Mühlheim am Main
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Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ′ N , 8 ° 50 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Hesse | |
| Administrative region : | Darmstadt | |
| County : | Offenbach | |
| Height : | 103 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 20.67 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 28,652 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 1386 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 63165 | |
| Area code : | 06108 | |
| License plate : | OF | |
| Community key : | 06 4 38 008 | |
| LOCODE : | DE MLM | |
| City structure: | 3 districts | |
City administration address : |
Friedensstrasse 20 63165 Mühlheim am Main |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Daniel Tybussek ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the city of Mühlheim am Main in the Offenbach district | ||
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Mühlheim am Main is a town with around 28,200 inhabitants on the left bank of the Main in the Offenbach district in Hesse . The urban area has a size of 20.67 km² (with district boundaries).
geography
Geographical location
The city is one of 13 cities and municipalities in the Offenbach district. It is located in the Rhine-Main area south of the Main between Offenbach am Main and Hanau in the historic Maingau region . The Bieber flows into the Mühlheim district in the Rodau and this then into the Main.
The village of Meielsheim used to exist on the Mühlheim district , today it is a desert .
Neighboring communities
Mühlheim borders in the north, along the Main, on the city of Maintal ( Main-Kinzig-Kreis ), in the east on the city of Hanau (Main-Kinzig-Kreis), in the south on the city of Obertshausen ( Offenbach district ) and in the west on the City of Offenbach .
City structure
Mühlheim am Main consists of the districts of Mühlheim, Dietesheim and Lämmerspiel . In addition to the old and inner city, the district of Mühlheim also includes the Markwald and Rote Warte residential areas.
Surname
The name Mühlheim goes back to the ten water mills that used to stand on the banks of the Rodau and Bieber streams . Today, the bridge mill is still a museum in operation. This can be viewed every year on Whit Monday on the occasion of the German Milling Day . Other mills have been preserved as historic buildings, but are no longer operational.
history
middle Ages
In 815, Emperor Ludwig the Pious gave Unter mühlheim together with Ober mühlheim (today's Seligenstadt ) to Einhard , then located in Maingau in Franconia . Mühlheim and the formerly independent villages Dietesheim and Lämmerspiel belonged to the Biebermark , the surrounding forests belonged to the Dreieich Wildbann .
In the Middle Ages , the Mühlheim church was the mother church for the surrounding towns of Bürgel , Offenbach , Bieber , Heusenstamm , Dietesheim and Lämmerspiel for a long time . The spiritual court for the branch communities belonging to the mother church also met in Mühlheim at that time.
Mühlheim was in the office of Steinheim , which initially belonged to the Lords of Eppstein and, from 1371, half as pledge to the Counts of Katzenelnbogen and half of the Lords of Hanau . In 1393 the pledge came to the Lords of Kronberg . In 1425 Gottfried von Eppstein sold the Steinheim office to the Electorate of Mainz .
Modern times
In the years 1631–1634, during the Thirty Years War , King Gustav II Adolf confiscated the office as spoils of war and endowed the later Hanau Counts Heinrich Ludwig von Hanau-Münzenberg (1609–1632) and Jakob Johann von Hanau-Münzenberg (1612–1636) ) who were allied with him. Since both counts died soon and the Peace of Westphalia changed to the normal year 1624, Mühlheim came back to Kurmainz, where it remained until 1803 when it fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , later the Grand Duchy of Hesse , in the course of secularization .
In 1819 Mühlheim received today's Markwald after the Biebermark was divided . In 1873 Mühlheim got a train station on the then newly opened line of the Frankfurt-Bebraer railway (see the Hanau – Frankfurt line ).
Mühlheim had a Jewish community that was destroyed by the terror of the National Socialists .
Mühlheim has had city rights since April 1, 1939, when the rural community of Mühlheim and the village of Dietesheim were forcibly united to form the city of Mühlheim am Main as part of the National Socialist administrative reform . Since 1949 Mühlheim am Main has been the seat of the Hessian Association of Towns and Municipalities (formerly the Hessian Municipal Association).
Incorporations
On January 1, 1977, as part of the regional reform in Hesse, the previously independent municipality of Lämmerspiel was incorporated by law . Local districts were not formed in the city of Mühlheim am Main.
Population development
- 1998 - 26,124
- 1999 - 26,210
- 2000 - 26,082
- 2001 - 26,210
- 2002 - 26,396
- 2003 - 26,436
- 2004 - 26,557
- 2005 - 26,582
- 2006 - 26,625
- 2007 - 26,665
- 2008 - 26,708
- 2012 - 27,206
- 2014 - 27,753
- 2015 - 28,170
- 2016 - 29,999
(as of December 31st)
politics
City Council
The city council is the highest body of the city. Its political composition is determined every five years in local elections by the city's electorate. Whoever has reached the age of 18 and is a German citizen within the meaning of the Basic Law or a citizen of one of the other member states of the European Union may vote. Everyone has to have been registered in the city for at least three months.
The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:
| Nominations | SPD | CDU | Citizen b | Green | FDP | FWG | Distribution of votes | |
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| 2016 | Voting share a | 39.4 | 26.5 | 23.4 | 10.6 |
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| Seats (of 45) | 18th | 12 | 10 | 5 | ||||
| 2011 | Voting share a | 41.3 | 30.7 | 12.0 | 13.7 | 2.4 |
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| Seats (of 45) | 19th | 14th | 5 | 6th | 1 | |||
| 2006 | Voting share a | 40.2 | 37.4 | 10.7 | 8.0 | 3.6 |
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| Seats (of 45) | 18th | 17th | 5 | 3 | 2 | |||
| 2001 i | Voting share a | 39.4 | 40.4 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
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| Seats (of 45) | 18th | 18th | 4th | 4th | 1 | |||
| 1997 | Voting share a | 46.2 | 28.4 | 12.6 | 8.0 | 1.6 | 3.3 |
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| Seats (of 45) | 22nd | 13 | 6th | 4th | ||||
| SPD | CDU | Citizen | Green | FDP | FWG | Distribution of votes | ||
45 city councilors were to be elected for the legislative period from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2021. Of the 21,775 eligible voters, 9,855 voted. As a result, the turnout increased from 44.0% in 2011 to 45.3% in 2016.
Mayor since 1945
- Since 2011: Daniel Tybussek (SPD)
- 1999–2011: Bernd Müller (CDU)
- 1992–1999: Karl-Christian Schelzke (SPD)
- 1963–1992: Werner Grasmück (SPD)
- 1945–1963: Anton Dey (SPD)
badges and flags
coat of arms
Blazon : "In blue a silver mill wheel, above three four-petalled silver flowers with golden lugs."
The city of Mühlheim am Main approved the use of a coat of arms on November 19, 1948 by the Hessian Minister of the Interior . It was designed by the heraldist Georg Massoth.
The mill wheel refers to the history of the city with up to ten mills and is a talking symbol. The three flowers should symbolize the first farmsteads and the blue background reminds of the location on the water
flag
The flag was approved by the Hessian Interior Minister on August 2, 1951 and is described as follows:
"The city coat of arms on the widened, white central panel of the red-white-red flag cloth."
flag
In August 1951 the city of Mühlheim am Main was granted the right to fly a flag by the Hessian State Ministry.
Town twinning
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Saint-Priest (France, since 1966) -
Tiefenort (Thuringia, since 1990)
A triangular partnership has existed since 2009 between Mühlheim am Main, Saint-Priest and Nouna ( Burkina Faso , West Africa).
Culture and sights
theatre
Since 1976 Gerda's small world stage travesty show theater , four times a week.
In the Kulturhalle Schanz , the converted, former apprentice workshop of the Stahl-Schanz company, the association Kulturfabrik EigenArt has been organizing weekly theater, cabaret and music events since 1998.
Museums
Mühlheim has its own city museum. There are also private collections, including a museum belonging to the Mühlheim entrepreneur Hans-Günter Zach, which shows an interesting combination of cabinets from the Baroque to Biedermeier periods and a large number of classic Rolls-Royce vehicles. (Viewing on request, for a donation for social purposes)
Buildings
The Mühlheim water tower, a historic basalt structure near the Mühlheim train station, is a landmark of the city of Mühlheim that can be seen from afar and is still in operation today.
Natural monuments
The nature reserve Dietesheimer Steinbrüche represents a natural backdrop that is unique in the Rhine-Main area. It concerns the former basalt quarries in the Dietesheim district, which were renatured after the abandonment of basalt mining and made accessible to the public. The basalt slopes on Lake Vogelsberg are particularly impressive.
ways
The Hessian apple wine and orchard route , like the Main Cycle Path, leads through Mühlheim am Main. A mill hiking trail also leads along Bieber and Rodau.
Sports
In addition to various sports facilities for ball sports, there is an indoor and an outdoor pool in the Lämmerspiel district. The Mühlheim rowing club can be found on the Main, whose members also take part in rowing regattas and hiking trips. There are also opportunities to practice shooting in the Mühlheim-Dietesheim Shooting Association according to the rules of the German Shooting Federation, as well as in departments according to the rules of the Federation of German Sport Shooting and the German Shooting Union. There are also several tennis, table tennis and football clubs in Dietesheim, Mühlheim and Lämmerspiel, including SpVgg Dietesheim and Kickers Viktoria Mühlheim .
Regular events
The carnival parades through the districts of Dietesheim and Mühlheim on Shrove Monday and Lammerspiel on Shrove Tuesday attract a large number of visitors from all over the region every year. At the end of July, the Artificial Family e. V. organizes a popular music festival in the former quarries, the quarry festival. The curb in the Dietesheim district, which takes place every year on the weekend after August 15th, is popular and well attended throughout the region. The old town festival and the Christmas market in the Mühlheim district are also popular.
In June, the Mühlheim-Dietesheim 1951 eV shooting association organizes its company and club cup shooting. All Mühlheim clubs (around 180) and companies, as well as groups, are entitled to start here.
Since 1972, the Dietesheim gymnastics community has held its international fun run (half marathon and 10 km) on a wooded route through the local recreation area of Mühlheim on the first Sunday in September.
religion
Catholic : As an Electoral Mainz property, Mühlheim was purely Catholic for a long time. The two parishes of St. Maximilian Kolbe and St. Markus as well as the parishes in the districts belong tothe diocese of Mainz as part of the Rodgau deanery .
Evangelical (regional church) : The Evangelical PeaceCommunityand Dietrich Bonhoeffer Community are part of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .
Evangelical (free church) : Adventist community Mühlheim and Evangelical Methodist church community.
Others : The Jehovah's Witnesses have a Kingdom Hall in Mühlheim . Also Muslims are represented in Mühlheim, mainly immigrants from Turkey and their descendants. Mosques are located in the neighboring communities of Maintal and Offenbach .
According to the 2011 census , 38.3% of the Mühlheim population were Catholic, 21.9% Protestant and 3.6% Orthodox Christians , 4.3% belonged to other and 30.5% did not belong to any religious community under public law (this also includes Muslims) .
Economy and Infrastructure
Until the late 1970s, Mühlheim was an important industrial location in the Offenbach district. Basalt production in the Dietesheim quarries , the chemical industry (Leonhardt paintworks and rubber processing), gravel works, leather processing industry, and the metal and electrical industry were particularly important economic factors.
Since the late 1970s, a wide range of medium-sized companies has been established in Mühlheim, large industrial companies are hardly to be found in Mühlheim today.
traffic
Like many communities in the Offenbach district, Mühlheim is also affected by high traffic loads and corresponding noise pollution. Due to its location between Offenbach and Hanau, there is a high traffic load on federal highway 43 . The busy Hanau – Frankfurt line runs largely parallel to this federal highway . In addition, Mühlheim is located directly in the approach lane ( turning area ) of Frankfurt Airport .
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Since 1995, Mühlheim has had two S-Bahn stations on the Hanau – Frankfurt line : a stop in Mühlheim (Main) and the Mühlheim (Main) -Dietesheim stop . The two stations are served by the Wiesbaden – Frankfurt (Main) –Hanau S-Bahn (lines S 8 / S 9) , which means downtown Offenbach (Main) in 5 minutes, downtown Frankfurt (Main) in 20 minutes and Frankfurt Airport can be reached in 35 minutes. When the S-Bahn went into operation, a city bus network was set up, which primarily connects the Lämmerspiel district to local public transport. Stadtwerke Mühlheim am Main GmbH is the operator of the city bus .
In addition, the Offenbach bus line 120 goes to and through Mühlheim.
education
There are the following public schools in Mühlheim:
- Friedrich-Ebert -Gymnasium (Mühlheim)
- Friedrich-Ebert-Schule (secondary and secondary school, Mühlheim)
- Goetheschule (elementary school with advanced level, Mühlheim)
- Markwaldschule (elementary school, Markwald settlement)
- Rote-Warte-Schule (primary school, Rote Warte settlement)
- Brothers Grimm School (primary school, Lammerspiel)
- Geschwister-Scholl-Schule (elementary school, Dietesheim)
- Montessori School Mühlheim (comprehensive school class 1-10, south of the station.) - 2006 from a free education authorities established
Furthermore, there is a branch of the Hessian University for Police and Administration (formerly the Administrative College ) and the service dog department of the Hessian Police Academy in Mühlheim am Main.
Finally, there is also an adult education center and a music school in Mühlheim.
media
The Offenbach-Post daily is one of the local media . In addition to the daily press, the local newspaper for Mühlheim, Dietesheim and Lämmerspiel is published monthly with reports on people and events. There are also several advertising papers. The weekly papers Dreieich-Zeitung and Stadtpost Mühlheim report in detail about Mühlheim . Mühlheim is reported less frequently in the local sections of the Frankfurter Rundschau . In the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , on the other hand, you can often find reports about Mühlheim in its own Rhein-Main-Zeitung .
natural reserve
The nature reserve Mayengewann von Lämmerspiel (NSG identification 1438009) is located on the eastern outskirts of the Mühlheim district of Lämmerspiel and includes around 6.69 hectares of forest and meadow. Species-rich oak forest and adjacent meadows with alternating moisture characterize the NSG Mayengewann by Lammerspiel. It bears the FFH designation 5819-301 Mayengewann von Lämmerspiel (FFH area) and is under special protection as a Natura 2000 area.
The purpose of the NSG designation is to protect the area with its rare plant species from interference. The aim of the protection is to preserve the species-rich oak forest with the surrounding grassland areas, which clearly stand out from the other cultivated areas. The main protective purpose of the extensively used meadows is their importance as a habitat for a large number of rare and endangered animal and plant species.
The Oberwaldsee nature reserve in Dietesheim (NSG identification 1438015) is located southeast of the Mühlheim district of Dietesheim on the Steinheimer Terrasse in the Untermainebene natural area and includes around 33.48 hectares of forest and meadow.
Because of its structure, the geological conditions and the natural beauty of the landscape, the nature reserve is unique in the southern Hesse region.
The purpose of the NSG designation is to secure and develop the area as a habitat for endangered plant and animal species, especially birds and amphibians. The biotope mapping carried out in 1985 showed that it was worth protecting as a nature reserve for geological, aesthetic, zoological and botanical reasons. In addition to the ecological value of the area, significant disturbances due to illegal recreational use and reforestation of the existing sandy grasslands were named as protection grounds. At the same time, the future prevention of these impairments and the withdrawal of the measures implemented were demanded.
Notable bird species in the forest part of the NSG include black kite , wryneck , small woodpecker, green and black woodpecker, red-backed kite and oriole . The shores of the lake use minke and grebes and tufted duck , breeding ground. The dry grasslands are populated by a multitude of heat-loving butterflies and wild bees. The rust-brown ox-eye ( Pyronia tithonus ) is common locally . This species can only be found in a few dry and warm places in the Rhine-Main area.
Personalities
The composer Paul Hindemith attended a music school in Mühlheim during five years of his childhood. Here he learned to play the violin from sheet music. Napoléon Bonaparte is also said to have stayed overnight in Mühlheim during a campaign. The television journalist Karl-Heinz Stier , the Hessian Minister for Federal and European Affairs a. D., Volker Hoff , as well as the draftsman Klaus Puth . Egon Schmitt a former German soccer player was born in Mühlheim am Main, as was the sculptor Nicolaus Wendelin Schmidt . Hans-Georg-Klauer (1936–2007), long-time drummer in the Barrelhouse Jazz Band , also lived in Mühlheim am Main and was a city councilor there.
sons and daughters of the town
- Adolf Adam (1912–2005), prelate, pastoral theologian and liturgical scholar
- Peter Drey (1824–1894), German lithographer
- Carola Ensslen (* 1961), politician (Die Linke)
- Reinhold Hammerstein (1915–2010), born in Lämmerspiel, musicologist
Honorary citizen
- Bruno Polga, former mayor of the French twin town Saint-Priest
- Walter Schmitt (1918–2007), District Administrator of the Offenbach district
- Horst Lehr, First City Councilor a. D. (SPD)
- Elisabeth Gilmer-Kaiser, retired city councilor D. (SPD)
- Anton Dey (1892–1973), Mayor 1945–1963, President of the Hessian Municipal Council
- Reinhold Latzke (1932–2009), SPD parliamentary group leader, administrative director of the Offenbach municipal clinics
- Irmgard Sondergeld (1925–2013), City Councilor 1956–2006, City Councilor 2001–2006 (CDU)
Mühlentaler and other awards
The Mühlentaler is an award given by the city of Mühlheim to selected citizens who, in the context of the design of the city, for example. B. have made particular contributions in the clubs.
In addition, there are the following awards and honors for deserving personalities: the certificate of honor, the letter of honor from the city of Mühlheim, the honor plaque in bronze and the honor plaque in silver as well as the honorary citizenship. The magistrate decides on the awarding of the honors. The city council decides on the silver medal and honorary citizenship.
Web links
- Official website of the city of Mühlheim
- Mühlheim am Main, Offenbach district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature about Mühlheim am Main in the Hessian Bibliography
- Link catalog on the subject of Mühlheim am Main at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Literature from and about Mühlheim am Main in the catalog of the German National Library
Remarks
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^ Karl Glöckner: Codex Laureshamensis: Volume 1 - Introduction Regesten Chronik. Darmstadt 1929, p. 299, 19 (Reg 3082): "Donatio Ludouuici I. pii Einhardo in Michlenstat"
- German translation: Karl Josef Minst: Lorscher Codex: German; Document book of the former prince abbey Lorsch, after d. lat. text d. Original reproduced by Lamey (1768–1770) and Glöckner (1929–1936). Volume 1: Chronicon. Documents nos. 1–166, with notes, which report the history of the monastery from 764–1175 and with addenda up to 1181. Lorsch 1966, p. 77 f .:
- Gift of Ludwig I the Pious to Einhard in Michelstadt
- “In the name of our Lord and God, the Savior Jesus Christ. Ludwig, through divine Providence, emperor and always a member of the empire. It is befitting of the imperial majesty to honor and exalt those who serve her faithfully with various gifts and excellent awards. For this reason we follow the customs of our parents, namely our royal ancestors, and it pleases our Majesty to honor our loyal Einhard by the bestowal of certain assets from our property and, for our generosity, to transfer him into his possession. And that is by no means undeserved! For by the service of his loyalty and the devotion of his obedience, he deserves to enjoy our grace in a proper manner, who strives to devote himself to our service with all his might and to obey our commands faithfully. It is therefore useful to all of our loyal friends, present and future, that we have given our loyal Einhard and no less his wife Imma in German districts a place called Michlinstat (Michelstadt in the Odenwald) and located in a forest called Odonewak . There is a small wooden basilica in the center of the village. It has a turnaround of field and forest that belongs to the place and extends evenly in all directions with a radius of two miles or a double mile. Our 14 servants with their wives and children currently live in this measured area. There are also 40 male and female serfs in this place. We forgave this place with its border areas, in its entirety and with its serfs. Nonetheless, we also donate another village, namely Mulinheim (Mühlheim), in Moynecgowe (Maingau) on the Main, which was once the property of Count Drogo. It has a small brick basilica. There are 19 farm horses in the village. There are currently 13 servants living there with their wives and children. In another village of the same name on the same river, which is called inferior Mulinheim (Untermühlheim), there are four court riders and as many servants who live here with their wives and children. They belong to the village mentioned above. This, namely superior Mulinheim (Obermühlheim) with all accessories, with serfs, all attachments, as described above, with churches, hamlets, houses, servants, forests, lands, meadows, pastures, standing and flowing waters, building land and wasteland, with everything Through this deed of gift, we fully grant our faithful Einhard and his wife Imma what is important to them. From now on and in the future, you can deal with the named goods and places and their accessories according to inheritance law and in general at your own discretion. And none of the believers of the Holy Church of God or our faithful try to take anything away from the goods described and given to our faithful Einhard and his wife or to reduce their value, but they are allowed to own these properties in peace and quiet own and to whom they wish to bequeath. And so that the reputation of our donation over the years remains inviolable and immovable for ever and so that what we have determined will be believed in truth and with certainty by all our loyal ones, the present and future and also by our descendants, we have this Donation certificate signed below by hand and sealed with our ring. Monogram of the most gracious emperor Ludwig. I, Helisachar, have countersigned. Given on January 11th (815), in the first years of the empire of Ludwig, the benevolent and exalted emperor, gifted by Christ. In the seventh indiction. Done in the royal palace of Aachen, in the name of God, who make us happy. Amen."
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ Richard Wille: Hanau in the Thirty Years' War . Hanau 1886, p. 91, 593f.
- ↑ Merger of the communities of Mühlheim and Dietesheim to form the city of Mühlheim am Main on February 28, 1939 . In: Reichsstatthalter in Hessen (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1939 no. 5 , p. 26 , no. 2207 / M / 38 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.9 MB ]).
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Offenbach district (GVBl. II 330-33) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 316–318 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
- ^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2011 and 2006
- ↑ Hessian Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997
- ^ Citizens for Mühlheim
- ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Mühlheim am Main, district Darmstadt from November 19, 1948 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1948 no. 48 , p. 517 , point 611 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.0 MB ]).
- ↑ Granting of the right to fly a flag to the city of Mühlheim am Main, Offenbach district, Darmstadt government district on August 2, 1951 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1951 no. 33 , p. 471 , point 749 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
- ↑ Granting of the right to fly a flag to the city of Mühlheim am Main, Offenbach district, Darmstadt government district on August 2, 1951 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1951 no. 33 , p. 471 , point 749 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.1 MB ]). .
- ↑ census database. In: zensus2011.de.
- ^ Schools in Mühlheim ( Memento from March 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ nature reserves. In: Kreis-offenbach.de. Retrieved September 20, 2018 .
- ↑ cf. Municipal and field boundaries in BürgerGIS of the Offenbach
- ↑ NSG Mayen Won by Lämmerspiel. (No longer available online.) In : kreis-offenbach.de. Archived from the original on June 28, 2016 ; accessed on May 26, 2016 .
- ↑ See community and land boundaries in the BürgerGIS of the Offenbach district
- ↑ nature reserves. In: Kreis-offenbach.de. Retrieved September 20, 2018 .
- ↑ Cf. Hessische Gesellschaft für Ornithologie und Naturschutz e. V. , Offenbach working group. PDF file, accessed September 23, 2018
- ↑ Speech by Reimer von Essen, head of the Barrelhouse Jazzband, on the death of Hans-Georg Klauer (PDF)
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