Wildbann Dreieich

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The northern part of Dreieich on an engraving by Matthäus Merian

The Wildbann Dreieich was a medieval wildbann in Maingau .

Geographical location

The plain between the Rhine and Main was a dense forest area in the Middle Ages . The parts between the Falzes Trebur and Frankfurt , the Reichsbannforst, were imperial property over which the Frankish kings had at their disposal. According to the wisdom of 1338, the game ban extended from the left bank of the Main to beyond Darmstadt and from the right bank of the Main along the Nidda to Bonames and on to Aschaffenburg . Southeast of the Dreieich, between the Welzbach (Pflaumbach) near Großostheim and the Laudenbach , the wild spell of the Breuberg dominion, which was dependent on the Fulda monastery , extended .

history

In the Wildbann Dreieich, an imperial forest, a royal hunting farm was built around 950, which later became Hayn Castle in Dreyeich . A Reichsministerialer Eberhard was named as the first Vogt of the Wildbannes in 1078. Since then he and his family have called themselves "von Hagen". The imperial property passed over the centuries to territorial lords. The special royal hunting rights in the Dreieich Wildbann continued to exist in the following centuries. Until the beginning of the 19th century, the core of the old wilderness was preserved, which had come to the Lords of Hagen-Münzenberg .

With the death of the last Lord of Munzenberg, Ulrich II von Munzenberg , in 1255, one sixth of this part was inherited as an allod to the Hanau rulership , later the county of Hanau , then the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg , and five-sixths to Falkenstein ( Munzenberg inheritance ). These later came into the hands of the von Sayn family and were sold to Isenburg in 1486 . The Hanau sixth was exchanged with Isenburg for a third from Dudenhofen in 1701 , so that the Wildbann then belonged entirely to Isenburg. Count Heinrich from the Isenburg-Ronneburg line sold the western part, the Langen office, to Hessen-Darmstadt in 1601 . The eastern part, Offenbach, remained with the Birstein line and its later branch lines Isenburg-Offenbach and Isenburg-Philippseich .

Legal relationships of the wild bans were recorded in a wild banned manner. This was written down on May 7, 1338 at the instigation of Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian at the May court in Langen. There it says among other things:

If an emperor in the Dreieich forest wants to bark,
he should ride into the forester's house in the grove,
there he should find a white bracken with striped ears
on his silk cord, and with him he should track down the wild.
If the hunt
ends when the sun is shining, he should answer the dog back again when the sun is shining;
if not, he may do the same the next day.

According to tradition, should this white cloth have been bred in the castle and dressed.

It also says in wisdom:

Nobody should hunt in the wild
spell except an emperor and a Vogt von Minzenberg,
and whoever else hunts has lost a hand
and the forester should judge him.
When the emperor comes to a wild boar
and wants to rest and eat in his courtyard
, he ought to be given wheat straw,
and if he goes away he ought to leave enough
behind for him
that he and his servants can live on it for eight days.

If you were caught “burning a tree”, “the forester should tie your hands behind your back, tie your feet together and hit a stake between your legs. And a fire is to be made at his feet, and it is to burn until the soles of his feet burn up and not his shoes. "

The last parts of the original Wildbann remaining to the Reich were sold to the city of Frankfurt in 1372 and formed the origin of today's city ​​forest . In 1556 the May court was moved from Langen to Dreieichenhain .

Legal relationships

Dreieichenhain castle ruins today

The administrative center of the wild bans was Hayn Castle in the Dreyeich in today's Dreieichenhain . The Reichs Vogt resided there . The first bailiff of the Dreieich was Eberhard von Hagen, a close confidante of Emperor Heinrich IV. The bailiff held a court in Langen once a year during the month of May - the Maige ding .

From the late Middle Ages onwards, Hanau was entitled to one sixth of the income due to its co-ownership, but it did not have jurisdiction over the courts. The Wildbann Dreieich was part of the Babenhausen rule on the Hanau side, but not part of the Babenhausen office of Hanau .

The right to hunt in the wild could be bought. Up until 1832 "wild money" had to be paid for this. The hunters of Bieber Mark paid the sum on Sunday after Corpus Christi in Mühlheim .

Wildhuben

To protect forest and game , 30 game halls were set up within the game reserve :

The owners of these Wildhuben were called Huebner . They had the right to get the economic benefit from the forest. The Wildhuben were given as a fief and were hereditary.

literature

  • Friedrich Battenberg : Solms documents . 5 vol., Darmstadt 1986.
  • Friedrich Carl von Buri : Asserted prerogatives of the old royal ban forests, or execution of those sovereign and righteousnesses adhering to the royal forest and wild ban to the Drey-Eich ... together with a record and record book . Buedingen 1742.
  • Friedrich Carl von Buri: Drey-Eichisches Beweiß- und Urkundenbuch, in which each and every one of the attachments attached to the Drey-Eich as described above . Offenbach 1744.
  • Dreieichenhain, castle and town in the past and present . o. O., o. J.
  • Regenerus Engelhard: Description of the earth of the Hessian Lands Casselischen Antheiles with notes from history and from documents explained . Part 2. Cassel 1778, ND 2004, p. 822ff.
  • Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): Historical municipality directory for Hesse, volume 2: Area changes of the Hessian municipalities and districts from 1834 to 1967 . Wiesbaden undated, pp. 35, 36.
  • Günter Hoch: Territorial history of the eastern Dreieich . Marburg 1953, p. 119; Cape. 8th.
  • Hans-Otto Keunecke: The Munzenberger = sources and research on Hessian history 35 (1978).
  • Hans-Otto Keuneke / Schwenk, Siegrid: The Dreieich wilderness ban of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria . In: Archive for Hessian History and Archeology, NF, Volume 37, 1979, pp. 33-78.
  • Alfred Kurt: Stadt + Kreis Offenbach in history . Bintz-Verlag 1998. ISBN 3-87079-009-1
  • Kurtze documented demonstration that the clock-old imperial and royal forest to Drey-Eichen, the inseparably linked Wildbanns authorities, also extend beyond the Franckfurth forests and fields, and that from the town of Franckfurth from Seculis to here it is often and varied - and was therefore confessed to a highly praised king. and of the Reichs Cammer -gericht recently per mera falsa narrata against the high-counts Hauß Ysenburg both lawsuits, both citationis ad reassumendum & c. be very diligent gratifications . Offenbach undated [after 1727].
  • Anette Löffler: The Lords and Counts of Falkenstein (Taunus) = sources and research on Hessian history 99. Darmstadt and Marburg 1994, vol. 1, p. 255ff.
  • Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place name book . 1st volume (Starkenburg). Darmstadt 1937.
  • Otto Ruppersberg: The Dreieich . In: Around Frankfurt, 1924, pp. 83–110.
  • Regina Schäfer: The Lords of Eppstein = Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 2000, pp. 92f, 173, 334, 381, 384, 438.
  • F. Scharff: The law in the Dreieich with special consideration of the Frankfurt city forest and the surrounding villages . Frankfurt 1868.
  • Karl Schumacher : Settlement and cultural history of the Rhineland from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages . III. Volume: The Merovingian and Carolingian times, pp. 206–208 u. Plate 8. Mainz 1925.
  • Thomas Steinmetz: The southwestern tip of the Dreieich wilderness in the Odenwald - A contribution to the history of the upper Modautal and Nieder-Modau Castle , In: “Der Odenwald”, magazine of the Breuberg-Bund, 2014, issue 2, pp. 43-62

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günther Hoch: Territorial history of the eastern Dreieich. In: The Odenwald - local history journal of the Breuberg Association. No. 1, 1955, pp. 17-19.
  2. ↑ Adolf Müller, Dr. phil: From the domestic judiciary in the Middle Ages. In: Neutsch im Odenwald. 1956, pp. 29-36.
  3. ^ Karl Nahrgang: The southern border of the Wildbanns Dreieich. In: The Odenwald. Journal of the Breuberg-Bund, 1958, issue 1, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Hartmut Lischewski: Comments on the localization of Drostbrücke and Ramisberg on the southern border of the Dreieich Wildbann. In: On the history of the town and church of Ober-Ramstadt in the early and late Middle Ages. 1969.
  5. ↑ Gertrud Großkopf: The southern border of the Dreieich Wildbanns and the Wildhube to Nieder-Klingen. In: The Odenwald. Journal of the Breuberg-Bund, 1987, issue 2, p. 39.
  6. ↑ Thomas Steinmetz: The southwestern tip of the Dreieich Wildbann in the Odenwald - a contribution to the history of the upper Modau valley and Nieder-Modau Castle. In: Der Odenwald , Zeitschrift des Breuberg-Bund, 2014, No. 2, pp. 43–62
  7. ^ Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau . In: Knights, Counts and Princes - Secular Dominions in the Hessian Area approx. 900–1806 = Handbook of Hessian History 3 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 63. Marburg 2014. ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , p. 210 .
  8. ↑ printed in Jakob Grimm: Weistümer, 7 Bde. , Göttingen 1840, p. 498ff (published on Google books: [1] )
  9. ^ Heinrich Tischner: Wisdom of the May court of the wild ban in the Dreieich
  10. ↑ cf. Gernot Schmidt: Dreieichenhain in Hanne Kulessa: Dreieich - Eine Stadt , 1989, Verlag Waldemar Kramer, ISBN 3-7829-0377-3 , p. 37
  11. ↑ a b cf. Gernot Schmidt, p. 39