Main Church Sankt Petri (Hamburg)

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St. Petri (2013)

The Sankt-Petri-Kirche is the oldest parish church in Hamburg . It is named after the apostle Peter and is one of Hamburg's five main churches .

location

South view as seen from Speersort

With its location on Mönckebergstrasse in the north, on Bergstrasse in the west, on Speersort in the south and on Kreuslerstrasse in the east, it marks 9.48  m above sea level. NN the highest point of Hamburg's old town . The pedestrian passage on the east side of the church is called Bei der Petrikirche .

The 132 meter high church tower can be climbed up 544 steps up to a height of 123 meters and offers a good overview of Hamburg city center through portholes .

The Protestant community today has a few hundred members. Around 300 people work in the service of the community, as pastors, social workers, choir directors, craftsmen, etc., the majority of them on a voluntary basis.

history

middle Ages

The Petrikirche stands at the highest point of a Geestrücken , where the first Hamburg settlement was near the Hammaburg . The origins of the church as a wooden chapel are assumed to be at the beginning of the 11th century at the latest; it was first mentioned in 1195 as ecclesia forensis (market church). After the Mariendom, which was demolished in 1805, it is the second oldest church in Hamburg's old town . In 1220 Pope Honorius III. if the transfer of ownership to the cathedral chapter is confirmed for this church, the patronage of the apostle Simon Peter ; However, it is unknown when the wooden structure was replaced by the first stone structure.

St. Petri as a horse stable in the Hamburg French era ( Peter Suhr , 1830)
St. Petri before and after the fire

The increasing prosperity of the citizens of Hamburg made it possible from 1310 to expand into a three-aisled, brick- Gothic hall church with four bays with a staggered three apse closure . In 1327 the consecration "yn de ere sunte Peter and Pawels the hillygen apostles" took place. The foundation stone for the tower was laid in 1342, initially only a western tower with no point. The point was built between 1377 and 1383 by the master builder Hermen van Kampen and finished with a lead covering. From this time onwards, the building underwent some characteristic changes: In 1376, the Martin's chapel was built on the north side of the tower as an extension of the aisle. In the years that followed, the south side with the Ansgar Chapel was also given its counterpart, so that the tower received a west facade with three portals, divided by supporting pillars. In 1418 a second south aisle was added the length of the central nave. At the beginning of the 16th century, two more chapels were added.

From 1513 to 1516, under the direction of the Hanoverian master builder Heinrich Berndes (Barteldes), the old spire was replaced by a new copper-clad spire. It should "stretch higher in de lucht alße de olde" and towered over the Mariendom in the immediate vicinity. At 445 Hamburg feet (127.5 meters), the tower was now the highest in the city, until the 135 meter height, also planned by Berndes for St. Nikolai , was completed in 1518 .

During the construction of the community center in 1962, the foundations of the medieval bishop's tower were discovered.

fire

St. Petri after the fire, lithograph by the Suhr brothers

The church building fell victim to the Hamburg fire on May 7, 1842 . The northern outer wall, the side apse up to about seven meters high and the two lower tower floors have been preserved. Most of the works of art, such as the lion's head door handle, were saved. Seven years later the inauguration of the neo-Gothic new building took place at the same place, built according to the plans of the architects Alexis de Chateauneuf and Hermann Peter Fersenfeldt , the copper-covered spire according to the plans of Johann Hermann Maack . The new building corresponded to the medieval hall church and only removed its little practical division and historically grown disorder through a new design of the interior. The south aisles were centralized and pulled together by a central pillar, the main pillars were reconstructed in their old form, but with a significantly reduced cross-section, so that the whole church is now oriented towards the pulpit. On the 132-meter-high church tower, which was completed on May 7, 1878, in addition to the common brick, partially glazed binders were used, which give the large area a special effect in regular association.

With the restructuring of Hamburg's old town, the demolition of the Gängeviertel and the construction of the Kontorhausviertel , the community lost many members. The Church survived Operation Gomorrah almost unscathed.

Since the introduction of the Reformation , St. Petri has had 30 main pastors and one main pastor.

Nuclear Power Plant Protest (2011)

Nuclear power protest

From April 1 to 17, 1979, around 400 opponents of nuclear power occupied the church. On the occasion of the nuclear accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant on March 28, 1979, they drew attention to the dangers of nuclear energy . One of the ten pastors who took part, against whom the church administration issued a reprimand , was Christoph Störmer , who was the main pastor of the congregation from 2002 to 2015.

After the Fukushima nuclear disaster, Robin Wood activists abseiled out of a church tower window on March 26, 2011 and attached a Smiling Sun to the tower.

Furnishing

St. Petri keeps two depictions of the first Hamburg bishop Ansgar von Bremen , the "Apostle of the North", from the old Mariendom : in the north nave a panel painting from around 1460 attributed to Hans Bornemann , on a pillar in the choir a wooden statue from the workshop of Bernt Notke from 1480/83.

The renaissance epitaph for the physician Dr. Petrus Galbius shows the raising of Lazarus by Cornelius Krommeny as the main picture .

The two oval oil paintings of Jacob's Dream and Adoration of the Christ Child by Gottfried Libalt (1610 Hamburg – 1673 Vienna) date from 1649 . The adoration was sprayed with acid on August 27, 1977 by the well-known Hans-Joachim Bohlmann and damaged. Both pictures returned to St. Petri in October 2001 after extensive restoration.

The painting Martin Luther with the Swan by Jacob Jacobs from 1603 hangs in the main church St. Petri (Hamburg) on a pillar in the north aisle (left of the entrance). This shows the relationship between Martin Luther and his predecessor Jan Hus . Before his execution, Hus is said to have said: "Today you will roast a goose, but a swan will emerge from the ashes". Husa means goose in Czech.

The painting Christmas 1813 in St. Petri by Siegfried Detlev Bendixen hangs on a pillar in the south aisle (to the right of the entrance) and was donated in 1817 by the office of the millers and their Martins brotherhood. It is a reminder of the city's residents who, after the siege by the Northern Army (Swedish, Prussian and Russian troops) began, were unable to provide evidence of sufficient provisions for the French occupation . They were therefore drawn together in St. Petri on Christmas Eve and expelled from the city at daybreak. In the same way, thousands of impoverished residents were gradually evicted, many of whom died.

The large marble relief Entombment of Christ in the choir was created in 1869 by Hermann Schubert .

Of the five glass windows in the choir, the south window (Last Judgment) was designed in 1950 by Hermann Oetken (1909–1998), the rest (Old Testament, Christmas, Easter, Whitsun) in 1959 by Claus Wallner (July 4, 1926 Berlin – 1979).

Evangelists

The four marble sculptures of the Evangelists in the entrance halls on the south side from 1888 are works by August Herzig , who together with Fritz Neuber (1837–1889) also created the sculptures on the gable wall of the west side (Christ with angels over Peter and Paul).

Bonhoeffer monument

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Outside at the northeast end of the choir is a monument to Dietrich Bonhoeffer by Fritz Fleer . The bronze statue by Fritz Fleer, donated by Axel Springer and inaugurated on November 23, 1979, shows the theologian, who was executed in 1945, in prison clothes with his hands tied. The inscription on the base reads:

"Resistance and surrender + Dietrich Bonhöffer / born on February 4, 1906 / pastor / of the professing church / arrested in April 1943 / murdered on April 9, 1945 in the Flossenbürg concentration camp "

Works of art

Grabower Altar

The so-called Grabower Altar by Master Bertram von Minden (approx. 1340-1414 / 15), created in 1379/83, comes from St. Petri . The fact that the parish of St. Petri donated it to the church of Grabow in 1731 saved it from destruction in the great fire of 1842 . In 1903 Alfred Lichtwark bought it back for the Hamburger Kunsthalle . The former high altar of St. Petri shows the aspirations and wealth of the bourgeoisie: One of the most important artists from the emperor's circle of Prague was chosen.

Former south portal
Door Puller (1342)

facade

The baroque south portal, created in 1604/05 by the sculptor Georg Baumann, was severely damaged in the fire of 1842 and only re-erected as an architectural fragment in its inner courtyard when the Museum of Hamburg History was built in 1922 .

The oldest preserved work of art in the church is the left door puller of the central west portal in the form of a bronze lion head. It dates from 1342, probably from the Lübeck workshop of the sculptor and ore caster Hans Apengeter . The inscription reads:

"Anno Domini MCCCXLII incoeptum est fundamentum hujus turris. Or [ate] p [ro] Jurati [s]. "
(In the year of the Lord 1342 the foundation of this tower was started. Pray for the church jury [= parish council].)

On the right wing of the door there is a neo-Gothic replica of the lion's head handle by Wilhelm von Hanno from 1849. This bears the inscription:

"1842 May 7 destroyed by fire + 1849 May 7 rededicated to the Lord".

  • Key of St. Petri

  • Chancel 2002

  • Chancel 2018

  • Hamburgo St. Petri 12.jpg

Organs and church music

Main organ

St. Petri owns three organs from the workshop of Rudolf von Beckerath Orgelbau (Hamburg): the main organ based on a layout by Helmut Tramnitz (1955), a choir organ and a small instrument in the Martinskapelle.

The restoration and expansion of the main organ by Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau was completed in 2006. The four-manual instrument now has 66 registers on a tone chute slider . About a third of the 4,724 organ pipes still come from the previous organ , which was built in 1884 by Eberhard Friedrich Walcker (Ludwigsburg). The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions and coupling are electrical.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Dumped 8th'
3. Quintadena 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Reed flute 4 ′
6th Fifth flute 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th octave 2 ′
8th. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Sif flute 1'
11. Sharp V
12. Dulcian 16 ′
13. Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
14th Principal 16 ′
15th octave 8th'
16. Playing flute 8th'
17th octave 4 ′
18th Night horn 4 ′
19th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th octave 2 ′
21st Flat flute 2 ′
22nd Mixture V
23. Sharp IV
24. Trumpet 16 ′
25th Trumpet 8th'
III Swell C – g 3
26th Dumped 16 ′
27. Principal 8th'
28. Viol principal 8th'
29 Wooden flute 8th'
30th Drone 8th'
31. Gemshorn 8th'
32. Gemshorn floating 8th'
33. octave 4 ′
34. Coupling flute 4 ′
35. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
36. Night horn 2 ′
37. Mixture IV-VI
38. Ringing cymbal III
39. Cornet IV-V
40. bassoon 16 ′
41. Trumpet 8th'
42. oboe 8th'
43. Clarine 4 ′
Tremulant
IV breastwork
(swellable) C – g 3
44. Wooden dacked 8th'
45. Wooden principal 4 ′
46. Quintad 4 ′
47. Principal 2 ′
48. Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
49. Beats III
50. Sharp III
51. Vox Humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
52. Back set 32 ′
53. Principal 16 ′
54. Sub-bass 16 ′
55. octave 8th'
56. Dumped 8th'
57. octave 4 ′
58. Night horn 2 ′
59. Rauschpfeife III
60. Mixture V
61. Contrabassoon 32 ′
62. trombone 16 ′
63. Dulcian 16 ′
64. Trumpet 8th'
65. Trumpet 4 ′
66. cornet 2 ′

Director of the St. Petri Bach Choir and organist of St. Petri was church music director Ernst-Ulrich von Kameke for 32 years, succeeding Helmut Tramnitz . In 1996 this position was taken over by Thomas Dahl , who was appointed church music director in 2007. Since 1953, a second church musician has been active in an assistant role at St. Petri.

Bells

Peal

The mighty tower houses a valuable triple bell from the 19th and 20th centuries. The small bell with the strike note d 1 is the remainder of the bells cast by Hermann Große in Dresden in 1878 (es 0 –g 0 –b 0 –d 1 ); the three big bells were destroyed in the First World War . The bell foundry Franz Schilling Söhne from Apolda added two bells to the remaining bell in 1922 and 1924 (g 0 and b 0 ). The largest is dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul and weighs 6,275 kg with a lower diameter of 2,130 mm. All three bells escaped the melting furnaces of World War II and are among the very few bells that have survived from this period. In addition to the three chime bells, there are also three chiming bells from 1939 (b 0 ), 1510 (f 1 ) and 1537 (d 2 ).

literature

  • Carl Malsch (Hrsg.): The main church St. Petri in Hamburg. Building history, works of art, preachers. Friedrich Wittig Verlag, Hamburg 1978.
  • Jürgen Suhr: Description of the Sanct Petri Church in Hamburg and its tower. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, 1842. (books.google)

Web links

Commons : St. Petri, Hamburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronicle Hamburg. 2nd updated edition, Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 1997, ISBN 3-577-14443-2 , p. 24.
  2. ↑ a b c Hans Christian Feldmann: Main Church St. Petri in Hamburg , DKV-Kunstführer No. 609, 2nd updated edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-422-02224-9 , p. 4
  3. ^ Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronicle Hamburg. P. 79.
  4. ↑ Volker Plagemann : Sunken Art History - The churches and artists of the Middle Ages in Hamburg. 1999, pp. 32, 70.
  5. ↑ Berends, Heinrich. In: Friedrich Müller: The artists of all times and peoples or the lives and works of the most famous builders, sculptors, painters ... 1st volume, Stuttgart 1857, p. 127.
  6. ↑ Heinz Stoob : Hamburg's high towers. 1957, p. 15; Plagemann Sunken Art History pp. 32, 70, 84.
  7. ^ Rainer Postel : The Reformation in Hamburg 1517-1528. (= Sources and research on the history of the Reformation. Volume 52). Gütersloh 1986, ISBN 3-579-01680-6 , p. 64.
  8. ^ Carl Malsch: The main church St. Petri in Hamburg: history and present . Wittig, 1974 ( Google Books ).
  9. ^ Hermann Hipp : Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Art travel guide. History, culture and urban architecture on the Elbe and Alster. DuMont, Cologne 1996, p. 132.
  10. ^ Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronicle Hamburg. P. 286.
  11. ^ Hermann Hipp: On the brick building of the 19th century. In: Arno Herzig (ed.): Das Alte Hamburg (1500-1848). Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin / Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-496-00948-9 , p. 229.
  12. ^ Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronicle Hamburg. P. 577.
  13. ↑ Reference for ten pastors. In: The time. August 10, 1979.
  14. ↑ The kilns, the masses, the exit. In: The daily newspaper. March 28, 2011, accessed April 6, 2011.
  15. ↑ Four times St. Ansgar - reports from the restoration workshop St. Jacobi
  16. ↑ Hamburg Artist Lexicon. Hamburg 1854, p. 38; The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Volume 3, Hamburg 1968, p. 81 and Fig. 78; Figure in the picture index
  17. ↑ Jacob's dream of the ladder to heaven
  18. ↑ Adoration of the Shepherds
  19. ↑ Painting donated, saved, donated. In: The world. October 16, 2001, accessed September 8, 2014.
  20. ^ Karl Johann Heinrich Hübbe: Views of the free Hanseatic city of Hamburg and its surroundings. First part, Frankfurt am Main 1824, p. 59. in the Google book search
  21. ↑ A. Springer: Schubert's Entombment of Christ. In: Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst. Volume 5, Leipzig 1870 p. 225. in the Google book search
  22. ↑ Achim Knöfel, Reinhard Rittner: 100 years of church painter Hermann Oetken . In: Oldenburger Jahrbuch 2009. pp. 61–84
  23. ^ Detlef Garbe , Kerstin Klingel: Memorials in Hamburg. A guide to places of remembrance from 1933–1945. Published on behalf of the Hamburg citizenship and the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, by the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial and the Hamburg State Center for Civic Education. Completely revised new edition. Hamburg 2008, p. 78. pdf ; Volker Plagemann : Father city, fatherland, God protect you with a strong hand. Monuments in Hamburg . Christians 1980. p. 199 books.google
  24. ↑ http://denkmalhamburg.de/dietrich-bonhoeffer-an-der-st-petri-kirche/
  25. ↑ This lion's head is sometimes referred to as the oldest surviving work of art in Hamburg (Ernst Christian Schütt: Chronik Hamburg , p. 46), but the virgin sculptures from the Hamburg Cathedral in the Museum of Hamburg History are older (around 1300) ( Goldgrund und Himmelslicht. Die Kunst of the Middle Ages in Hamburg . Dölling and Galitz Verlag, Hamburg 1999, pp. 334–335 and 136–137)
  26. ^ Jürgen Suhr: Description of the Sanct Petri Church in Hamburg and its tower , p. 33 Google books ; History of the fire of Hamburg , in: The German pilgrim through the world. Calendar and people's book [...] for the year 1843 . P. 99 books.google
  27. ↑ Organs and Organ Music in St. Petri
  28. ↑ On the history and disposition of the organ in St. Petri

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 1 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 47 ″  E