Esplanade (Hamburg)
The Esplanade in Hamburg is a street between Stephansplatz and New Jungfernstieg / Lombardsbrücke on Ring 1 in downtown Hamburg or Neustadt .
history
Between 1827 and 1830, it was laid out as a boulevard based on a design by Carl Ludwig Wimmel with houses built in the classicist style and four rows of linden trees in the middle. Models for the 50 meter wide and 250 meter long street came from England and Berlin ( Unter den Linden ). For this purpose, the city fortifications of the ramparts between the Alster and Dammtor had been leveled and the road was laid out with its material ( esplanade = flat / free zone between the city and the fortifications).
While the buildings on the south side were only submitted to Carl Ludwig Wimmel for appraisal, the fifteen houses on the north side came from the later building director himself. The houses there were symmetrically structured and through house no. 39 (first numbering house 8) with columns emphasized central structure. The portico was also taken up again on the south side of house 14 in a weaker form. Esplanade 39 was also the home of Charlotte Embden, Heinrich Heine's sister , in which Empress Elisabeth , who adored Heine , was a guest. The column front was repeated again on the corner building facing Stephansplatz (Meyers Hotel) and was used again as a facade element in the larger Hotel Esplanade (now Casino Esplanade), which was newly built there in 1906.
On the south side of the street, the uniform design disappeared before the First World War due to the opening of the colonnades and the construction of office buildings and hotels. In 1912–13, the Esplanade building (Esplanade 6 by Rambatz and Jollasse ) was a typical office building in a skeleton construction with an ashlar facade, hipped mansard roof and representative entrance hall, which received the first stacked storey in Hamburg above the simpler rear .
Apart from the Esplanade Hotel, the northern side was initially retained in its original form and was partially listed as a historical monument during the Second World War, which the houses survived without major damage . In the 1950s, on the one hand, people shied away from the costs of repairing the houses, some of which were in need of renovation, but wanted above all to implement contemporary urban planning ideas. More recent research has shown that Günther Grundmann, the head of the monument office at the time, supported the demolition behind the scenes. The new planning by construction director Werner Hebebrand envisaged three point high-rise buildings surrounded by public green spaces. These should move further away from the road in order to be able to build an elevated road over the esplanade to relieve traffic.
The monument protection for the houses Esplanade 38-40 were therefore lifted in 1958 and in 1963 the other houses 41, 42 and 43 were deleted from the list of monuments. The first demolition work began in 1958 for the construction of the Burmah House, completed in 1960 (or BAT House, as it was initially used by British American Tobacco ). In 1963 the demolition of six remaining houses began for the Finland House, which was completed in 1966 . The Finland House became the seat of the Finnish Consulate General. Due to its unusual construction, it was placed under monument protection together with the BAT house, both of which were designed by the architects Helmut Hentrich and Hubert Petschnigg . An originally planned third high-rise was not built until 2018. The former Hotel Esplanade and house no. 37 were therefore left standing. Esplanade 37, as the only preserved house of the building from 1827 to 1830 according to plans of Napkins, also mentioned in the novel is The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann .
Since 1877 a sculpture stood as a war memorial at the beginning of the esplanade. The memorial for those who fell in the Franco-Prussian War was moved to Fontenay on the Outer Alster in 1926 (see Rotherbaum ).
Esplanade 36
The building Stephansplatz 10 / Esplanade 36 / 36a was built in 1906–1907 for the Deutsche Hotel-AG by the construction company Boswau & Knauer as a grand hotel instead of two older buildings. The design came from the Berlin architect Otto Rehnig , the construction management was carried out by the Hamburg architect Gustav Blohm . The front building to the Dammtor , which was demolished for the new building, previously housed Meyer's Hôtel , the new building opened in 1907 as the Hotel Esplanade . The construction costs of the project were 2 million marks .
The representative interior of the house became a meeting place for society. In the unrest after the First World War, it was temporarily the headquarters of Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck's troops . In the following years the owners changed frequently. Hotel operations were stopped in the Second World War. The Hamburger Feuerkasse wanted to acquire the building as an administration building, but failed because of the veto of Gauleiter Karl Kaufmann . So it finally got the cellulose company Phrix-Werke AG . In 1948 the restaurateur Albert Harbeck reopened part of the house as Hotel Esplanade , at that time it had 90 rooms and the hotel café "Josephine Beauharnais" based on the French model. The house closed again in August 1951 after the lease had not been extended by Phrix-Werke AG.
The building, now called Phrix House , was completely converted into an administration building. Zoning plans stipulated that the building (like the rest of the northern esplanade) should be demolished for the construction of a 13 to 14-story high-rise. In 1971 the building was taken over by the central cash desk of the Nordwestdeutsche Volksbanken as an administration building and in 1973 it was badly damaged by fire during demolition work. During the subsequent renovation, a small shopping arcade with shops was added on the first floor, which could be reached via a pedestrian bridge as an extension from the Dag-Hammarskjöld Bridge and via the Esplanade via a bridge from the Colonnaden. In 2005 the bridges were torn down again and the shopping mall closed. It was then completely converted into a casino and restaurant.
The former ballroom of the hotel was converted into a cinema in 1948 by the architect Caesar Pinnau (entrance Esplanade 36). The hall of the Esplanade Theater essentially retained its elaborate stucco decorations and the chandeliers - it was therefore also one of the most beautiful movie theaters in the city. In 1968 the hall was divided into two cinemas. Only the foyer was damaged in the 1973 fire, the cinema was able to reopen after renovation in 1974. In 1982 the cinema had to close, the then owner (a bank) had the halls demolished in order to expand their office space.
On December 2, 2006, the Hamburg casino opened the Casino Esplanade , which, among other things, is the host of the German Poker Championships and a stop on the German Poker Tour. In the Big Game , Casino Esplanade has nine roulette and three blackjack tables, plus there are 140 slot machines.
Since 2012, the Hamburg Center for Health Economics , a health economic research center of the University of Hamburg and the UKE, has been located on the upper floors of the building .
The building is a listed building .
literature
- Lars Quadejacob: Hamburg's "Unter den Linden": the history of the Esplanade. In: Yearbook Architecture in Hamburg 2010. Junius-Verlag, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-88506-457-2 , pp. 188–197.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ralf Lange : Architekturführer Hamburg , Ed. Axel Menges, Stuttgart 1995; P. 50
- ↑ Lars Quadejacob: Hamburg's "Unter den Linden": the history of the esplanade. In: Yearbook Architecture in Hamburg 2010, pp. 188–197.
- ↑ List of monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 915 kB) ( Memento from June 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Silke Haps: Industrial companies of the architecture. General contractor in the early 20th century. The Boswau & Knauer company. Dissertation, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund 2008, Volume 2 (catalog raisonné), catalog no. G 26.
- ↑ Casino Esplanade Hamburg test report. Retrieved January 24, 2014 .
- ↑ Brochure of the HCHE, p. 8. ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ List of monuments in accordance with Section 6 (1) Hamburg Monument Protection Act, as of November 7, 2014, Hamburg-Mitte district, p. 142 Retrieved on April 19, 2015.
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 27.7 " N , 9 ° 59 ′ 19.2" E