Nieder-Roden

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Nieder-Roden
City of Rodgau
Eppsteiner rafters, Mainz wheel and church tower
Coordinates: 49 ° 59 ′ 47 "  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 29"  E
Height : 130 m above sea level NHN
Area : 15.3 km²
Residents : 15,119  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density : 988 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 63110
Area code : 06106

With over 15,400 inhabitants, Nieder-Roden is the largest district of Rodgau in the Offenbach district in southern Hesse .

location

Aerial photo 2008

Nieder-Roden is located on the Rodau in the Rhine-Main plain , approx. 8.5 kilometers southwest of Seligenstadt .

history

Early history

Findings show that Nieder-Roden was already a settlement area in prehistoric times.

middle Ages

In the Middle Ages , the surrounding forests belonged to the Dreieich Wildbann , which had 30 Wildhuben , one of which was in Nieder-Roden. The oldest mention of a Rotaha Marca , that a district or a local commune Roden, dates back to 786, when the monastery Rotaha the Lorsch monastery was given. The exact location of Rotaha Monastery is still unknown today. In 791 Nieder-Roden was expressly mentioned in a document as Rotaha inferior . At that time, the Franconian nobleman Erlulf gave his property there, the one in Ober-Roden (rotahen superiore) and the one in Bieber to the Lorsch monastery. 1210/1220 gave Gerlint the monastery Patershausen two Malter field in Nieder-Roden.

The place was of great importance as the center of a center and seat of a center court . The village therefore had a fortification . The district of the central court included Nieder- and Ober-Roden , Dudenhofen , Jügesheim , Messel , Urberach , Dietzenbach , Hainhausen , Messenhausen , Patershausen , Richolfshausen , Ippingshausen , Hartcheshofen and Neuhof .

Nieder-Roden was in the office of Steinheim , which initially belonged to the Lords of Hagen-Munzenberg . Through the Munzenberg inheritance it came to the Lords of Eppstein . From 1371, half of these pledged the office to the Counts of Katzenelnbogen and the Lords of Hanau . In 1393 the pledge came to the Lords of Kronberg . In 1425 Gottfried von Eppstein sold the office to the Electorate of Mainz .

Modern times

The tenth lord in Nieder-Roden was the Archbishop of Mainz, who temporarily gave this source of income as a fief . In 1567 the Lords von Wallbrunn and Johann Oiger Brendel von Homburg , a relative of the then ruling Mainz Elector Archbishop Daniel Brendel von Homburg , each held half of the tithe. The Lords of Wasen also owned Nieder-Roden.

In the years 1631–1634, during the Thirty Years War , King Gustav II Adolf confiscated the office as spoils of war and endowed the later Hanau Counts Heinrich Ludwig von Hanau-Münzenberg (1609–1632) and Jakob Johann von Hanau-Münzenberg (1612–1636) ) who were allied with him. Since both counts died soon and the Peace of Westphalia was based on the normal year 1624, Nieder-Roden came back to Kurmainz. Here it belonged to the Mainz district bailiwick of Dieburg. In the course of secularization , the Steinheim office came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1803 , which later became the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Here Nieder-Roden belonged to the following administrative units:

The gates of the fortification were laid down in 1812. When the Rödermark was divided up in 1818, the place, like the other villages belonging to the Mark, received a share of the forest.

After the Second World War

As a result of suburbanization in the 1960s and 1970s, various new buildings developed from the site . The most striking building is a 300-meter-long wing that can be seen from afar and is ironically referred to as the "China Wall". An originally planned extension of the complex to over 700 meters in length, including a building over Wiesbadener Strasse, was not carried out.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Nieder-Roden merged with the neighboring communities of Dudenhofen , Hainhausen , Jügesheim and Weiskirchen on January 1, 1977 in the newly created large community of Rodgau, which became a town in 1979. For each of the five city districts, a local district was set up with a local advisory council and a local councilor .

Name forms

The name Rotaha Marca / Mark Roden could mean “ settlement on a cleared floodplain ”, but it could also refer to the fact that the Rodau flowing through the village, which rises near Urberach in Rotliegend , used to turn red during floods. In documents that have been received, Nieder-Roden was mentioned under the following names (the year it was mentioned in brackets):

  • Rotahen superiore et inferiore (791)
  • Rotaha (10th century)
  • Inferior Rotaha (1210-1220)
  • Nidirn Rota (1303)
  • Nidern Rodauw (1371)
  • Niddern Rode (1435)
  • Niddern Rodauwe (1480)
  • Niddern Rodawe (1500)
  • Nidern Roda (1523)
  • Nidder Roden (1550)

Attractions

The Catholic parish church of St. Matthias in Rodgau -Nieder-Roden (photography, 2017)

Population development

Occupied population figures are:

  • 1576: 66 households,
  • 1648: 7 heads of families ( parishioners )
  • 1681: 29 households with 117 inhabitants
  • 1961: 727 Protestant (= 18.53%), 3120 Catholic (= 79.53%) residents
Nieder-Roden: Population from 1829 to 2011
year     Residents
1829
  
 787
1834
  
 862
1840
  
 947
1846
  
 1.008
1852
  
 1,087
1858
  
 1,017
1864
  
 961
1871
  
 955
1875
  
 1,033
1885
  
 1.104
1895
  
 1,318
1905
  
 1,558
1910
  
 1,714
1925
  
 1,876
1939
  
 3,616
1946
  
 2,772
1950
  
 2,942
1956
  
 3,288
1961
  
 3,923
1967
  
 8,047
1970
  
 9,651
2011
  
 15,432
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

coat of arms

The coat of arms was awarded on April 7, 1949 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

Nieder-Roden coat of arms
 Blazon : "A silver church tower in black, on the right of the Eppstein shield: three red rafters in silver, to the left of the Mainz shield: a silver wheel in red."
Justification for the coat of arms: A stamp from the early 19th century owned by the municipality, probably a copy of an older model, with the inscription: SIEGEL DER BÜRGERMEISTEREY NIEDER RODEN shows Saint Matthias in the seal field , a palm branch in his right hand and an ax in his left. The coat of arms officially awarded to the place in 1949 does not take up the attributes of the local saint, but by means of the two additional shields it expresses that the place passed from Eppsteinschem into Mainz ownership, which happened in 1425. In between stands the art-historically interesting tower of the local church of St. Matthias in the necessary heraldic stylization.

The design of the coat of arms was in the hands of the heraldist Georg Massoth.

Worth knowing

Puiseauxplatz: This is where the 50th parallel crosses
Motif fountain on Nieder-Rodens Puiseauxplatz

The 50th parallel leads right through Nieder-Roden's Puiseauxplatz.

In World War II, was written during the Nazi regime on the grounds of today's settlement Rollwald the criminal and prison camp Rollwald .

traffic

In 1896 Nieder-Roden was connected to the railroad and a station with the Rodgau Railway. After it was replaced by a replacement bus traffic during the reconstruction of the railway line to the subway in March 2001, the railways, Roden low in December 2003, with the S-Bahn line S1 ( Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof - Ober-Roden ) to the network of S -Bahn Rhein-Main connected.

Personalities

literature

  • Working group for local history Nieder-Roden: Nieder-Röder Memorial Book, Fallen and Missing 1554–1946 . Nieder-Roden 2005.
  • Barbara Demandt: The medieval church organization in Hesse south of the Main = Writings of the Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies 29, p. 138f.
  • Max Herchenröder : The art monuments of the district of Dieburg. 1940, p. 263ff.
  • Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place name book . Volume 1: Starkenburg. 1937, p. 514ff.
  • Karl Pohl: Here !? was the Carolingian monastery of Rotaha . Nieder-Roden 2008, ISBN 978-3-638-94679-7 .
  • Karl Pohl: The end of the Carolingian monastery Rotaha . Nieder-Roden 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-21187-6 .
  • Karl Pohl: The field names in the Nieder-Roden district . Ed .: Working group for local history Nieder-Roden e. V., 2009.
  • Karl Pohl: Nieder-Roden in 1622 (30 years war) . Nieder-Roden 2009, ISBN 978-3-640-47656-5 .
  • Karl Pohl: From Vogtshof to Nieder-Roden Regional Court - The "Niwenhof" at the former Carolingian monastery Rotaha , Nieder-Roden 2010, ISBN 978-3-640-68562-2 .
  • Karl Pohl: The abbesses Aba and Hiltisnot and their Carolingian Rotaha , Nieder-Roden 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-83469-3 .
  • Karl Pohl: The Carolingian monastery Rotaha in the light of the field names Nieder-Roden , 2012, ISBN 978-3-656-28157-3
  • Gisela Rathert u. a .: Nieder-Roden - 786–1986 . Nieder-Roden 1986.
  • Hans Georg Ruppel (edit.): Historical place directory for the area of ​​the former Grand Duchy and People's State of Hesse with evidence of district and court affiliation from 1820 until the changes in the course of the municipal territorial reform = Darmstädter Archivschriften 2. 1976, p. 156.
  • Regina Schäfer, The Lords of Eppstein. Exercise of power, administration and possession of a high nobility dynasty in the late Middle Ages = publications by the Historical Commission for Nassau 68. Wiesbaden 2000, pp. 69, 367, 374f.
  • Helmut Simon: Chronicle of the parish of St. Matthias Nieder-Roden . Lower Roden 1996.
  • Helmut Simon: The sick cow and other stories from the earlier times of Nieder-Roden , Nieder-Roden 2009.
  • Philipp Rupp: Stories from Alt-Nieder-Roden . Nieder-Roden 1985.
  • Dagmar Söder: Cultural monuments in Hessen, Offenbach district . Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1987, pp. 263-267.
  • Johann Wilhelm Christian Steiner: History and antiquities of Rodgau in old Maingau. Heyer, Darmstadt 1833.
  • Werner Stolzenburg: Rollwald - from the forest to the settlement . Frankfurt 1992.
  • Werner Stolzenburg u. a .: 100 years of the Rodgau Railway 1896–1996 . Rodgau 1996.
  • Literature on Nieder-Roden in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Nieder-Roden, Offenbach district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of April 17, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ^ City of Rodgau: Resident population main and secondary residence , accessed in June 2016.
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 12, February 25, 786 - Reg. 1952. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 67 , accessed on February 29, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 3), Certificate 1965, April 22, 791 - Reg. 2311. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 353 , accessed on February 29, 2016 .
  5. ^ Richard Wille: Hanau in the Thirty Years' War . Hanau 1886, p. 91, 593f.
  6. ^ Report of August 1, 2012 Frankfurter Rundschau
  7. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Offenbach district (GVBl. II 330-33) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 316–318 , § 6 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 375 .
  9. ↑ a b population development. In: Internet presence of the city of Rodau. Retrieved May 20, 2018 .
  10. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt , Otto Renkhoff : Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. C. A. Starke Verlag, Glücksburg / Ostsee 1956.
  11. ^ City of Rodgau: Geographical location
  12. ↑ Information on the past of the Rollwald district
  13. ↑ HHU magazine, issue 3-2001; Macromolecular Chemistry: Prof. Ritter appointed ( Memento from April 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), page 38 of the PDF file 3.22 MB