Offenbach district
coat of arms | Germany map |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ N , 8 ° 47 ′ E |
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Basic data | |
State : | Hesse |
Administrative region : | Darmstadt |
Administrative headquarters : | Dietzenbach |
Area : | 356.3 km 2 |
Residents: | 355,813 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
Population density : | 999 inhabitants per km 2 |
License plate : | OF |
Circle key : | 06 4 38 |
NUTS : | DE71C |
Circle structure: | 13 municipalities |
Address of the district administration: |
Werner-Hilpert-Strasse 1 63128 Dietzenbach |
Website : | |
District Administrator : | Oliver Quilling ( CDU ) |
Location of the Offenbach district in Hesse | |
The Offenbach district is a regional authority in the Darmstadt administrative district in Hesse . The district is centrally located in the Rhine-Main area and is part of the Frankfurt metropolitan area , the urban agglomeration around the core city of Frankfurt am Main . The district town has been Dietzenbach since 2002 , previously it was the city of Offenbach am Main .
geography
location
The Offenbach district lies in the lower Main Plain, the Main forms the northern border of the district. The district area has many pine forests and forest lakes. The latter go back to the local, formerly large-scale gravel mining . The streams in the Offenbach district include the Luderbach , Rodau and Bieber , which drain into the Main from the south.
The district area is crossed by the Hessian apple wine and orchard route .
Neighboring areas
In the northeast, the district borders on the Main-Kinzig district (in Hesse), the district of Aschaffenburg (in Bavaria ) and the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg , the urban district of Darmstadt , the district of Groß-Gerau and the urban district of Frankfurt am Main and Offenbach am Main (all again in Hesse).
history
Prehistory of the circle
The western district area belonged mainly to the Isenburg county , from 1744 to the principality of Isenburg, from 1806 to 1815 the principality of Isenburg was a sovereign state and a member of the Rhine Confederation . As a result of the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , the Isenburg area came first to Austria and in 1816 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which agreed on a division of the principality through a territorial settlement with the Electorate of Hesse. The part located in the district came to the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
The eastern district was predominantly part of the Electorate of Mainz . This Mainz area previously belonged to the Lords of Eppstein and the Lords of Hagen-Münzenberg , and even earlier the entire district area, with the exception of the area around Langen, was part of the Franconian Maingau . Other territorial lords in the area of today's district during the time of the Holy Roman Empire were: the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt for Langen, Egelsbach and Dietzenbach ; the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel as heir of the County of Hanau for Dudenhofen ; the Counts of Schönborn for Heusenstamm , Obertshausen , Hausen and Gravenbruch ; the German Order for the Wildhof and the surrounding forest and the Lords of Frankenstein for Messenhausen .
After the secularization of Kurmainz in 1803, its area was added to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , the old administrative division into offices remained. After the proclamation of the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse on December 17, 1820, a comprehensive administrative reform followed on July 14, 1821. Instead of the traditional offices, district councils were now formed. The area of the later Offenbach district was now in the province of Starkenburg in
- District Langen : This comprised the former Kelsterbach office , with the exception of Ginsheim and Nauheim , as well as the Cent Arheiligen of the former Dieburg office, the places Ober- and Nieder-Roden and from the Schaafheim office Dietzenbach .
- Offenbach District District : This comprised the former Isenburg possessions of Bürgel , Dreieichenhain , Götzenhain , Münster , Neu-Isenburg , Offenthal , Philippseich , Sprendlingen , Urberach , Gravenbruch , Gehspitz , Neuhof and Wildhof as well as theOffenbach and Dreieich forests . The Offenbach District District thus separated the Langen District District into two parts until 1828.
- District District Seligenstadt : besides the linksmainischen possessions of the secular Kurmainz It included most of the 1736 hanauischen , then between the country counties Hesse-Darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel divided Office Babenhausen . The actual hinterland of Seligenstadt, the right-Main monastery areas, fell to the Principality of Aschaffenburg and the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1803, then to the Kingdom of Bavaria in1814.
Formation of the Offenbach district
With the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, the Offenbach district was founded from the Offenbach, Seligenstadt districts and part of the Langen district with the Offenbach administrative seat. The district of Langen was divided: the places Dietzenbach, Nieder- and Ober-Roden, Eppertshausen and Messenhausen came to the Offenbach district; the western part was combined with the district of Dornberg to form the district of Groß-Gerau .
Territorial changes
Grand duchy
On July 31, 1848, the municipalities of the Offenbach district were incorporated into the Darmstadt administrative region , and some municipalities were added to the Dieburg administrative region . However, this administrative reform only lasted four years, because on April 28, 1852 it was repealed and districts were created again, including the Offenbach district, with slightly changed boundaries: Langen and Egelsbach were added from the Groß-Gerau district while the places Babenhausen , Messenhausen, Nieder-Roden, Ober-Roden and Urberach were given to the Dieburg district. After the war of 1866 , the Grand Duchy lost a number of areas to the victorious Kingdom of Prussia , but also received some pieces that were very marginal for Prussia from its loot from the Electorate of Hesse. This also included the village of Rumpenheim , which was added to the Offenbach district in 1867.
In the course of the reform of the district constitution carried out in 1874 in the Grand Duchy of Hesse based on the Prussian model, there was again a new district division. The division of the Grand Duchy into seven districts that formed the province of Starkenburg (Bensheim, Darmstadt, Dieburg, Erbach, Groß-Gerau, Heppenheim, Offenbach) lasted for more than six decades until the state of Hesse and beyond. From 1874 to 1947 the distant Steinbach im Taunus also belonged to the Offenbach district as an exclave after the Vilbel district had been dissolved. On April 1, 1947 Steinbach came to the Obertaunuskreis .
republic
Already during the French occupation after the First World War (1923 to 1926) Steinbach was subordinated to the Höchst district and Buchschlag, Egelsbach and Langen to the Groß-Gerau district.
After the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936, the three Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen were dissolved in 1937 . On April 1, 1938, Bieber left the district with the incorporation to Offenbach and on November 1, 1938, a radical regional reform was carried out in Hesse. For the Offenbach district this meant: The city of Offenbach am Main, together with Bürgel , which was incorporated in 1908, left the Offenbach district and became a district . The seat of the district administration remained in Offenbach until 2002. Also in 1938, the district of Mitteldick became the Zeppelinheim settlement . In 1942 Rumpenheim left the Offenbach district when it was incorporated into Offenbach. The district division created in this way initially lasted until the end of the Second World War .
As part of the Hessian territorial reform of the 1970s, the district area was changed again: In 1974 the city of Steinheim am Main and the municipality of Klein-Auheim lost their independence and were separated from the Offenbach district and incorporated into the city of Hanau . In 1977 the communities Nieder-Roden, Ober-Roden and Urberach from the Dieburg district were added to the Offenbach district. Also in 1977 the towns of Dreieichenhain and Sprendlingen and the municipality of Froschhausen lost their sometimes centuries-old independence and were merged with neighboring towns to form larger towns (Dreieichenhain and Sprendlingen with Buchschlag, Götzenhain and Offenthal zu Dreieich) or incorporated into neighboring towns (Froschhausen zu Seligenstadt).
Since June 21, 2002 Dietzenbach has been the county seat of the Offenbach district. Thus, the seat is no longer in the eponymous city, although other institutions such as the vocational school are in the city. For this reason, parties repeatedly bring a change to the district name into play, for example in Untermainkreis or Landkreis Maingau .
Historical sources
The historical records of the Offenbach district are now in the Hessian State Archives in Darmstadt (inventory G 15 Offenbach for files up to 1945, inventory H 2 Offenbach for documents from 1945). Even if many of the district office files were lost in the course of the Second World War, the oldest documents date back to 1824. The two stocks reflect life in the district, starting with trade, construction and population development, through to church, health and agriculture. There are compensation files for war damage as well as documents from the former care center for those persecuted politically, racially and religiously. Most of the two holdings are listed and can be researched on the Internet.
Population development
date | Residents |
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1852 | 43,282 |
1900 | 120,813 |
1910 | 161,569 |
1925 | 175,480 |
1933 | 185.038 |
1939 | 104,427 |
1950 | 131.178 |
1960 | 175,300 |
1970 | 252,400 |
1980 | 294,400 |
1990 | 316,300 |
2000 | 335.030 |
2010 | 338.029 |
2015 | 343.434 |
2018 | 354.092 |
Denomination statistics
According to the 2011 census , 23.8% of the population were Protestant , 31.3% Roman Catholic and 44.9% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Catholics and Protestants has fallen since then.
politics
District administrators
District council
The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:
Diagram showing the election results and the distribution of seats | |
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Local election in the Offenbach district in 2016
% 40 30th 20th 10
0
32.4%
23.8%
14.7%
12.0%
7.3%
3.6%
3.4%
1.6%
1.3%
Gains and losses
compared to 2011
% p 16 14th 12 10 8th 6th 4th 2
0
-2 -4 -6 -8th -10 -5.2 % p
-1.6 % p
+ 14.7 % p.p.
-8.9 % p
+ 3.0 % p
-3.1 % p
+ 0.8 % p
+1.6 % p
-1.2 % p
Remarks:
f 2011: FWG-Die Bürger + FW-OF
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Nominations | % 2016 |
Seats 2016 |
% 2011 |
Seats 2011 |
% 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
% 2001 |
Seats 2001 |
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CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 32.4 | 28 | 37.6 | 33 | 46.2 | 40 | 45.5 | 39 |
SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 23.8 | 21st | 25.4 | 22nd | 27.8 | 24 | 32.1 | 28 |
AfD | Alternative for Germany | 14.7 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
GREEN | Alliance 90 / The Greens | 12.0 | 10 | 20.9 | 18th | 11.0 | 10 | 11.1 | 10 |
FDP | Free Democratic Party | 7.3 | 6th | 4.3 | 4th | 6.3 | 6th | 4.6 | 4th |
FW | Free voters | 3.6 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
THE LEFT. | The left | 3.4 | 3 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.7 | 2 | - | - |
FL-NEV | Free List - Non-Party Resident Representatives | 1.6 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
PIRATES | Pirate Party Germany | 1.3 | 1 | 2.5 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
FWG - The Citizens | Free voter community - citizens for the Offenbach district | - | - | 4.3 | 4th | 4.5 | 4th | 3.5 | 3 |
FW-OF | Free voters in the Offenbach district | - | - | 2.4 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
GERMAN LIST | Voting group German list | - | - | - | - | 1.4 | 1 | - | - |
REP | The Republicans | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.2 | 3 |
total | 100.0 | 87 | 100.0 | 87 | 100.0 | 87 | 100.0 | 87 | |
Voter turnout in% | 45.6 | 45.3 | 44.9 | 50.8 |
Coat of arms, flag and banner
Banner, coat of arms and flag | |
Blazon : "In a silver shield a green oak tree with three golden acorns, topped with a shield split by silver and red, inside two black bars in front, behind a halved silver wheel at the gap." | |
Coats of arms: The right to use a district coat of arms was granted on February 8, 1951. The oak tree stands for the formerly extensive forests of the Dreieich Wildbann . The shield in the middle shows the coat of arms of the Counts of Ober- Isenburg (black bars) and the Mainz wheel . |
In addition, the Offenbach district uses a flag and has had an official logo since 2002.
Partnerships
The district maintains the following partnerships:
- Liaocheng City , People's Republic of China
- Kiryat Ono city , Israel
- District Radomsko , Poland
- City of Usak , Turkey
- County Waukesha , Wisconsin , United States
Economy and Infrastructure
The Offenbach district is part of the economically strong Rhine-Main area . In the Future Atlas 2016 , the Offenbach district was ranked 57th out of 402 districts and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the places with “high future opportunities”. In the 2019 edition, it was ranked 37th out of 401.
traffic
With the Frankfurt Airport is one of the airports is the busiest in Europe to a part in the Offenbach district. The largest general airfield in Germany, the Frankfurt-Egelsbach airfield , is also located in a circle.
In local public transport, the Offenbach roundabout company (kvgOF ) acts as a local public transport company and authority in the Rhein-Main transport association .
The above-mentioned railway lines serve the district in rail traffic. Two lines of the S-Bahn Rhein-Main run from Offenbach-Ost via Heusenstamm to Dietzenbach (S2) or through Rodgau to Rödermark (S1). Coming from Dieburg, the Dreieichbahn (RMV line 61) connects Rödermark with Dreieich-Buchschlag every hour or every half hour, where there is a connection to the S-Bahn lines S3 and S4. Three pairs of trains per day go through to Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof .
The federal highways 3 ( Frankfurt - Würzburg ) and 661 ( Egelsbach - Oberursel ) run through the district , as do several federal highways : the B 45 , the B 448 , the B 459 and the B 486 .
Traffic history
In the 19th century, the district was first opened up with new roads , later with railway lines:
- Chaussee:
- (Aschaffenburg) - Seligenstadt - Bieber - Offenbach
- Darmstadt - Langen - Sprendlingen - Neu-Isenburg - (Frankfurt)
- Sprendlingen - Offenbach
- railroad
- Main-Neckar Railway (1846)
- Frankfurt-Offenbach Railway (1848)
- Darmstadt-Aschaffenburg railway line (1858)
- Odenwaldbahn (1870/1882)
- Frankfurt-Bebra Railway (1875)
- Rodgaubahn 1896
- Offenbach-Bieber – Dietzenbach railway line (1898)
- Dreieichbahn (1905)
Communities
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
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Former parishes
The following list contains all former municipalities in the Offenbach district and details of their whereabouts:
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinguishing symbol OF when the license plates that are still valid today were introduced . It is still issued today.
literature
- District committee of the Offenbach district (ed.): History, museums, monument protection. Offenbach undated [between 1984 a. 1992]
- Susanne Heun: Settlement history of the Latène period using the example of the Offenbach district. Settlement history evaluation of old finds and new sites with regard to continuity issues. Diss., Philipps University Marburg / Lahn 1999. ( archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de , PDF).
Web links
- Website of the Offenbach district
- Offenbach district. Historical local dictionary. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature from and about Offenbach district in the catalog of the German National Library
- Citizen GIS of the Offenbach district ( geographic information system )
- Link catalog on the Offenbach district at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Official name according to the main statute of the Offenbach district (PDF; 87.5 kB). The district committee of the Offenbach district. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
- ^ Johann Ludwig Klüber (ed.): Imperial Austrian patent due to the transfer of sovereignty over various princely and countly Isenburg courts to Kurhessen; also the sovereignty over the other parts of the territory that were united under the name Fürstenthum Isenburg, over the Count's Schönborn rule Heusenstamm , the baronial-grandiose rule Eppertshausen , the Count-Ingelheim town Obererlenbach and the count-Solmese half of the town Niederursel, Hesse, to the Grand Duke of Offenbach , July 9, 1816, No. XXXVII., In: Johann Ludwig Klüber State Archives of the German Confederation . Volume 1. (JJ Palm and Ernst Enke), Erlangen 1816, pp. 419-421 books.google.de
- ^ Convention Territorial entre le Grand Duc de Hesse et Electeur de Hesse . - Signèe à Francfort sur Mein, le 29 Juin, 1816. British and Foreign State Papers 1815-1816, Volume 3, Compiled by the Librarian and Keeper of the Papers, Foreign Office, James Ridgway and Sons, Piccadilly, London 1838, pp. 812-819; (mostly in German) books.google.de ; also printed in Grindaha, issue 26, Geschichtsverein Gründau e. V., Gründau 2016 ISSN 2194-8631 pp. 4–12 with a comment by Norbert Breunig
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Offenbach district (GVBl. II 330-33) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 316–318 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
- ↑ Overview "HStAD inventory G 15 Offenbach" (Offenbach district office 1824 - 1945) in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt . In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).
- ↑ Overview "HStAD inventory H 2 Offenbach" (Offenbach district office 1945-2012) in the Hessian State Archives in Darmstadt . In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).
- ^ Philipp AF Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. 1854, accessed March 2, 2016 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Offenbach district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1972
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office
- ↑ Population in the administrative districts on September 30, 2010 and population processes in the 3rd quarter of 2010. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original on May 10, 2011 ; accessed on May 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Population in the administrative districts on June 30, 2015 and population change in the 2nd quarter of 2015. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original on March 24, 2016 ; accessed on May 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Offenbach District Religion , 2011 census
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the district elections of 2016 and 2011
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the district elections of 2011 and 2006
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the district elections of 2006 and 2001
- ^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the district elections of 2001 and 1997
- ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a flag for the municipality of Bickenbach, Darmstadt district of February 8, 1951 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1951 no. 8 , p. 86 , point 151 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.5 MB ]).
- ↑ Zukunftsatlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
- ↑ PROGNOS future atlas. Handelsblatt, accessed on December 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Municipal directory 1900: Offenbach district