Frankfurt-Eckenheim

Eckenheim 29th district of Frankfurt am Main
Coordinates	50 ° 8 '57 "  N , 8 ° 40' 50"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '57 "  N , 8 ° 40' 50"  E
surface	2.254 km²
Residents	14,392 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	6385 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	60435
prefix	069
Website	www.frankfurt.de
structure
District	10 - north-east
Townships	46 1 - Eckenheim
Transport links
Highway
Subway	U5
bus	39 34 n4
Source: Statistics currently 03/2020. Residents with main residence in Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved April 8, 2020 .

Eckenheim has been part of Frankfurt am Main since April 1, 1910 . Eckenheim today has 14,392 inhabitants.

Geographical location

In relation to the current extent of the city, Eckenheim is relatively central, about 5 km north of the city center of Frankfurt am Main, while at the time of incorporation it was on the northern edge of Frankfurt. Eckenheim is surrounded by the districts of Dornbusch , Bornheim , Frankfurter Berg , Nordend , Eschersheim and Preungesheim .

The old town center is still characterized by half-timbered houses and winding streets. Up until the beginning of the 20th century, Eckenheim was a village whose population consisted mainly of farmers and gardeners who delivered their products to Frankfurt. The village could be reached from Frankfurt via the Eckenheimer Landstrasse .

history

middle Ages

Heiligenstock from 1516

View of the tower of the cath. Sacred Heart Church

The Protestant Nazareth Church

Interior of the Nazareth Church

The oldest mention of Eckenheim comes from the year 795 and is preserved in the Lorsch Codex . Since the 9th century, the surrounding forests belonged to the Dreieich Wildbann  - an area initially reserved for royal hunting. The (predominantly) north Main part of this wild ban formed the court and later the Bornheimerberg office . In 1294, goods belonging to the Falkenstein family in Eckenheim are mentioned that come from the Munzenberg inheritance and originally belonged to the Hagen-Munzenberg family. Other landowners in the village were the Fulda Abbey and Helmarshausen Abbey , the Teutonic Order House in Sachsenhausen and the Lords of Eppstein . In 1252 King Wilhelm gave the Teutonic Order in Sachsenhausen the right of patronage for the church in Eckenheim. This is the first time that a church is occupied there. The church was a branch church of Preungesheim .

In 1320 King Ludwig IV pledged the Bornheimerberg to Ulrich II von Hanau . In 1336, the emperor then allowed the city of Frankfurt to redeem the Bornheimerberg in its place of Hanau. In 1351, however, Emperor Charles IV renewed the pledge for Hanau. In 1434 Count Reinhard II von Hanau was enfeoffed with the Bornheimerberg by Emperor Sigismund . When the County of Hanau was divided in 1458, the Bornheimerberg became part of the County of Hanau-Münzenberg .

The contradicting behavior of the Reich naturally led to a dispute between Frankfurt and Hanau, especially since Frankfurt saw itself "surrounded" by Hanau territory. All attempts by Frankfurt to prevent this failed. Although Frankfurt's claims to the office's nineteen villages were upheld by the Reichsgericht after a process that lasted over a hundred years, neither Frankfurt nor the Reich had the power to enforce the verdict. The city of Frankfurt finally agreed to a settlement in 1481: Hanau waived all claims to the villages of Bornheim , Hausen and Oberrad in favor of Frankfurt and received the Bornheimerberg office exclusively. With this, Eckenheim finally became Hanau.

Historical forms of names

• Eccinheim (795)
• Hecgenheim (9th century)
• Aeckenheim (around 1090)
• Egenheim (1252)
• Ekinheim (1287)
• Eckinheym (1292)
• Eckenheim (1294)

Modern times

In the middle of the 16th century, the Reformation took hold in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, initially in its Lutheran form. In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of his Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign, to determine the denomination of his subjects, and made this largely binding for the county.

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736, Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and thus also the Bornheimerberg and Eckenheim on the basis of an inheritance contract from 1643.

During the Napoleonic period, Eckenheim was under French military administration from 1806, 1807-1810 belonged to the Principality of Hanau, Office Bergen , and then from 1810 to 1813 to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Department Hanau . Then it fell back to Hessen-Kassel, now called " Electorate of Hesse ". A fundamental administrative reform took place here in 1821: The Bornheimerberg was added to the newly formed Hanau district. The Evangelical Nazareth Church was built in 1863 and the Roman Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus from 1896 to 1899. After the war of 1866 , Kurhessen was on the losing side and was annexed by Prussia . Here it belonged to the Wiesbaden administrative district of the Hesse-Nassau province and from 1886 to the Frankfurt district .

Since the community had no industry and was indebted, in April 1900 it asked the Frankfurt magistrate to incorporate it. Ten years later the Prussian state parliament passed a law to dissolve the Frankfurt district. Eckenheim and eleven other communities became districts of Frankfurt on April 1, 1910.

In the years that followed, the city ensured the construction of a modern infrastructure with water pipes, sewers , gas lighting for the streets and electrification . The tram on Eckenheimer Landstrasse was extended to Schwabstrasse on the southern edge of the village, where the Eckenheimer Depot was also built.

After the Second World War , the construction of housing estates along the Marbachweg in the south and on Sigmund-Freud-Straße in the north of Eckenheim ensured rapid population growth. In 1946, parts of Eckenheim were cut off to form the new Dornbusch district .

To this day, Eckenheim is mainly characterized by residential areas and small businesses. The extension of the district is very limited by the federal motorway 661 to Bad Homburg vor der Höhe and the feeders leading to it.

Population development

• 1634: 24 households
• 1753: 44 households with 207 people
• 1834: 370 inhabitants
• 1840: 413 inhabitants
• 1846: 465 inhabitants
• 1852: 481 inhabitants
• 1858: 520 inhabitants
• 1864: 610 inhabitants
• 1871: 807 inhabitants
• 1875: 1,008 inhabitants
• 1885: 1,364 inhabitants
• 1895: 1,954 inhabitants
• 1905: 3,041 inhabitants
• 1910: 3,445 inhabitants
• 1925: 5,858 inhabitants

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : "In green, a golden mark made of a rafter head with a raised circular base."

The coat of arms was proposed in 1956. The symbol was used in the municipal area in the 14th or 15th century on landmarks; its meaning is not known.

Culture and sights

Interior of the Sacred Heart Church

For the cultural monuments of the district see the list of cultural monuments in Frankfurt-Eckenheim .

The most important sights are the renovated half-timbered houses and the two churches in Eckenheim. The younger of the two is the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Church , built by Max Meckel from 1896 to 1899 , of which only the 56 meter high tower, the cornerstone of Eckenheim, still stands. In 1961 a larger new building was erected in place of the old nave. Since this is again too big today and, on top of that, in need of renovation, according to a decision by the Diocese of Limburg it is to be demolished shortly and replaced by another new building. A little further north is the Protestant Nazareth Church , a simple brick building from 1863.

The cultural life is characterized by over 20 clubs , including the two carnival clubs Die Fidelen Eckenheimer and Die Krätscher, as well as the Eintracht fan club Schwarz-Weiß Eckenheim, and several sports clubs . The Historic Tramway Association of the City of Frankfurt am Main (HSF) has its headquarters in the Eckenheimer Depot and , among other activities, also operates the Transport Museum in Schwanheim .

Emergency and rescue center

The fire protection, disaster control and rescue service center (BKRZ) of the Frankfurt am Main fire brigade has been located in Eckenheim since 2003 . The modern purpose-built building is at the Marbachweg / Feuerwehrstrasse intersection on the site of the former Gibbs barracks of the American armed forces. The new operations control center for the fire brigade , rescue service and emergency medical service was put into operation in 2005.

The Consulate General of the United States of America has been located in the former General Hospital of the US Army near the Friedberger Warte in the Eckenheim area since October 2005 . For the move from the old location in Westend to the easily visible site, strategic considerations after the events of September 11, 2001 were also decisive for the spatial expansion. It is the largest US consulate in the world.

Transport links

Crossing Gießener Straße and Marbachweg

On the road side, Eckenheim is connected to the federal motorway 661 and in public transport through the city ​​bus routes 34 and 39, as well as the night bus route N4.

On the rail corner home is by the metro - U5 with the center of Frankfurt and the central station , respectively.

schools

The first school in Eckenheim was established in 1496. To commemorate the rulers of the time, the Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg, the Eckenheim school was named the Münzenberg School in 1882 . It moved into its current building in Engelthalerstraße in 1963. The Münzenberg School is a primary school where around 400 students are taught by 34 teachers.

The Munzenberg School has been suffering from the dilapidated structure for years. Some rooms have not been usable for years. Necessary containers are not erected.

literature

• Hans-Jürgen Becker: The court Bornheimer Berg . In: Tradition, Preservation and Design in Legal History Research. 1993, pp. 1-21.
• HO Keunecke: Die Münzenberger = sources and research on Hessian history 35. 1978, p. 283.
• Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hesse-Nassau area = writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16. 1937. ND 1984, p. 74.
• Anette Löffler: The Lords and Counts of Falkenstein (Taunus): Studies on territorial and property history, on imperial political position and on the genealogy of a leading ministerial family; 1255-1418. Vol. 1. Darmstadt 1994 = sources and research on Hessian history 99, p. 263f. ISBN 3-88443-188-9
• Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen . Marburg 1926, p. 102.
• Reiner Seubert: Eckenheim. First courtyard, then 1000 years of village, suburb and finally a district of Frankfurt . 1981.
• Heinz Schomann u. a .: Monument topography city of Frankfurt am Main . Braunschweig 1986, pp. 482-487.
• Fred Schwind : The "Grafschaft" Bornheimer Berg and the royal people of the Frankfurt Treasury. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. 14, pp. 1-21 (1964).

Web links

Commons : Frankfurt-Eckenheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• My district - my home on YouTube
• "Eckenheim, City of Frankfurt am Main". Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
• Literature on Frankfurt-Eckenheim in the Hessian Bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lorscher Codex , Vol. 3, No. 3400.
2. ↑ Eckenheim. Heraldry of the World, accessed on November 7, 2012 (English, source given there: Hessisches Wappenbuch, 1956). 
3. ↑ fr.de accessed on Nov. 2, 29
4. ↑ muenzenbergerschule.de accessed on Nov. 2, 19