Planten un Blomen
| Planten un Blomen Old Botanical Garden Wallringpark Wallanlagen |
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| The Reclining Woman by Edgar Augustin (1977), at the entrance to the Old Botanical Garden | ||
| Basic data | ||
| place | Hamburg | |
| District | Hamburg-center | |
| Created | 1821 | |
| Newly designed | 1935, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1986 | |
| Surrounding streets | St. Petersburger Strasse, Jungiusstrasse, Tiergartenstrasse, Glacischaussee, Gorch-Fock-Wall | |
| Buildings | Café lakeside terraces, water organ, rose garden | |
| Technical specifications | ||
| Parking area | 47 ha | |
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53 ° 33 '40.1 " N , 9 ° 59' 0.3" E
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Planten un Blomen is a 47 hectare park in the center of Hamburg . The name is Low German and means "plants and flowers". The founder and first director of the Botanical Garden in the Hamburg Wallanlagen , Johann Georg Christian Lehmann , planted a plane tree on November 6, 1821 , the first tree in the park. It is located at the Dammtor entrance between the Tropenhaus and the Congress Center and is a natural symbol of the beginning of the garden.
In summer there are public theater performances for children, water light concerts and music performances. Admission is free. Because of the parks and playgrounds, the park is also a popular destination regardless of events.
location
The park is part of a green corridor that curves west around downtown Hamburg and follows the course of the Hamburg city fortifications , which were demolished in the 19th century . The green corridor leads from the Lombard Bridge on the Inner Alster through the Gustav Mahler Park , located between the tracks of the connecting railway and Esplanade , to the Dammtor , from there through the Old Botanical Garden and the Wallring Park (small and large ramparts) to the Millerntor and flows beyond the Road to the old Elbpark with the Stintfang , a hill above the Elbe and the landing stages .
Planten un Blomen is bordered in the east by the Gorch-Fock-Wall / Holstenwall street , on which some representative administrative buildings, such as the Oberpostdirektion on Stephansplatz or the Chamber of Crafts , were built at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century . Is located on this road in the southeastern end of Planten un Blomen the Museum of Hamburg History . In the west, the park is bounded by the Glacischaussee and the Heiligengeistfeld behind it .
At Sievekingsplatz, with the court buildings of the Justizforum and the Hamburg pre- trial detention center in the west and Johannes-Brahms-Platz with the Laeiszhalle in the east, the connecting path to the park runs under the streets.
While the parts of the park formerly known as the ramparts and the Old Botanical Garden belong to the Neustadt district , the northwestern part of the park, which later gave the whole park its name, is part of St. Pauli . This borders in the north on the connecting railway and the Congress Center Hamburg (CCH), in the west on Rentzelstraße with the Heinrich-Hertz-Fernsehturm and in the south on the exhibition grounds of Hamburg Messe , from where a covered arcade path , the so-called Messeweg , runs through the Park leads to the CCH with its hotel tower and the Dammtor train station . This fairway and the Marseiller Straße to the underground access to the CCH form the border to the Old Botanical Garden with the old buildings of the University's Botanical Institute now used by the Bucerius Law School .
history
Old Botanical Garden
In 1821, the city of Hamburg made a small part of the ramparts at Dammtor available for the construction of a private botanical garden. It was run as a state institute from 1857. By the beginning of the 20th century, the garden was expanded to 20 hectares. After the opening of the new botanical garden in Klein Flottbek in 1979, the Loki Schmidt Garden , the old botanical garden was incorporated into Planten un Blomen.
Zoological garden and cemetery
The name of the "Tiergartenstrasse" to the north is reminiscent of its previous use as the Hamburg Zoo. The zoological garden was opened in 1863. It bordered south on the “St. Petersburger Straße / Jungiusstraße ”and the (old) Botanical Garden , separated by the street“ Bei den Kirchhöfen ”. This street name in turn is reminiscent of the Dammtor cemeteries that have been here since 1793. A public and amusement park was built on parts of the grounds of the zoological garden in 1930 . In 1934/35 the “Low German Garden Show” took place on other parts of the site under the direction of the garden architect Karl Plomin .
Preparation through horticultural exhibitions
The International Horticultural Exhibition in 1897 was held as a flower show in the large ramparts between Millerntor and Holstenwall.
Low German Garden Show 1935 : The area was created by merging the old zoological garden (see Tiergartenstrasse) and the cleared cemetery area of the Hamburg main churches. The Low German name Planten un Blomen was introduced. According to the national concept of the time, exotic plants were replaced by native ones. The show should reflect Germany's flora.
The original condition of the park was almost completely destroyed in Operation Gomorrah in July / August 1943 during the Second World War . The only relics from the old days are the sundial, the cascades and the white walls in the old rose garden (now the Bürgergarten) and in the apothecary garden. Since 1953 the park has been rebuilt and rebuilt on various occasions.
In 1953, 1963 and 1973 the International Horticultural Exhibitions (IGA) were held on the site . The internationality was now also reflected in the flora of the facility.
International horticultural exhibition 1953 : The area included Planten un Blomen, the ramparts and the exhibition grounds. On the former Eulenburg , the hill next to the water organ , the Philipsturm was built in the Parksee . Water organ and park lake were created.
International horticultural exhibition 1963 : The exhibition area was expanded and included the ramparts, the botanical garden and the Heiligengeistfeld. The tropical greenhouses of Bernhard Hermkes in the Old Botanical Garden have been preserved from the IGA 1963 . The Mediterranean terraces on the sunny slope in front of the greenhouse facing the moat were laid out. A special trade fair attraction in 1963 was a gondola lift from Dammtor over eleven pillars and 1.415 kilometers to Millerntor and back, which was dismantled at the end of the exhibition. The elongated exhibition area, whose area was largely congruent with today's Park Planten un Blomen, was optimally developed through this railway .
International Horticultural Exhibition 1973 : A passage across Marseiller Straße was created, playgrounds, water light organ and ice rink were created. The greenhouse remained from the Old Botanical Garden. The plans for the New Botanical Garden in Klein Flottbek were started, this was then re-created and renamed Loki-Schmidt-Garten in 2012 . The IGA-Bahn , which was built for the IGA 1973 , fared not much better than the cable car (although there was a park railway before , it only ran a small circle around the old Planten un Blomen ). She stopped at four stations between the entrances to Dammtor, Fernsehturm and Millerntor ; the tracks ran right through flowerbeds and green spaces. The operation of the railway continued after the end of the exhibition year; However, since no operator was found later, the last train ran in October 1982. Most of the tracks were dismantled in 1985, but remains can still be found today.
Reconstruction after 1973
In 1986 the areas of the Old Botanical Garden at the former Botanical Institute (since 2000 the Bucerius Law School ) and the small and large ramparts on the Wallring - which had meanwhile been administered as Wallringpark by the Hamburg-Mitte district - were incorporated and the site was incorporated into a public park transformed. This was a redeemed election promise made by the Hamburg Senate . Previously, Planten un Blomen had to pay admission. The Botanical Garden and Botanical Institute , which had meanwhile become too small, were allocated a new and larger area in Klein Flottbek in 1979 .
A part of the old park area was branched off on the eastern edge up to the embankment of the Hamburg-Altonaer connecting railway for the Congress Center Hamburg (CCH) and the new Marseiller Straße was lowered so that it passes under the garden area and is also an access ramp to the underground car park.
The southern part of the Dag-Hammarskjöld-Platz facing the park from Hamburg Dammtor train station was spanned by a branching pedestrian bridge, the Dag-Hammarskjöld-Brücke , to provide easy access to the new Planten un Blomen main entrance and a connection to the underground station Stephansplatz to enable.
Two Japanese gardens and a rose garden were created. In 1990, a glass-roofed walkway was set up across the park between the congress center and the exhibition grounds .
The pharmacy garden was moved in 1991 to the northwest corner of the Tiergartenstrasse .
Art in the park
There are many works of art in and around Planten un Blomen , such as the panther by Hans Martin Ruwoldt .
Areas of the park
After the IGA 1973, the areas "Planten un Blomen", "Old Botanical Garden", "Small ramparts", "Large ramparts" were collectively referred to as "Wallringpark" and in 1986 were given the name "Planten un Blomen" as a total park.
Planten un Blomen around the park lake
rose Garden
The rose garden with an area of around 5,000 m² has been part of Planten un Blomen since 1993 . It was laid out in the so-called "classic style". Around 300 different types of roses were planted in the rose garden, including historical roses , park shrub and wild roses, climbing roses and hybrid tea . The planting was supplemented by perennials, summer flowers and various small trees.
Numerous rose arches and seating areas complete the ensemble. In the center of the rose garden is a pavilion where you can get information about different types of roses and their care during the summer season. Classical music can be heard here every day in summer. In 2004 there were violent protests from Hamburg's citizens, including by Hannelore Schmidt , when it became known that part of the rose garden was to be given up in the course of the expansion of the CCH . A compromise partially prevented this.
The part of the park, which is now called the Rose Garden, is not the original part of the park under this name. The original rose garden in Planten un Blomen was laid out for the Low German Garden Show in 1935. When the new rose garden was built in the early 1990s, the original rose garden was renamed Bürgergarten .
Colored water light concerts
The water light concerts take place every evening from the beginning of May to the end of September. There are also water concerts without lights and music in the afternoons. The concerts each last around half an hour. The water organ at the Parksee consists of a fountain system, a music system and a lighting system. Two musicians each operate one of the two systems to play back the music.
Apothecary garden
In Apothekergarten take place on the second Sunday from May to September tours of the Hamburg pharmacist club instead.
Bandstand
Free live concerts take place regularly in the staircase-like music pavilion above the park lake. Among other things, the Hamburg Police Orchestra plays here regularly .
Memorial to the dead of the French era
A stone sarcophagus, which stands apart in the bushes of Planten un Blomen on the edge of St. Petersburger Strasse opposite the exhibition hall 4B, commemorates the Hamburgers who died in the Hamburg French era in 1813/1814. In the winter of 1813/14, all Hamburgers who had no food supplies had to leave the city on the orders of the French commandant Davout . Over 1000 hamburgers died at that time.
Bullerberge playground
Is known Planten un Blomen also for the varied playgrounds. The picture shows the large playground Bullerberge , which was designed by the sculptor Wido Buller for the IGA in 1973, is located near the entrance to St. Petersburger Strasse and was modernized in 1991. Another playground is the large Wallanlagen playground .
Old Botanical Garden
Tropical greenhouses
Planten un Blomen contains a tropical house complex in the center of the park, the show greenhouses of the old botanical garden that has been moved to Klein Flottbek (open daily during the day, free entry).
The greenhouses were built in 1962/63 based on designs by Bernhard Hermkes . It was opened as part of the IGA in 1963 . The area of the greenhouses is around 2,800 m². They have a maximum height of 13 meters. A special feature of this system is that the glass construction is suspended from external hollow box profiles, which means that the interior is free of load-bearing elements.
The complex is divided into five areas. The individual areas are divided into different plants and climatic zones . In addition to the actual tropical house, there is also a cycad house , a subtropical house , a cactus house and a fern house .
Today the greenhouses and the adjoining Mediterranean terraces are under monument protection .
Alpinum
At the end of the 19th century it became fashionable to reproduce mountains and their flora on a small scale. In 1903, garden director Eduard Zacharias also laid out such an Alpinum on the southern slope of the (old) botanical garden .
Today, gentian and edelweiss can no longer be found between the boulders, but the winding paths of the Alpinum have been preserved. The flora of the mountains moved with them to the new botanical garden in Klein Flottbek.
Japanese garden with tea house
The Japanese Garden in Planten un Blomen characterizes a central area and is located between the Congress Center Hamburg and the Hamburg-Messe . It was designed by garden architect Yoshikuni Araki in 1988 and is the largest of its kind in Europe. Although the design is strictly based on the design guidelines of classic Japanese gardens, it blends in perfectly with the overall appearance of the park. The various plants with rocks and flowing water create an image of Japanese garden culture.
In the center of the Japanese Garden is a lake, on the banks of which there has been a rustic, original Japanese tea house since 1990 . Classic tea ceremonies are celebrated here from May to September , and you can try different types of tea. In addition, other events take place at irregular intervals in the tea house. You can take part in workshops on Japanese calligraphy , take part in taiko drum workshops or find out about Japanese scent ceremonies.
Moat and Rudolphus Bastion
A memorial plaque on a former bastion above the moat in the park near Stephansplatz commemorates the builder of the ramparts Johan van Valckenburgh . The ramparts were built between 1616 and 1625 to defend the city. At the end of the 18th century, the ramparts lost their military importance. The Bremen gardener Isaak Altmann converted the ramparts into a recreational area.
Small ramparts (Wallringpark)
The small ramparts are delimited by the rear of the Hamburg remand prison and the Gorch-Fock-Wall. A memorial plaque in the park at the back of the courtyard of the pre-trial detention center commemorates 500 people who were beheaded there during the Nazi era. They had participated in the European resistance against the German occupation. Among them are France Bloch-Sérazin and Suzanne Masson , two French women who were executed in 1943. A stele commemorates the deserters who were executed in the courtyard of the remand prison.
Shortly before crossing under Sievekingsplatz from the small to the large ramparts, a water staircase was built.
Large ramparts (Wallringpark)
Artificial ice and roller skating rink ramparts
In Planten un Blomen there is an artificial ice rink, which is used in summer from mid-April to the end of September as a roller skating , inline skate and skateboarding area. With a total area of over 4,300 square meters, the ice rink is one of the largest outdoor artificial ice rinks in the world.
In contrast to the ice rink, entry to the roller skating rink is free.
Pottery room and mini golf course
The pottery room is located in the southern part of Planten un Blomen , the large ramparts . From May to the end of August, children can learn to work with clay in the afternoons on weekdays under professional guidance. Next to the pottery room there is a miniature golf course , a small trampoline and a kiosk .
Relics
To the west of the show greenhouses, on the slope of the Bucerius Law School campus , there are bricked-up entrances to a tunnel bunker from the Second World War . The spacious bunker should provide protection for up to 2,000 people. A planned but never realized extension of the tunnel system to under the music hall and today's exhibition halls could have protected up to 4,000 people. The system was never used. The construction was planned until November 1945, in May 1945 the Second World War ended in Europe. In 1962 the entrances and ventilation shafts were filled in and walled up.
Web links
- Andres Lehmann, Sarah Schafer: Park on the area of the Hamburg ramparts. In: hamburg.de. Retrieved on October 17, 2016 (including information on the history of the former Hamburg ramparts).
- NN: Planten un Blomen. In: hamburg.de. Accessed on October 17, 2016 (including opening times & admission ).
- NN: Botanical Garden. In: Society of Friends of the Botanical Garden Hamburg eV Accessed on October 17, 2016 .
- NN (editor): Planten un Blomen: Park in the heart of Hamburg. In: ahoihamburg.net. August 19, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2016 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hamburg, Planten un Blomen: plane tree from 1821 in the part of the old botanical garden. Location between the tropical house and the congress center. Explanations on the board.
- ↑ Hamburg, Planten un Blomen: part of the old botanical garden. Information board about the creation.
- ^ A b Matthias Iken: Hamburg's blooming gardens: From Planten to Blomen . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . April 15, 2013, p. 6 ( abendblatt.de ).
- ↑ Dirk Hempel: Flowers for the Hamburg "Volksgenossen". (Part 2) An amusement park - not for everyone. In: NDR TV / Hamburg Journal /. June 6, 2015, accessed October 17, 2016 . .
- ↑ a b N.N .: Garden show with a long tradition . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . Supplement, April 15, 2013, p. 9 . .
- ^ Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Authority for Urban Development and Environment (Ed.): Planten un Blomen. Leaflet with overview plan. Hamburg, 2nd edition, December 2005.
- ↑ From the cemetery to the amusement park: This is how Planten un Blomen , picture gallery of the North German Broadcasting Corporation came about (caption for the 10th picture; you have to click through from the 1st picture)
- ↑ http://www.hav-hamburg.de
- ^ NDR: Hamburg garden shows from 1869 to 2013. Retrieved on July 3, 2020 .
- ↑ http://www.hamburg.de/planten-un-blomen/
- ↑ a b Information board in the park.
- ↑ Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Authority for Urban Development and Environment (Ed.): Planten and Blomen . History and Development. Hamburg December 2005
- ↑ https://hamburg-history.info/bunker-in-planten-un-blomen/
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