Frankfurt green belt

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Frankfurt green belt

IUCN Category V - Protected Landscape / Seascape

Map of the green belt of Frankfurt am Main

Map of the green belt of Frankfurt am Main

location Frankfurt am Main
surface 108.5 km²
Identifier 2412001
WDPA ID 378468
Sea level from 90 m to 212 m
Setup date 1991
Legal basis Landscape Protection Ordinance, Green Belt Constitution
Green belt logo

The Frankfurt green belt (different spelling of the city of Frankfurt green belt ) is a around the core city of Frankfurt extending the system of open spaces . It consists of three different landscapes, the Berger Ridge in the northeast of the city, the Niddatal along the entire course in the Frankfurt urban area in the west and north and the Frankfurt city forest in the south. The green belt covers about 8,000 hectares , which corresponds to about a third of the Frankfurt city area. The Frankfurt Green Belt was established with a constitution in 1991 as one of the first green belts in the world. He is part of the 10,850-hectare conservation area green belts and green belts in the city of Frankfurt and mostly from urban developments exception. The landscape protection area is divided into two zones that are protected from development and changes in use. Zone I includes green spaces and gardens as well as sports, leisure and recreational facilities, Zone II forest and arable land, woody plants and fallow land, meadows, as well as floodplain and wetland areas. Parts of the green belt merge seamlessly into the even larger protected and recreational area of ​​the Regional Park RheinMain . In Grüneburgpark , on Bornheimer Hang and in Ostpark as well as in the Sinai wilderness , foothills of the green belt stretch almost into the city center.

history

The Enkheimer Ried in the Bergen-Enkheim district
Riedwiese nature reserve on the border of Niederursel and Heddernheim
Renatured part of the old Bonamese airfield

The Frankfurt green belt extends to agricultural land, wetlands and forests that were spared during the expansion of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries. Until the 19th century, the built-up area of ​​the urban area was limited to the barely two square kilometers within the Frankfurt city walls . Outside the city walls was the district , a three-kilometer-wide strip of land used primarily for agriculture. It mainly consisted of gardens, orchards and vineyards , with trees and fallow land in between, such as the garlic field in the northeast of the city, where the vital sources for the city's water supply were located. The territory of the city was limited by the Frankfurter Landwehr and protected from attacks from neighboring areas. The arable land was cultivated according to a traditional land constitution , the basis of which was the medieval three-field economy . Part of the area was cultivated with summer grain, part with winter grain, while the third part lay fallow.

The Frankfurt Stadtwald , which had belonged to urban territory since 1372, stretched to the south of the city . It served mainly to supply the city with fuel and timber, but also to fatten pigs. To the east of the city was the fishing field , a marshy river valley that was flooded every spring. The whole area between the Bornheimer slope , the Berger ridge and the Main was still in the Middle Ages a floodplain landscape traversed by side arms and backwaters , which was only gradually drained. Remains of the floodplains are still present in the Seckbacher Ried and the Enkheimer Ried .

After the city walls were torn down, a park, the Frankfurter Wallanlagen , was built on the old fortifications . The development gradually expanded along the country roads that led from the former city gates to the neighboring towns. From 1839 to the 1860s, numerous railway lines were built that connected Frankfurt with the surrounding area. At the end of the 19th century, almost the entire urban area within the former Landwehr was built on, with the exception of privately owned parks, such as the Palmengarten , Grüneburgpark , Holzhausenpark and Günthersburgpark , and the main cemetery . At the same time, the former villages and small towns in the Frankfurt area grew. Between 1895 and 1910, the Frankfurt district with its 15 communities was incorporated into Frankfurt in several steps . This brought large parts of the Nidda Valley and the Berger Ridge to the urban area.

To the east and west of the old town center around the Osthafen and the Westhafen as well as in Höchst , Bockenheim , Griesheim and Fechenheim , industrial areas emerged that in turn required housing estates for industrial workers, for example in the Riederwald . The Riederbruch , a silted up arm of the Main between Osthafen and Bornheimer Hang, has been redesigned as the Ostpark recreation area .

After the First World War, despite great efforts in housing construction, there was a considerable housing shortage in the densely populated old town, which was in need of renovation . The urban planning officer Ernst May , who was influenced by the garden city movement , planned the New Frankfurt project from 1925 . Between 1926 and 1932, seven new housing estates with around 8,000 residential units were built on previous open spaces on the Nidda, on the Bornheimer Hang as well as in Sachsenhausen and Niederrad. At the same time, horticultural director Max Bromme created a system of public parks and green spaces on the outskirts of the city, which was first called the “green belt”. He expanded the urban green spaces from 200 to 450 hectares, including the Huthpark , the Lohrpark with the Lohrberger Hang vineyard , the Solmspark and the Brentanopark in Rödelheim . Since the incorporation of the western suburbs around the town of Höchst in 1928, other large green spaces in the Niddatal, Schwanheimer Unterfeld and the Schwanheimer Wald have belonged to the urban area. The course of the Nidda between Eschersheim and the estuary was regulated in 1926 and 1931 in order to reduce the risk of flooding and to be able to use the Niddatal as a recreational area and for agriculture. The previously numerous meanders resulted in oxbow lakes , while the river bed was straightened and lowered. From 1934 the route of the Reichsautobahn Frankfurt-Darmstadt, today's A5 , was built through the city forest. To the west of the motorway route, 600 hectares of urban forest were cleared for the construction of the Rhein-Main airport and airship port.

After the Second World War , numerous new settlements emerged on former agricultural areas, including the Northwest City . In 1962, the city was awarded the organization of the Federal Garden Show in 1969. She planned to expand the Niddatal into a recreational area. Because of the city's financial difficulties, the city council canceled the event in September 1965. By 1964, the airport had grown to around twice the size of the pre-war period. The planning approval procedure for the construction of the West Runway began as early as 1968 . At the same time there were plans to build a satellite town for 75,000 inhabitants on the Heiligenstock in the northeast of the city.

Since the 1970s there have been increasing protests against the unchecked use of the landscape, for example against the construction of the West Runway and the planning of the A 66 in the urban area. From the 1960s onwards, the architect and city planner Till Behrens strongly advocated a new allocation of development to open space. In 1970/71 he developed a concept for a “third green belt with the banks of the Main”. He referred to the ramparts as the first green belt and the avenue ring as the second . His concept envisaged connecting existing remaining green areas to continuous landscape strips and accompanying them on both sides with peripheral development. Its design should separate urban and rural areas. The production, ventilation and recreation areas between the “living areas”, which are maintained for agriculture, forestry and water management, were intended to ensure the existence of farmers and the taxpayers of almost free, professional maintenance of open spaces.

The Hessian state government awarded Behrens' concept in 1991 as the "overall framework concept ...". In the following years there were disputes between Behrens and the Frankfurt city administration, as the city planner accused the city of arbitrarily disposing of its intellectual property that did not belong to the green belt project office. Today, Till Behren's contribution to the development of the green belt is recognized.

Ultimately, the city of Frankfurt developed the green belt idea further and put it into practice politically. For the Federal Horticultural Show in 1989 , an area of ​​168 hectares in the Niddatal between Römerstadt, Ginnheim, Hausen and Praunheim was redesigned into the Niddatal Volkspark . Before that, around 70 percent of the predominantly agricultural area was privately owned. Because of the controversial major event, there had been local political disputes and public protests in the 1980s. At the end of the garden show, all engineering structures erected for this purpose were dismantled as planned.

On November 14, 1991, the then Environment Department Head, Tom Koenigs , obtained a unanimous resolution from the Frankfurt city council for the Green Belt constitution . The Green Belt Constitution includes, among other things, a plan with the boundaries of the green belt, a green belt charter in which the goals are set out, as well as an obligation of the magistrate to take the measures necessary to secure the green belt under public law. The green belt has therefore been protected since 1994 by a landscape protection area ordinance issued by the Darmstadt Regional Council at the request of the city. The constitution allows the city council to decide to remove parts of the GreenBelt, but only if a replacement of the same size and area is added to the total area.

Location and course

Of the approximately 8,000 hectares of Frankfurt's green belt, 50% are in forests, 20% in agricultural areas, 10% in leisure gardens and allotment gardens, 4% in public parks, 4% in sports areas, 3% in orchards and 1% in nature reserves. Around 8% are traffic areas. Around two thirds of the space is owned by the City of Frankfurt.

The landscape protection area green belt and green corridors in the city of Frankfurt am Main is divided into two zones with different protection purposes: Zone I comprises specifically usable and intended public and private green spaces, sports, leisure and recreation facilities, gardens away from home, agricultural areas, areas for the Commercial horticulture and grazing land. Their character is to be protected for the benefit of the general public and their diverse structures of use secured. Zone II comprises the areas that are to be specially protected and preserved. These include ecologically significant meadows, extensively used arable land, orchards, woody trees and fallow land, floodplain areas and wetlands, wooded areas, arable, meadow and pasture land and public green spaces.

In addition to the actual green belt, the landscape protection area also includes green corridors along the Frankfurt city limits, especially around Frankfurt am Main Airport , in Sindlingen , Zeilsheim and Unterliederbach in the west and on both sides of the A 5 in the north , in Kalbach , Nieder-Eschbach and Nieder- Erlenbach .

Niddatal

Between Berkersheim and its confluence at the Wörthspitze in the Main, the Nidda flows 18.6 kilometers through the Frankfurt city area. The course of the Nidda was regulated between 1926 and 1931 and between 1961 and 1967. Many of the severed oxbow lakes became stagnant water . Some of them are cherished by fishing clubs. Several oxbow lakes have been converted into open-air pools , where previously beach baths mostly existed. For example, the slightly curved pool of the Brentanobad - according to the city, 220 meters long and 50 meters wide, the largest swimming pool in Europe - the Eschersheim outdoor pool and the now decommissioned and renatured Höchst outdoor pool are part of the original Niddalauf. Since 1993, individual oxbow lakes have been designed to be natural again and connected to the Nidda. It is planned to demolish the Nidda weirs and replace them with so-called rough ramps and to let the oxbow lakes flow through again in order to bring the water structure closer to natural flowing waters and to make the Nidda passable for fish again.

In the Niddatal there are numerous green areas belonging to the green belt: The almost 5 hectare Harheimer Ried at the mouth of the Eschbach has been designated as a nature reserve since 2007 . Below the Eschbach estuary, in the Berkersheimer Niddabogen, the Niddalauf was renatured in 1993 by artificial floodplains, which are inundated during floods, and flow obstacles to reduce the flow speed. The Bonameser Nordpark was created in 1968 on a 7 hectare area between the old Bonameser Niddaschleife and the piercing created in 1962/63. In 2010 the oxbow was again connected to the Nidda. Below the Bonameser Niddaschleife is the 4.5 hectare old airfield . The helipad , used by the United States Army from 1951 to 1992 , was converted into a nature and recreational area in 2002/03. The newly created wetland has now been populated by over 100 species of birds and 10 species of amphibians.

Below the bridge on which the A 661 crosses the Niddatal, a remnant of the original floodplain has been preserved on the right bank. The 20.5 hectare reed meadows were placed under nature protection in 1983. On the left bank, opposite the mouth of the Urselbach , is the Eschersheim open-air swimming pool , whose 142-meter-long swimming pool was created from a former Niddaarm. Below the swimming pool, the path changes from the left, steeply sloping bank to the flat right side. Only below Eschersheim does a path on the left bank begin again. The right bank is designed as a green area that connects the Nidda with the Römerstadt settlement built in the 1920s . The port of the Roman city of Nida was once located here . The Ginnheimer Niedwiesen on the left bank used to be a wide floodplain area, criss-crossed by numerous ditches, between the Nidda and the Ginnheimer slope. After the Nidda regulation, the meadows were used as arable land.

The 168 hectare Volkspark Niddatal on the left bank between Ginnheim, Hausen and Praunheim is Frankfurt's largest park. It was created for the Federal Garden Show in 1989. In the south-east of the park, it turns into a green corridor that runs along the A 66 into the city center. At Miquel node transition in is Grüneburgpark possible. A nutria colony has settled on the right bank in a Nidda oxbow lake with the old Praunheimer Mühlengraben into which the Steinbach flows . Below Praunheim there are two more oxbow lakes on the right bank and two on the left, Hausener bank. The southern of the two oxbow lakes belongs to the Hausener Auwald bird protection tree .

A few meters south of the motorway bridges over the Nidda is the Hausen outdoor swimming pool on the left bank. Somewhat downstream, south of Ludwig-Landmann-Strasse and already on the Rödelheim district, the Brentanobad and Brentanopark follow . In the 19th century, the entire area belonged to the Frankfurt businessman Georg Brentano , who built his country estate here. In 1926, the city of Frankfurt acquired the property and had it converted into a public park. The park has some very old trees, including a common oak with a trunk circumference of almost 7 meters. On the opposite bank next to the Petrihaus stands the Goethe ginkgo , the oldest of its kind in Germany.

The Solmspark begins below the Rödelheimer weir . It was laid out as a landscape garden around Rödelheim Castle and came into the possession of the city in 1935. The remains of the neo-classical palace, which was destroyed in the air raids in 1944, were demolished in the 1950s and the park redesigned with its old trees.

South of Rödelheim, the Nidda flows almost straight for several kilometers in its bed that was straightened in the 1920s. A little off the Nidda are the Biegwald , which is also part of the green belt, and the Rebstockpark , Frankfurt's oldest airport. It is crossed by eight bridges at the Westkreuz Frankfurt below the mouth of the Westerbach . Behind it on the right bank lies the spacious Sossenheimer Unterfeld with its orchards and the two oxbow lakes Holler and Kollmann-Weiher . The 60 hectare Niedwald extends on the left bank . The 29,000 square meter Grillsche Altarm and the forest peak connected to it are still in the Niedwald, the old arms of the Kellerseck , Wiesengraben and Rondell in the broad Nieder Auen. The former Höchst weir near the Sulzbach estuary was dismantled in the course of renaturation. The Wörthspitze , an elongated peninsula in front of the mouth of the Nidda, begins a little below the Nied railway bridge . It originally formed a swampy island between the Main and the two estuary arms of the Nidda, the east of which silted up over time. Drained at the beginning of the 19th century and used for agriculture, it was converted into a park in 1930.

Berger back

From the Niddaufer in Berkersheim, the green belt runs in a south-southeast orientation through extensive arable land between the city limits near Bad Vilbel and Preungesheim to the Heiligenstock plateau . At 182 m above sea level, the Heiligenstock is the third highest point in Frankfurt. The landscape is characterized by grasslands and orchards with old pear, apple, cherry and mirabelle trees. The Heiligenstock transmitter was located here from 1924 to 1967 , and the German news agency operated the DENA transmitter further north . Remnants of the old concrete foundations are still visible in the landscape protection area.

A green corridor runs west of the Heiligenstock along the A 661 between Preungesheim and Frankfurter Berg . In the direction of Eckenheim , the green corridor extends through the Sinai wilderness to the Dornbusch district on the edge of the city center. Along the alley-like Kaiser-Sigmund-Straße you can even get to the 4-hectare Bertramswiese and the 70-hectare main cemetery , which, however, are no longer designated as part of the green belt.

South of the Heiligenstock, beyond the Friedberger Landstrasse , the flat plateau with arable land and orchards continues. The Lohrberg, 185 m above sea level, above Seckbach, drops steeply to the south and south-west. Because of its view over large parts of the city, it is considered the local mountain of Frankfurt. Part of the 18 hectare Lohrpark is the only Frankfurt vineyard on the Lohrberger slope . The 1.3 hectare vineyard , planted exclusively with Riesling, is part of the Rheingau wine-growing region .

To the west of Lohrpark between Seckbach and Friedberger Warte is the Huthpark . To the north you reach the 212 m high summit of the Berger Ridge at the Berger Warte . The area northeast of the Berger Warte has been registered as a FFH area since 2004. In the east of Bergen lies the Gisisberg, which is 202 m above sea level . The steep southern slope of the Berger Ridge, the Berger Hang , has been a 10 hectare nature reserve since 1954 and has been designated as an FFH area since 2000. It belongs to the largest contiguous orchard meadow area in Hesse. On the flowery rich meadows strictly protected plants such as the growing Military Orchid ( Orchis militaris ).

The Quellenwanderweg in Frankfurt's green belt connects the numerous bodies of water that arise on the Berger slope. The only 180 meter long Enkheimer Mühlbach has dug a 5 to 8 meter deep valley into the steep slope. In the Mühlbachtal, which has been under nature protection since 1968, the only occurrence of the giant horsetail can be found in the Rhine-Main area . At the foot of the Berger slope are the Enkheimer Ried nature reserve, the remains of a former tributary of the Main, and the Fechenheimer Wald with the state bird sanctuary .

The eastern arm of the green belt encloses the districts of Seckbach and Bergen-Enkheim . Crossed by the end of the federal autobahn 66 , it comes in Fechenheim to the Main bend , which forms the border to Offenbach am Main there . A parallel branch leads over the nature reserve Seckbacher Ried and the Riederbruch to the Bornheimer slope and the Röderberg. Below the slope is the Ostpark , a little away from the Riederwald , a 33 hectare remnant of a former alluvial forest. There is currently a 500-meter gap in the green belt between Ostpark and the Hafenpark , which opened in 2015 .

Main riverbank and city forest

On most of the over 26 kilometers of river in the city, the banks are open to the public. Only in the area of ​​the east port and the river port Gutleutstrasse on the right bank and in the industrial park Höchst on both banks are the riverside paths interrupted. The north bank with the Hafenpark, Mainkai and Untermainkai with the Nice in the inner city area is a public promenade and green area. On the south side of the Main, the entire bank from the Offenbach city limits at the Gerbermühle forms a green area that merges below the Schwanheimer Bridge into the floodplain landscape of the Schwanheimer Unterfeld . Here is the Schwanheimer Düne nature reserve , one of the largest inland dunes in Central Europe.

From Oberräder Mainufer you can go through the 130 hectare vegetable fields of Oberrad or through the Seehofpark in Sachsenhausen into the more than 50 square kilometers large Frankfurt city forest .

Green armadillo

Gernhardt ash and green armadillo stele at the Wörthspitze
The green armadillo on the Robert Gernhardt Bridge over the Nidda at the old Bonames airfield

The sympathetic figure of the green belt is the green armadillo . The Frankfurt draftsman and poet Robert Gernhardt created it in 2001 as a drawing and donated it to the Frankfurt Environment Agency to promote the green belt. Researchers named the creature dasipus franconia while Gernhardt it as in a poem of 2002 "cross between Wutz , pig and Star " characterized. The figure appears today in a variety of forms - in printed matter from the City of Frankfurt's Environment Agency, as a drawing on signposts for hiking trails and in the form of several artistic sculptures at various locations in the green belt. The green armadillo was made by the toy manufacturer Steiff in an edition recognized by Robert Gernhardt and limited to 1,500 pieces as a cuddly toy and promotional gift for the Frankfurt Environment Agency.

At the Wörthspitze , where Gernhardt claims to have seen the green armadillo for the first time, on April 1, 2001, three ash trees were planted in honor of the artist and a green-belt wooden stele with an information board was erected. A bronze sculpture of the green armadillo can be seen on the parapet of the Robert Gernhardt Bridge (see photo opposite), a pedestrian bridge over the Nidda, which connects the green belt circular path with the old Bonames airfield . Gernhardt designed the sculpture himself and was present when it was unveiled on May 1, 2006.

Funny art in the Frankfurt green belt

In addition to Robert Gernhardt, other artists from the New Frankfurt School have designed works for the Frankfurt Green Belt under the title Komische Kunst im GrünGürtel (official spelling). These include Hans Traxler with the Ich-Denkmal , FW Bernstein , Chlodwig Poth , Bernd Pfarr , Kurt Halbritter and F. K. Waechter . The latter is represented with a total of seven humorous sculptures distributed in the green belt, which were made from his drawings. The City of Frankfurt's partner in the implementation of the works is the Frankfurt Caricatura Museum for Komische Kunst .

Cycle route

An approximately 62-kilometer-long, signposted circular cycle path leads around Frankfurt through the green belt. From the Wörthspitze in Nied the path leads along the Nidda upstream to Berkersheim ( Niddaradweg ). From there it goes over the Heiligenstock, the Lohrberg and the Berger ridge slightly uphill to the highest point in Frankfurt at the Berger Warte and over the Gisisberg, past the Vilbeler Wald. Then it goes steeply down the mountain south slope through the Enkheimer and Fechenheimer forest to the banks of the Main. The cycle path continues along the Fechenheimer Mainbogen and Offenbacher Hafen to Oberrad . From Oberrad it goes south of the districts of Sachsenhausen , Niederrad and Schwanheim through the city forest to the Schwanheimer dune and from there with the Main ferry Höchst over the Main back to the starting point at the mouth of the Nidda in Nied.

Circular hiking trail

Green belt logo as a signpost for the hiking trail in Frankfurt-Rödelheim

The circular hiking route roughly follows the course of the circular cycle route. There are only major deviations between the Fechenheimer Wald and Oberrad (through the Riederwald and the Ostpark ), at the Schwanheimer dunes and at the Heiligenstock. In order to motivate people to cover the entire circular route, the environmental office of the city of Frankfurt has issued a hiking pass. There are stamping points along the entire route where the pass can be stamped and the progress of the hikers can be documented. Anyone who can present all nine stamps will receive a badge with a green belt animal on a golden background at the Citizens Advice Service as a reward. Like all other routes, the hiking trail is described in the official guide of the city of Frankfurt: Criss-cross through the Frankfurt Green Belt .

Quellenwanderweg

The Quellenwanderweg in Frankfurt's green belt is a signposted, six-kilometer-long hiking trail that leads from Seckbach in an easterly direction along the slopes of Lohrberg via Enkheimer Ried and Berger Hang to Schelmenborn in Bergen and past twenty springs.

More hiking trails in the green belt

Several more, mostly shorter (circular) hiking trails run through the green belt, which are located in the green belt area over their entire length. The majority of these hiking trails lead through the Frankfurt city forest; several of them are designed as educational trails and provided with didactic signs. These include the Schäfersteinpfad - a 13-kilometer-long historical border path in Niederrad and Sachsenhausen, the approximately 11-kilometer-long Schwanheim historical hiking trail , the Schwanheim educational forest trail, a forest damage nature trail and the approximately 5-kilometer-long Oberforsthausrundweg and the Weilruh nature trail in the Sachsenhausen district.

In addition, the green belt is crossed by the supraregional and international hiking trails Bonifatius route , Jakobsweg , Frankfurt Elisabethpfad , Hölderlinpfad and the European long-distance hiking trail E1 . The green belt circular hiking trail also has signposted crossings to the hiking route of the Rhine-Main regional park at several points .

See also

literature

Publications of the city of Frankfurt

  • City of Frankfurt am Main, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Criss-cross through the Frankfurt Green Belt. Tours, tips and topics. 2nd Edition. 2017, ISBN 978-3-86314-317-6 .
  • Institute for Urban History: Vision and Commitment. Frankfurt's green belt. 2016, ISBN 978-3-86314-343-5 .
  • City of Frankfurt am Main, Department for Environment, Health and Personnel (Ed.): 20 Years of the Green Belt Frankfurt - People, Data and Projects - 1991–2001. Festschrift. OCLC 878975611 .
  • City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency (Ed.): The Green Belt Leisure Card. 7th edition. 2011, DNB 1058848062 .
  • City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Monsterspecht and fat caterpillar - comical art in the Frankfurt green belt. Frankfurt am Main 2017.

Works by Till Behrens

  • with Jochen Rahe: The banks of the Main in Frankfurt - Museums - Green - Traffic. In: Frankfurt Forum for Urban Development. Forum publication No. VIII, January 1980, Frankfurt am Main 1980
  • Green belt . Publisher Dieter Fricke, Frankfurt am Main 1988.
  • Frankfurt Green Belt. In: garden and landscape. Issue 4/89, Munich 1989.
  • From chaos to ideal city. In: Deutsches Architektenblatt. DAB, 5/91, Berlin 1991.
  • with Lucius Burckhardt : green belt. Frankfurt am Main. Make the city habitable again. Verlag Jochen Rahe, 1992, ISBN 3-9803080-1-4 .
  • Frankfurt am Main green belt - making the city habitable again . Walldorf 1992.
  • An innovation is looted - Green Belt Riverside Concept 1969-2014. Wiesbaden 1994.

Different authors

Web links

Commons : Frankfurt Green Belt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Darmstadt Regional Council: Ordinance on the green belt and green corridors conservation area in the city of Frankfurt am Main dated May 12, 2010.
  2. ↑ a b c Green Belt Constitution of November 14, 1991
  3. ↑ Map of the landscape protection area on the website of the city of Frankfurt am Main.
  4. ↑ a b c City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Office (ed.): Stadtgewässer - discovering rivers, streams, oxbow lakes, p. 59: Altarme Nidda - history. Frankfurt 2004.
  5. ^ City Chronicle January 11, 1962 , Institute for City History
  6. ^ Frankfurt renounces the Federal Garden Show 1969 due to financial difficulties. Contemporary history in Hessen. (As of September 30, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  7. ↑ Till Behrens: From chaos to ideal city. with foreword by the Hessen Chamber of Architects. In: Deutsches Architektenblatt. DAB 5/91, 11 fig. F.
  8. ↑ City of Frankfurt am Main, Department for Environment, Health and Personnel (Ed.): 20 Years of the Green Belt Frankfurt - People, Data and Projects - 1991–2001. Festschrift. OCLC 878975611 , page 5
  9. ^ Till Behrens: Green belt - growth-oriented urban policy and connected green spaces . Frankfurt am Main 1988 - Ders .: Green belt - Frankfurt am Main - Making the city habitable again . Walldorf / Hessen 1992, p. 42.
  10. ↑ Hessian State Competition 1990,91 - “Local outskirts and local entrances” Members of the State Evaluation Commission B 2 (Distribution - VC 11 - 61 d 02-37 - 1-90), Hessian Ministry of the Interior in cooperation with: the Hessian Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Nature conservation, the Hessian Association of Cities, the Hessian Association of Municipalities and the Hessian District Association, state winner Till Behrens, Frankfurt am Main, with "green belt".
  11. ↑ City of Frankfurt am Main (ed.): 20 years of Green Belt Frankfurt, people, data and projects. Frankfurt, 2011, p. 6.
  12. ^ Frolinde Balser : From rubble to a European center: History of the city of Frankfurt am Main 1945–1989 . Ed .: Frankfurter Historical Commission (=  publications of the Frankfurter Historical Commission . Volume XX ). Jan Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-1210-1 , p. 459-460 .
  13. ^ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Criss-cross through the Frankfurt Green Belt. Cocon-Verlag, Hanau 2011, p. 271.
  14. ↑ What is the Frankfurt Green Belt? at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  15. ^ The Nidda on the website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  16. ^ Altarm Nidda I, Bonames on the website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  17. ↑ Connection of the old arms , city ​​drainage Frankfurt
  18. ^ Old airfield in Frankfurt-Bonames. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  19. ↑ Old airfield. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  20. ↑ Wooggraben and Ochsengraben. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Altarme Nidda II, Praunheim, Hausen and Rödelheim. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Altarme Nidda III, Griesheim, Sossenheim and Nied. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  23. ↑ Heiligenstock at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  24. ↑ Berger Hang nature reserve, City of Frankfurt am Main, accessed on May 13, 2020
  25. ↑ Riederwald. In: Website of the city of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved May 13, 2020 .
  26. ↑ a b c d City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency (ed.): The Green Belt Leisure Card. 7th edition. 2011.
  27. ↑ a b c City of Frankfurt am Main (Ed.): 20 years of Green Belt Frankfurt. P. 59 ff.
  28. ↑ "[...] It's worth it! Said animal is so rare / As the result of the crossing of Wuz, Molch and Star. ” - Robert Gernhardt 2002, quoted in: Monsterspecht und Dicke Raupe - Komische Kunst im Frankfurter Grüngürtel . Environment Agency of the City of Frankfurt am Main, Green Belt Project Group (ed.). Brochure 2017, p. 36.
  29. ↑ GrünGürtel-Tier at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main - article on the website of the city of Frankfurt (accessed on July 2, 2014)
  30. ↑ Green armadillo made of fabric at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main - article on the website of the city of Frankfurt (accessed on July 2, 2014)
  31. ↑ Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Monsterspecht and Dicke Raupe - comical art in the Frankfurt green belt. P. 37.
  32. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments - Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative region. (Ed .: Folkhard Cremer and Tobias Michael Wolf), 3rd edition, Munich 2008, p. 296.
  33. ↑ Komische Kunst im Grüngürtel at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main - page on the website of the city of Frankfurt with a list of all works in the series and related web links (accessed on July 2, 2014)
  34. ↑ The locations of all works in the Komische Kunst series in the GrünGürtel are shown on the city map published by the City of Frankfurt am Main's environmental agency, Die GrünGürtel Freizeitkarte . 7th edition, 2011.
  35. ^ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Criss-cross through the Frankfurt Green Belt. CoCon-Verlag, Hanau 2011.
  36. ↑ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Leaflet Der Quellenwanderweg im Frankfurter Grüngürtel. 4th edition. 2007.
  37. ↑ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency, project group GrünGürtel (Ed.): Leaflet Oberforsthaus - Rundweg im Grüngürtel Park. 1st edition. 2009.
  38. ↑ Frankfurter Elisabethpfad on ich-geh-wandern.de , with map (accessed on May 19, 2015)