänsemarkt was once the most important civil theater in the German-speaking area.
Streets and squares
Mönckebergstrasse ( main shopping street ) leads from Hamburg Central Station to Rathausmarkt .
To the south of the main train station are the City-Hof houses, the market hall and the Deichtorhallen (former wholesale market halls, event center and exhibition halls).
The main church St. Petri is on Mönckebergstrasse , next to it is the Hulbe house . On the north side of Mönckebergstrasse, the Europa Passage leads to Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz with the Thalia Theater .
South of Mönckebergstraße you can find the main church St. Jacobi with Arp Schnitger organ and the Kontorhausviertel (including the Chilehaus and Meßberghof ) on Steinstraße .
The Hamburg stock exchange with the banking district is to the west behind the town hall. To be found there: The Great Burstah , Hamburg's main shopping street before the breakthrough of Mönckebergstraße in 1912 and the former main church St. Nikolai , after the destruction of the Second World War , the tower (built from 1846 to 1874) was preserved.
From the Rathausmarkt you can get to the Gänsemarkt via Poststrasse or Jungfernstieg . The Heine monument is on the town hall market . The Small Alster with the Alster arcades and the “ Barlach Stele ” as well as the Bucerius Kunst Forum borders the Rathausmarkt .
Other shopping streets and passages: Neuer Wall , Große Bleichen (this is where the Ohnsorg Theater was located ), Hanseviertel, Hamburger Hof and Kaufmannshaus.
At Gänsemarkt is Dammtorstraße, which leads over Stephansplatz to Hamburg Dammtor train station. The Hamburg State Opera is located on Dammtorstrasse.
On Stephansplatz: the former Oberpostdirektion (with the former Museum for Communication ) and the Colonnaden pedestrian zone as well as the former “boulevard” Esplanade
The Park Planten un Blomen , the Congress Center Hamburg with the Radisson SAS Hotel Hamburg and the Gustav Mahler Park with the Friedrich Schiller monument are located between Stephansplatz and Dammtor train station .
The Esplanade leads to the Lombard Bridge , between it and the main train station is the Hamburger Kunsthalle .
On the east side of the main train station (St. Georg) are the German Theater and the Museum of Art and Industry .
Events
Numerous open-air events take place in downtown Hamburg, for example on various squares in the run-up to Christmas, on Gerhart-Hauptmann-Platz and the Rathausmarkt.
Alster pleasure
The most important folk festival limited to the city center is the Alstervergnügen , which has been held every year - since 1976 - on four days at the end of August around the Inner Alster . The pleasure of the Alster was once created to revitalize the city center. In addition to catering and sales stands, several stages are set up here, on which mostly local artists perform. Numerous loudspeaker bridges provide music, which is temporarily (e.g. during the fireworks ) switched together centrally.
Due to the extended shop opening hours, some business people in the city center see the event as competition today.
Since 1994, a particular highlight has been the international fireworks festival on the Inner Alster, which has been held over three evenings, and was initiated and moderated by Carlheinz Hollmann until his death .
The Alster pleasure took place for the last time in 2017. In 2018, the event was canceled because the financial resources for the extensive counter-terrorism measures at major events could not be raised.
traffic
Long-distance transport
Train stations: Hamburg Central Station and Hamburg-Dammtor
Southeast of the main train station is the central bus station (ZOB) with international and national bus connections and the VHH shuttle line A24 to Lübeck Airport .
Regional traffic
Bus and rail transport: See Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV). Operating companies : HHA , VHH , DB Regio , metronom , AKN , Autokraft .
A parking guidance system is installed on the access roads for motorized individual traffic , which provides information on the occupancy of the inner-city parking garages .
Local transport
The city center is served by all rapid transit lines (U- and S-Bahn) as well as several MetroBus , city bus , express bus and night bus lines. Important stations on the rapid transit network are the main train station, Jungfernstieg and Dammtor . Central nodes of the bus network are the main station with the stops around the station: Hbf / Kirchenallee , Hbf / ZOB , Hbf / Mönckebergstraße , Hbf / Steintorwall and Hbf / Spitalerstraße and the Rathausmarkt (Rathausplatz) with the Rathausmarkt and Rathausmarkt (Petrikirche) stops .