Green corridor
In spatial planning and landscape planning, coherent, non-built-up areas are referred to as green corridors or smaller-scale green caesura, which are designated as a biotope network and for the structuring and permanent separation of settlement areas.
In everyday language and in open space planning , a "green corridor" is usually an elongated, undeveloped, often park-like area within the development. Green corridors can and should preferably take on one or more environmentally relevant functions, e.g. B. as a biotope , as a priority and protection area for (ground) new water formation, as an area for fresh or cold air formation or aisle, etc.
Regional green corridors
As Regional Greenways are spacious, ribbon-shaped, mainly natural open spaces in urban areas referred to in addition agricultural and forestry be used, as well as parks and sports facilities may contain. If a green corridor is planned around a settlement area, it is also called a green belt . Green corridors of this kind are intended to prevent settlement areas of individual communities or parts of the community from growing together and, as a classic instrument for securing open spaces, aim to protect open spaces across communal boundaries.
In spatial planning , a minimum width of 1,000 meters is usually set for green corridors, but this value can also be undercut if there is a high diversity of the biotope types or narrow spatial conditions.
Green corridors are generally secured as priority areas in regional planning , in exceptional cases also as reserved areas . The municipalities must orientate themselves to these determinations of the regional planning committees in the context of the weighing process in the preparation of the municipal land-use plans . By combining several open space functions , green corridors represent multifunctional priority designations compared to monofunctional priority areas.
Green caesuras
Green caesuras (also known as "separating green") may be shown as additions to green spaces. They serve to secure the recreational functions close to settlement and to structure densely packed settlement areas. As fresh air corridors and living space as well as a retreat and exchange area for plants and animals, they should be in connection with the “open landscape”.
history
The development of the green corridor planning instrument is closely linked to the idea of green belts that emerged at the end of the 19th century , which should close off an urban region from the outside, and the garden city idea by Ebenezer Howard , which envisaged the development of new settlement cores separated by agricultural areas, the ring-shaped should be arranged around a core city. Green belts were created, for example, in Vienna in 1905 ( Vienna Green Belt ) and in Berlin, where the Greater Berlin Association, which existed between 1912 and 1920, was commissioned to acquire non-building areas and secure them permanently ( permanent forest contract ).
Regional green corridors were first defined as a spatial planning instrument in the 1966 regional development plan of the Ruhr coal district settlement association . In 1978 the regional planning association Bayerischer Untermain stated in its regional plan that green corridors are part of the settlement structure. As a result, the green corridor planning instrument was integrated into the German regional planning and nature conservation laws at both federal and state level.
Examples
In the Ruhr area , the Ruhr coal district settlement association secured several “regional green corridors” running in north-south direction by purchasing and keeping land free in order to prevent the area from sprawling and the individual cities from growing together. They were legally secured in the 1966 area development plan . As part of the IBA Emscherpark , these green corridors were also networked in the east-west direction in the Emscher landscape park .
The Rhine-Main Regional Park links the Frankfurt green belt that encompasses the urban region and the linear green corridors that extend into the urban region and that are kept free from development, so that a network of development-free areas arises that structure the development, protect biotope areas and climatically important areas and use them for recreation can be.
Open space planning
Municipal green space authorities often refer to elongated, mostly undeveloped areas of much smaller dimensions as green corridors. At the municipal level, these green corridors, which are often park-like, structure the urban landscape of different widths , provide people with relaxation and improve urban hygiene.
Such communal green corridors are kept free when new settlement areas are developed or created as ecological compensation areas . Aisles created elsewhere in built-up areas can also be redesigned to green corridors (strictly speaking, green caesuras), for example routes of former or unrealized traffic routes (examples: green corridor West in Bremen or the ring track in Braunschweig) or floodplains of small bodies of water.
literature
- Klaus Dieter Bürklein: Green corridors / Green turning point . In: Concise dictionary of spatial planning. 3. Edition. Academy for spatial research and regional planning, Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-88838-507-5 , pp. 446–448.
- Rob HG Jongman: Ecological networks and greenways: concept, design, implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2004, ISBN 0-521-82776-0 .
- Austrian Institute for Spatial Planning (Ed.): Open space protection in urban regions. Austrian Conference on Spatial Planning, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-85186-067-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Green corridor and green turning point . commin.org; April 16, 2015.
- ↑ a b Klaus-Jürgen Evert: Encyclopedia: Landscape and Urban Planning . Volume 6. Verlag Birkhäuser, 2001, ISBN 3-540-67908-1 , ISBN 978-3-540-67908-0 .
- ^ A b Heidi Sinning: Communicative planning: performance and limits using the example of sustainable open space policy in urban regions . VS Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-8100-3886-5 .
- ↑ a b Siedlungsverband Ruhrkohlen District (Ed.): Area Development Plan / Siedlungsverband Ruhrkohlen District: 1966 . Illustrator. Darst. Textl. Darst. Explanatory report (= series of publications Siedlungsverband Ruhrkohlen district . No. 5 ). Deutscher Gemeindeverlag / Kohlhammer, Cologne 1967.
- ↑ Bremer Grünzug West ( memento from February 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) in the official list of parks (via pop-up menu)
- ↑ Ring track green corridor (Lower Saxony Chamber of Architects) ( Memento from July 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Ravensberger Strasse green corridor in Bielefeld