Dam gate

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At the dam gate

The Dammtor in Hamburg was a city ​​gate in the area of ​​today's Hamburg Dammtor train station that existed until the early 19th century . In addition to the station name, several street names are reminiscent of the former gate of the Hamburg ramparts . The surroundings have also been referred to as at or near the dam gate from time immemorial .

history

The Dammthor was originally one of the Hamburg city gates between the old town and the later Neustadt and was located on the western bank of the dam over the Alster , around today's corner of Jungfernstieg and Neuer Jungfernstieg . A fortification tower called Isern Hinnerk (Iron Heinrich) or Blue Tower belonged to this old gate . When the Hamburg ramparts were built at the beginning of the 17th century, the gate was moved to today 's Stephansplatz , taking its name with it to the new location. Christian IV of Denmark laid the foundation stone for the new gate in 1622; two years later it was opened to traffic and completely finished in 1632.

Old and new Dammtor connected the Hamburg city center with its northern foreland and the villages there, today's districts of Rotherbaum , Harvestehude , Eppendorf and Eimsbüttel . Also "before the Dammtor" the so-called found themselves since the 18th century Dammtor cemeteries . After the end of the French era , the Dammtor was demolished in 1817 and the former fortress walls and ramparts were converted into green spaces. In place of the old gate, Carl Ludwig Wimmel built a "contemporary" gate system with stone posts and iron gates, which were locked every evening until the gate was lifted in 1860, as did the Millern and Steintor gates .

In 1866, the station of the Hamburg-Altona connecting line opened on Dammtordamm was named Dammtor . This station, located on the ground floor level with today's cinema, was replaced in 1903 by today's Hamburg Dammtor station .

  • The old Dammtor on the Alsterdamm with “Isern Hinnerk”, around 1587

  • The civic guard's elevator at Dammtor, around 1800

  • Area in front of the Dammtor during the "demolition" in 1813

  • The last dam gate from the outside, around 1830

Quarter

Edgar Augustin : Die Liegende (1977), in front of the Old Botanical Garden (today part of Planten un Blomen )

In a narrower sense, Am Dammtor usually means the area around the Dammtor train station and along the Dammtordamm street , which runs between the Planten un Blomen ( St. Pauli district ) and Gustav-Mahler-Park ( Neustadt district ) to Stephansplatz . From the Stephansplatz intersection, the street called Dammtorstraße , the former access road to Dammtor, continues into the city center to the Gänsemarkt . The Dammtorwall , located on the inside of the former city fortifications, branches off from it.

The name Vor dem Dammtor , which was in use until the 19th century , roughly encompassed the areas outside the fortress ring, accessible through the Dammtor, from the Outer Alster with today's Hamburg-Rotherbaum district to the cemeteries of the Hamburg parishes , which are now in their place Parts of the exhibition grounds and the parks of Planten un Blomen are located in the St. Pauli district.

Accordingly, sometimes, also in connection with the long-distance train station, the park north of it, the Moorweide with the adjacent main building of the university and the Congress Center Hamburg (CCH) with the tower of the Radisson Blu Hotel Hamburg at the location of the former entrance to the west of the train station to Planten un Blomen by localized at the dam gate .

Buildings at Dammtor

Dammtorbahnhof

Dammtor railway station, behind it the Hotel am CCH and the television tower

The Dammtor train station , which opened in 1903 to welcome the emperor, is the most important building on the Dammtor and, together with the CCH, shapes the image of the quarter today.

War memorial, counter memorial and deserter memorial

The war memorial on Dammtordamm
Counter monument by Alfred Hrdlicka

The war memorial on Dammtordamm called " war block ", initiated in 1934 by the traditional association of the 76th Infantry Regiment stationed in Hamburg and erected in 1936 based on a design by Richard Kuöhl , is a rectangular block of shell limestone with a surrounding relief depicting soldiers marching in rows of four, with their packs, shouldered rifles and steel helmets , representing life-size. It bears several inscriptions, including:

  • "Germany has to live,
    and if we have to die"
from the poem "Soldiers' Farewell" by Heinrich Lersch
  • The Infantry Regiment Hamburg 2nd Hanseatic
    No. 76 and its Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 76

The memorial is intended to commemorate the soldiers of the Infantry Regiment "Hamburg" (2nd Hanseatic) No. 76 and his Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 76 and is therefore also called the 76th Memorial . Owner of the monument were the traditional clubs Infantry Regiment 76. The monument had been called in before the seizure of power by the National Socialists by the initiators, it should as a counter-memorial to the 1931 inaugurated Hamburger Cenotaph ( "Barlach-Stele") by Ernst Barlach on Rathausmarkt act which was rejected by national circles. The inauguration took place on March 15, 1936.

After the end of the Second World War there were efforts by the British occupation authorities to blow up the monument. The Hamburg Monument Council prevented this with an order from 1946, according to which only the reliefs and inscriptions should be removed. However, this order was not implemented. In 1958, Richard Kuöhl provided the memorial with a crypt slab for those who died in World War II. In the 1970s, the memorial was regularly the target of military and neo-Nazi marches and anti-war rallies, but also of protest actions such as throwing paint bags, painting graffiti , knocking off relief pieces and small-scale explosions. The Bundeswehr stopped its honors at this location in the 1970s. It attracted particular attention in 1999 when the helmets of the soldiers depicted on the reliefs were alternately colored red and green, apparently to criticize Germany's participation in the Kosovo war under the government supported by the Red-Green coalition .

1982 decided the Hamburg Cultural Office, one to the side of the war memorial opposite Monument to place as a memorial. The so conceived memorial against the war by the Viennese artist Alfred Hrdlicka should consist of four parts. Since the artist made additional demands, only two parts were realized between 1983 and 1986: the Hamburg firestorm for Operation Gomorrah and the Cap Arcona escape group for the sinking of the Cap Arcona ship by British bombers, which most of the approximately 4,600 concentration camp inmates on board Cost life. The unfinished parts dealt with the deaths of soldiers and the image of women under fascism .

In November 2015, the deserter memorial was inaugurated between the war memorial and the counter memorial .

So now two types of monuments stand side by side, each from their time with the same goal, but a diametrical statement: the '76 war memorial against the anti-war memorial in Hamburg by Ernst Barlach from 1931 and the monuments against this " counter monument ".

  • War memorial, detail

  • Counter monument, detail

  • Deserters Monument

Dammtorwache

Dammtorwache at Dammtordamm 2

The Dammtorwache is a small building between Dammtordamm and Dag Hammarskjöld Bridge. It was built as a police station in the neo-renaissance style with columns , capitals and triangular gables in the years 1878/79 and placed under monument protection in 1972 . Today it is used gastronomically .

Dag Hammarskjold Bridge

Dag Hammarskjold Bridge

The Dag Hammarskjöld Bridge, built in 1962 (named after UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld ) , runs past the Dammtorwache . It is a pedestrian bridge with an 86-meter-long section from Dammtor train station across the former Tiergartenstrasse (now Dag-Hammarskjöld-Platz) to the entrance of the Stephansplatz underground station and from there, 77 meters, the Dammtordamm to Gustav Mahler -Park bridged. Between 1974 and 2005 one could get from here over further bridges into a small shopping arcade in the building of the DG-Bank, the former hotel and today's Casino Esplanade , and from there to the Colonnaden . In 2014, two vibration absorbers were installed in the pedestrian bridge to dampen movement, and the sidewalk was renovated in 2015.

Gustav Mahler Park with the Schiller Monument

The Gustav Mahler Park is a public park that was named in 1991 after the composer Gustav Mahler (1891-1897 first conductor at the Hamburg City Theater ). The narrow facility is part of a green corridor that stretches along the former city ​​wall from the Alster at the Lombard Bridge over Planten un Blomen to the Elbe. The park runs from Dammtordamm to the bank of the Alster along the northern border of the railway embankment. The footpath through the park was named after Hans Grahl in 2010 . Originally delimited to the south by the back gardens of the northern development of the esplanade , it is now connected to the street between the high-rise buildings that have been built. There is an underground bunker built in 1963 under the park . Hamburg's first multiplex cinema was opened on the edge of the park in autumn 1996 , on the site of the former Hofbräuhaus in Munich.

Between the cinema and the Dag Hammarskjöld pedestrian bridge, there is a memorial to Friedrich von Schiller . The memorial was donated in 1866 by the Hamburg Schiller Club and created by the two sculptors Julius Lippelt and Carl Boerner . Originally erected at Ferdinandstor / Lombard Bridge with a view of the old art gallery, the monument with the allegorical figures and the enclosure was moved here in 1958. A little further in the park is a light sculpture as a work of art in front of the Stephansplatz substation of the elevated railway, a converter plant built in 1928 by architect Karl Schneider for the direct current of the underground trains. The colored light column was created by Walter Dexel (probably 1926). There is also a bronze sculpture by Edgar Augustin , depicting two rugby players (1970) in the park.

See also

Web links

Commons : Dammtor  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c Dammtor. In: Franklin Kopitzsch , Daniel Tilgner (Hrsg.): Hamburg-Lexikon. Ellert & Richter Verlag, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8319-0373-3 , p. 158 f.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Hamburg: War memorial: Ideology from Muschelkalk. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. March 11, 2011.
  3. ↑ Werner Skrentny (Ed.): Hamburg on foot. 20 city tours. Revised edition Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-87975-619-8 , p. 50.
  4. ↑ Dagmar Burkhart: Honor. The symbolic capital. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2002, p. 104 ( books.google.de ).
  5. ↑ Hamburg Monument Debate: Memorial for deserters. In: Deutschlandradio Kultur , August 21, 2014.
  6. ↑ Memorial for deserters and other victims of Nazi military justice. (PDF) State Center for Political Education, 2015, accessed on January 25, 2017 .
  7. ^ Detlef Garbe and Kerstin Klingel: Memorials in Hamburg. A guide to places of remembrance of the years 1933 to 1945. Published by the State Center for Civic Education, p. 81; ( Gedenkstaetten-in-hamburg.de ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) PDF; 2.3 MB).
  8. ↑ Deserters Monument in Hamburg - The Contrast to Remembrance of the Warriors In: Deutschlandradio Kultur , November 11, 2015.
  9. ↑ Monument List Hamburg-Mitte, p. 276 ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  10. ↑ Monuments at the Dammtor: Sights at the Dammtor train station
  11. ↑ In memory of Dag Hammarskjöld In: Hamburger Abendblatt . July 28, 2005.
  12. ↑ a b Bridge renovation: renovation of the sidewalk on the Dag-Hammarskjöld Bridge continues , hamburg.de, May 28, 2015.
  13. ^ A b Eva Gerberding, Annette Maria Rupprecht: DuMont Reise-Taschenbuch Travel Guide Hamburg, 2016, Mair Dumont, p. 117 books.google.de
  14. ^ A b Neustadt: Gustav-Mahler-Park , hamburg.de
  15. ↑ Hamburg: Belated Twin Tower ( Memento from January 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), Hamburger Wochenblatt, December 11, 2013
  16. ↑ First CinemaxX cinema opened in Hamburg! ( Memento from January 16, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), filmmuseum-hamburg.de 10/1996.
  17. ^ Ralf Lange : Architekturführer Hamburg, Ed. Menges 1995
  18. ↑ FHH - List of recognized monuments, section FK, as of April 13, 2010 (PDF; 1.8 MB).

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 37.1 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 22.9 ″  E