Lords of Wallbrunn

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Family coat of arms of those of Wallbrunn

The Lords of Wallbrunn (first documented as Lords of Ramstadt ) belong to the Hessian and Rhenish nobility and had their parent company in Nieder-Ramstadt near Darmstadt. From 1440 to 1722 their mansion was Ernsthofen Castle (later Ernsthofen Castle ) in today's Modautal . Hans IV. Von Wallbrunn initially rose to the service of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen , later the Landgraves of Hesse . The Wallbrunners were largely responsible for the devastation of the city of Friedberg in 1444.

First mention

The family appears for the first time in 1190 with Cunradus de Ramestat , a witness for the St. Andreas monastery in Worms. The same appears again in 1194. In 1222 a Hinricus de Ramestat is mentioned. In 1280, the von Wallbrunn were enfeoffed by Eberhard von Katzenelnbogen with a forestry office in Klappach (near Bessungen ). The reliable family line begins with the Wäppner and Mitherren on Nieder Ramstadt Gotzo von Ramstadt (1355 †), whose son Hermann Wallbrunn called von Ramstadt (documented 1354) appears with the later family name.

The line of the gentlemen from Wallbrunn to Ernsthofen

Hans IV of Wallbrunn

Hans IV von Wallbrunn (* before 1410; † August 6, 1484) was the founder of the Lords of Wallbrunn's own rule in Ernsthofen. How and whether the in Ernsthofen 1444/55 Hans Walbrun gen (annt) Gans (possibly Hans IV.) And 1463 Conrad Gans von Wallbrun gen (annt) Sorge and 1545 Wilhelm Gans gen (annt) Walbrun are to be counted among the Wallbrunners unexplained. There may be a connection to the noble family of the Goose von Otzberg . It should be noted that the surnames of the nobles for family identification were not yet established at that time and change depending on where they live and where they belong, and even surnames that are independent of location are not always typical of the family.

Career advancement

His father was a castle man at various Katzenelnbogic castles and at Friedberg Castle in the Wetterau . The Burgmannen von Friedberg lived in constant tension with the city of Friedberg . In the summer of 1435, Hans IV accompanied his father on a procession against the Lords of Frankenstein . The train was attacked en route, Hans IV's father and some of his cousins ​​were killed. On the arbitration day that followed in Frankfurt am Main in August 1435 , Hans IV accused the city of Friedberg of the attack and claimed to have recognized the Friedberg city governor in the leader of the highwaymen. The Friedbergers denied their guilt and demanded an investigation by an imperial or electoral court. Hans IV refused and declared the city of Friedberg to be the enemy at the Frankfurt arbitration day.

A year later, in August 1436, Frankfurt mercenaries drove Hans von Wallbrunn and his helpers to Vilbel Castle on the pretext that they had not recognized him . He was arrested there and only released after Count Johann IV von Katzenelnbogen had stood up for him. Presumably Hans had followed his father into the office of the Katzenelnbog. Johann IV, son of Diether VIII von Katzenelnbogen, had reunited the younger and older line of the County of Katzenelnbogen through marriage in 1402 and was thus ruler of the entire Katzenelnbog area, which extended as far as St. Goar , in addition to the properties in the nearby Reinheim . As early as 1439, Hans IV became a count's bailiff in Auerbach .

Ernsthofen Castle today. It is privately owned and cannot be viewed

Build your own rule

With his professional advancement, Hans IV also increased his personal possessions. Around 1440 he bought the castle and the village of Ernsthofen von Weiprecht and Konrad Rabenholt with the consent of the feudal lord Konrad von Bickenbach , thereby establishing his own rule. In 1444 Philipp Rabenhold von Tannenberg sold his part of the village of Hoxhohl to Hans IV and his first wife, Adelheid vom Hofe zu Limburg, and in 1445 the Wallbrunn couple bought the Kuchescher Hof in Nieder-Modau .

Devastation of Friedberg

The feud against the city of Friedberg continued. In 1444, further fighting with Friedberg was recorded, which reached its climax in 1447: Hans von Wallbrunn and his servants invaded the town unnoticed on the night of December 10, 1447 and set fire to several places at the same time. They are said to have been supported by a helper named gardener Hen . Dieffenbach writes about him and this night:

“On Sunday night after our women's day, he scattered 'powdered sweet peas' in various places, which ignited here and there, especially among the Augustinians, and finally caused such a conflagration that 700 buildings are said to have been cremated as a result. After he committed the act, he saved himself with a gag over the sea wall "

Even if the number of 700 buildings is certainly exaggerated, Friedberg has not recovered from the fire for years.

Promotion to bailiff and councilor

The disputes and feuds led to an increased reputation and political influence of Hans IV. He became the adviser and confidante of Count Philip I , the elder, son of John IV, and took on the highest state offices that corresponded to those of the later chief magistrate of the County of Katzenelnbogen . As the highest official of the Upper County, he traveled frequently to settle disputes among the nobility at arbitration boards. He was repeatedly a witness for Philip I (e.g. when he left some towns and villages to his son Philip the Younger on June 14, 1449 to keep his own court). Hans is already listed as a bailiff in this document.

Ernsthofen Church

Extension of the dominion

Around 1453, Count Philipp the Elder von Katzenelnbogen enfeoffed Hans IV von Wallbrunn with the village of Klein-Bieberau . Since Klein-Bieberau was one of the villages that Philipp the Elder left to his son Philipp to keep his own court in 1449, it is likely that Hans von Wallbrunn was enfeoffed with Klein-Bieberau after the death of Philip the Younger. In 1459 Hans IV von Henne von Buches bought half of the bailiwick and the district court of Asbach. In 1461 Hans IV lent the Archbishop of Mainz 1200 guilders and in 1463 another 1600 guilders, for which he was to receive 80 guilders in interest annually. He also expanded his possessions in the Hessian Ried . Purchase contracts for farms, goods and church sets in Gernsheim , Bickenbach , Biebesheim , Biblis , Goddelau , Pfungstadt , Zwingenberg , Eschollbrücken , Eich, Hahn (both now districts of Pfungstadt), Griesheim and Eberstadt , can be found for the years 1446–1483.

At the same time, the area around the Otzberg developed into a further focus of his farm and property. As early as 1450 he acquired the former Rabenholdschen Hof in Nieder-Klingen. From 1470 he owned six farms in Nieder-Klingen , two farms in Ober-Klingen , a Gütchen in Lengfeld , a Mühlenzins and a third of a farm in Wiebelsbach , Burglehen zu Otzberg and property in Hering and Hassenroth . This property was the Fulda (or Palatine) fief of Hammann Waltmann , who had sold it to Hans von Wallbrunn. After Waltmann's childless death around 1477, Count Palatine Friedrich enfeoffed Hans IV.

From 1470 to 1473 a feud between Hans von Wallbrunn and Count Wilhelm I. zu Breuberg ( Count von Wertheim of the younger line ) and a legal day for settlement before the court of the Count Palatine are documented. The song of the wrong Hans by the writer Niclaus Haas is also recorded in the documents.

The end of the Katzenelnbogen

The steep ascent of Hans IV von Wallbrunn was closely linked to Philip I the Elder. When this 1470 his son-in-law, Landgrave Heinrich III. von Hessen , who had married Philip's daughter Anna in 1458 and transferred the upper county, and when Philip I died in 1479, this did not affect the position of Hans IV. After the death of Philip, Landgrave Heinrich III confirmed. von Hessen Hans IV. von Wallbrunn as bailiff in Butzbach and Ziegenberg. Because of the loyal service that Hans von Wallbrunn had also rendered him, he promised to keep him in this office for life. After Hans von Wallbrunn's death, these offices were to remain with one of his sons if he were to designate them in a document.

Women and children

Hans IV was married three times and had a total of 26 children. With his first wife, Adelheid vom Hofe (von Limburg) († 1450), whom he married in 1437, he had twelve children: three sons and nine daughters. After Adelheid died around 1450, he married Margarethe von Bellersheim († 1453) in 1451 , with whom he was married until 1453. This marriage remained childless. In his third marriage he was married from 1454 to Lucia von Reifenberg († January 22, 1482), with whom he had fourteen children. Three children who died at an early age, six daughters, four of whom entered monasteries , and five sons. The marriage with Lucia on December 25th 1454 brought Hans IV the house and the parental garden of Castle Reifenberg in Zwingenberg as a marriage property and Wittum of his wife. It also guaranteed him the use of Reifenberg Castle in the event of war. Hans IV. Spent the last years of his life in this house in Zwingenberg, where he died on August 6, 1484.

Hans V.

Hans V. von Wallbrunn (called the knight) (* around 1438; † October 9, 1498) was the eldest son from the first marriage of Hans IV. He was determined by his father in his will as the head of the family and received most of the family property and the fiefdom.

Career

From 1461 he served Elector Friedrich I as Burgrave of Alzey and led a. a. 1462 the armed forces of the Oberamt Alzey during the Mainz collegiate feud in the victorious battle of Seckenheim (near Mannheim ). Elector Friedrich fought on the side of Archbishop of Mainz Dieter von Isenburg, who had been deposed from the Roman Curia, against his successor Adolf von Nassau . Even before this battle, Hans V had received the knighthood from Elector Friedrich I.

From 1473 onwards, Hans V can be traced as Burgmann of the Reichsburg Friedberg . In 1476 Hans V was appointed one of the noble members of the court court that Frederick I had set up in 1472 to settle disputes among the electoral Palatinate knighthood.

After the death of his father, Hans V. is attested from 1487–1493 as a knight of the Electoral Palatinate Council of Oppenheim and in 1491 became Burgrave of Starkenburg and thus military commander of the Oberamt Starkenburg pledged to Electoral Palatinate in 1461 by Archbishop Dieter von Mainz. From 1493 to 1498 Hans V. was also the bailiff of the Palatinate office of Otzberg . The Otzberg officials were obliged to take up residence at the castle there.

Fratricide

The younger sons from Hans IV's third marriage, Rheinhart († 1596), Wilhelm II (* between 1484 and 1508; † December 1525) and Kuno († 1522), believed through the will of Hans IV. From 1484 to be disadvantaged and demanded a fairer division of the inheritance from their half-brother Hans V. In 1492 the brothers tried to settle their dispute with a settlement. Instead of the largely sole inheritance from Hans V, the inheritance should be divided between the brothers. In fact, the warring parties met in Worms and signed a contract in the presence of friends.

But the Worms hereditary comparison soon turned out to be an unsuitable instrument to reduce the discontent of the younger brothers. Hans the Younger in particular believed that his eldest brother was being patronized in an unreasonable manner and that his legacy was being diminished. When Hans V. returned from a mass in Ernsthofen on October 10, 1498 with his wife Agnes von Karben , his sons and daughters, and all of their servants, Hans the Younger stepped out of the half-open castle gate with a tense crossbow , touched his brother on the drawbridge and shot him in the head.

After the fact, Hans d. J. with a servant and hid for years in Zwingenberg, the residence of his brother Wilhelm, at Reifenberg Castle and in other places. The murdered man's two sons, Hans VII and Philipp von Wallbrunn, did not hesitate to bring the murder of their father to the Imperial Court of Justice . The Court of Appeal took up the matter and instructed Wilhelm von Neipperg, Burgrave of Starkenburg, and Ludwig zum Paradies, Mayor of Frankfurt, to prepare the trial, to summon and interrogate the witnesses named by the plaintiffs and to have the interrogation protocols sent to the Imperial Court.

Heinrich Schumacher von Heppenheim , a court messenger sworn in by the higher court, was supposed to track down the fugitive on behalf of the court and deliver a summons to a court hearing in Bensheim . Hans the Younger von Wallbrunn tried to prevent a proper process from taking place, because as long as there was no final judgment and he was not convicted of the act, he could continue to move around freely. Therefore, all attempts to charge Heinrich Schumacher initially failed.

Nevertheless, on December 31, 1501 ( i.e. more than three years after the murder) in the upper large room of the Zum Ysenlöffel inn in Bensheim, the eight witnesses were questioned in the absence of the defendant. All documented statements testify to the guilt of Hans d. J. Even if the court ruling is no longer available, it can be assumed that the court in its ruling around 1503 pronounced the severest punishment for the crime, imperial ban. Hans the Younger was thus peaceless and without rights. He became outlawed and could be killed by anyone without penalty. Around the turn of the year 1507/1508, Hans d. J. then slain by his nephew, Hans VII von Wallbrunn, son of Hans V. who was murdered in 1498. Hans VII is said to have tried to take his uncle prisoner, but encountered considerable resistance.

The brother of the slain, Wilhelm, had the servant Hans Eichborn, who was responsible for the safety of Hans the Younger, captured and taken to Zwingenberg. There he was tortured to death.

Disputes with Hessen

In response to this, Landgrave Wilhelm von Hessen gave the order to proceed against the knight Wilhelm. Wilhelm was taken prisoner several times, but was always able to free himself from custody. Landgrave Wilhelm II then withdrew all Hessian fiefs from Wilhelm II von Wallbrunn and placed them under Hessian administration. Landgrave Wilhelm II of Hesse died on July 11, 1509. However, his widow Anna von Mecklenburg was only able to enforce her rights as regent in 1514. Until her son Philip came of age, she now exercised the regency. These internal problems of the Hessian government initially saved Wilhelm II from further prosecution. When Franz von Sickingen announced a feud with the young Landgrave Philip of Hesse in the late summer of 1518 , Wilhelm II joined the Sicking army.

Franz von Sickingen moved with his 10,000-strong army from Worms via Gernsheim to Darmstadt and closed a permanent ring of siege around the city. Darmstadt was heavily shelled. The city storm was imminent. With the mediation of the Margrave of Baden, a peace treaty was then concluded which obliged Philip of Hesse to pay Sickingen 35,000 guilders as war compensation and to meet all the claims of the knight's allies.

Due to this peace treaty, Wilhelm II of Wallbrunn also briefly regained his fiefdom. But Landgrave Philipp later refused to fulfill these points of the peace treaty, which were supposed to satisfy the rebellious Hessian nobility. Sickingen insisted that the contract be fulfilled and threatened that “he would soon return to the old hostels”. But Landgrave Philipp had since joined the Swabian Federation , so Sickingen did not dare to carry out his threat. Instead, Georg von Bischofferode, Burgmann of the Hessian fortress Spangenberg, probably on behalf of or with the approval of Philipp von Hessen Wilhelm II von Wallbrunn, announced the feud in 1520 and drove him from his estates in Zwingenberg, which then went to Landgrave Philipp.

Hans VII had already died on May 18, 1518, seven years before his uncle Wilhelm II, and Landgrave Philipp had enfeoffed his eldest son, Hans VIII, with half of Ernsthofen. Hans VIII von Wallbrunn tried twenty years after the death of Wilhelm II to have the confiscation of the former property of Wilhelm II lifted (see above). The resulting disputes led u. a. to the fact that in 1542 the whole community of Ernsthofen had to come to Darmstadt for “testimony and customers” because the Wallbrunn family had “quarreling” with the Hessian bailiff Hans Münch von Buseck . During her absence on Walpurgis Night in 1542, a devastating fire broke out in Ernsthofen, which is said to have spared only four courtyards.

It was not until 1545 that Philip of Hesse returned the confiscated fiefs to the Wallbrunners. However, with conditions. The Wallbrunners recognized the landgrave's sovereignty and had to accept membership of the Ober-Ramstadt district court . In addition, the landgrave, or a bailiff acting on his behalf, could request entry into Ernsthofen Castle at any time, spend the night there or live for a longer period of time. The preparation of the defenses had to be done in the name and for the protection of the landgrave. Their use against the intentions of the sovereign meant breach of loyalty.

The arrest of the Wallbrunn family in Nieder-Modau, Christmas 1550

When Hans VIII died on May 15, 1547, his eldest son Eberhard (* 1527; † 1552) became head of the family. Eberhard had 14 siblings: eight brothers and six sisters. Several acts of violence and arbitrary acts by him and his twin brothers have come down to us. Hans Adolf von Wallbrunn is said to have hunted the rabbits in Neutsch in 1549 and demanded that the farmers help him as drivers. When the farmer Mink asked what law he was demanding hunting fronds from the Neutscher farmers, Hans Adolf hit Mink with a hunting spear and had him locked up in Ernsthofen. Mink's relatives complained to the Lichtenberg bailiff Burkhard von Heringshausen. This demanded the release of Mink, but Hans Adolf refused.

In Hoxhol, a Hufschmidt was injured by von Wallbrunn in a fight and turned to the court in Ober-Ramstadt. But the Wallbrunners declared the Central Court - contrary to the requirements for the return of the fief in 1545 - not responsible, took Schmidt prisoner and arrested him in Ernsthofen. In vain did the Lichtenberg bailiff and armed men pull in front of Ernsthofen Castle to force their release. In retaliation, he instead captured the Wallbrunnish mayor and the miller von Ernsthofen and arrested them in Lichtenberg Castle .

In 1550 a Wallbrunn miller from Hoxhohl had bought a mill in Reinheim and wanted to move there, but Eberhard von Wallbrunn refused to let him go. When the miller secretly wanted to go to Reinheim, his train was stopped, taken as booty to Ernsthofen Castle and the miller arrested. Again the Lichtenberg bailiff demanded the release and this time in return had the Wallbrunn sheep seized and brought to Lichtenberg Castle.

The capture of the brothers Hans Adolf and Hans Philipp von Wallbrunn in Nieder-Modau is dated on Christmas Day in 1550 . Her mother is said to have been asked by "old Hornbeck", a farmer from Nieder-Modau, to give birth to a child on Christmas Day. Elisabeth von Wallbrunn is said to have consented and attended the service in Nieder-Modau together with her two sons, her daughter Maria and a servant.

The Lichtenberg bailiff, Heringshausen, had learned of the project and, after the baptism, arrested the entire family who had come to the church with the help of the Ober-Ramstädter Centgrave and had them locked up in a Nieder-Modau farmhouse. Originally, the two Wallbrunn brothers were supposed to be brought to Kassel. a. the intervention of her mother's sister, Helena von Frankenstein, failed. Instead, after three days of arrest, they were taken to the Nieder-Modau farmhouse in Reinheim and interrogated there. They were only released at the urging of their brother, Hans Eberhard von Wallbrunn, after they had vowed to have the disputes settled in court before the landgrave councilors.

Back in freedom, Hans Eberhard, Elisabeth Hans Adolf and Hans Philipp von Wallbrunn, for their part, started the trial against the bailiff von Heringshausen before the Reich Chamber of Commerce. The verdict tried to do justice to both sides. Both sides should refrain from further attacks.

Hans Adolf von Wallbrunn

Hans Adolf brothers Eberhard and Philip took part in the failed siege of Metz (1552) by the army of Emperor Charles V in part. Hans Eberhard von Wallbrunn died there in the camp. Philipp, the twin brother of Hans Adolf, was shot by his former servant in 1558. He had got into an argument with the servant in Metz, which is why he had deserted. Philipp met the servant again in 1558 in the service of Philipp von Frankenstein (uncle of Philipp von Wallbrunn). When the current servant of Philipp von Wallbrunn later met the former servant, a dispute broke out in which Philipp von Wallbrunn was shot.

Hans Adolf von Wallbrunn (* 1529; † January 12, 1569) found the perpetrator a short time later in Frankenstein and handed him over to the Count of Pfungstadt for a quick trial. But it never came to trial because the Wallbrunners never appeared to give evidence. Instead, Hans Adolf von Wallbrunn became more and more notorious for his acts of violence. He forcibly threw his mother Elisabeth and his sister Sibylla out of the castle. From then on, both lived in the family's Burgmannenhaus in Zwingenberg. Numerous attacks against the residents of the communities Ernsthofen, Klein-Bieberau, Neutsch and Hoxhohl have been handed down. When they sought support from the bailiff in Lichtenberg, he and his servants would invade the villages armed, take the cattle from them, have them slaughtered and pocket the income. Hans Adolf's attacks were the subject of trials before the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer.

At the same time, he himself confesses in a letter to the emperor that he “followed his relatives, the Frankensteiners, wherever he could find them” because they had housed their brother's murderer. He tried to harm his uncle Philipp von Frankenstein wherever he could.

When Hans Adolf extended his feud against Philipp von Frankenstein to the upper Bergstrasse and thus touched the Electoral Palatinate area, followers of the burgrave took him prisoner on August 19, 1559. After one year imprisonment at Mannheim Castle, he managed to escape to Speyrian territory, where he was captured again four days later on September 26, 1560. Thereupon Hans Adolf von Wallbrunn declared himself ready to the Bishop of Speyer to hold himself available for a trial. However, the Electoral Palatinate made his release subject to the condition that his relatives should keep him in a kind of preventive detention. Since his relatives did not want to take this risk, but instead consented to the extradition of Hans Adolf to the Electoral Palatinate, Hans Adolf broke his oath to the Bishop of Speyer and wrote a petition to Emperor Ferdinand I to release him from his oaths to the bishop. Hans Adolf also hoped for a letter of safe conduct from Ferdinand, which would protect him from arrest and give him freedom of movement.

Ferdinand I set up a commission to investigate his case and demanded information from the princes about the background to the removal of the fiefs and goods and the arrest.

In December 1565, Hans Adolf took Ernsthofen Castle back into his possession by force. From 1558, Landgrave Philipp von Hessen had the income from Ernsthofen confiscated, in 1561 at the request of the spokesman for the rest of the family, Johann Heinrich von Wallbrunn, canon in Mainz, but with the exception of Hans Adolf's share of his mother and the other relatives who were still underage to let. Johann Heinrich had only appointed one administrator at Ernsthofen Castle, whom Hans Adolf expelled in December 1565 just as violently as the rest of his family.

The castle's walls and moat were in good condition, so that Hans Adolf could only have been captured with the use of considerable military means.

It was not until January 10, 1569, that troops of George I of Hesse, son of Philip the Magnanimous, who died on March 31, 1567 , besieged Ernsthofen Castle. When the troops succeeded in conquering the castle on January 11th, Hans Adolf committed suicide.

After the castle was conquered, the other von Wallbrunn brothers were given the fiefdom again. Landgrave Georg had them confirm the right to open the castle. They also had to pay for the cost of the warring enterprise. On July 27, 1586, Georg made use of his right to open. After a hunt in the Modau region, he moved to Ernsthofen Castle and spent the night there.

The decline in the Thirty Years War and the sale of the castle

Of the 270 inhabitants in the five villages before the Thirty Years War , around 50 were still alive in 1641. Ernsthofen itself was deserted. The Wallbrunn family left the palace and lived in their Darmstadt home for years. Reconstruction after the war began very slowly, as there was hardly anyone who could rebuild the overgrown corridors and rebuild the destroyed buildings. The rule in Ernsthofen was continued after the war by Johann Adam von Wallbrunn (* 1629, † 1682). On May 1, 1722, his children sell the rulership with Ernsthofen Castle and the villages of Asbach, Ernsthofen, Hoxhol, Klein-Bieberau and Neutsch to Landgrave Ernst Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt. On May 28, 1722 the handover of rule and the swearing-in of the subjects to the new lords took place in Ernsthofen Castle. The line of the Barons von Wallbrunn zu Ernsthofen, which became extinct in the male line in 1723 with Johann Rudolf (* 1661; † 1723) goes through one of the daughters, Sophia Charlotte (* December 12, 1701), who in 1723 Karl Wilhelm von Wallbrunn zu Partenheim (* 1686; † 1767) marries, in the line of her Rheinhessen relatives.

The line of the gentlemen from Wallbrunn to Partenheim

The Wallbrunn Castle in Partenheim

In 1493 the Wallbrunn family acquired major ownership rights in the village of Partenheim . Kuno von Wallbrunn , the third half-brother who was no longer involved in the further disputes and the fratricide from 1492 to 1498, became Mr. zu Partenheim and Neueglofsheim , married to Margret the bitch von Saulheim , was in the service of Duke Albrecht of Bavaria as captain . Kuno von Wallbrunn zu Partenheim (* 1458; † 1522) is the progenitor of one of the three lines that emerged in the 15th century. The other two lines are the "von Wallbrunn zu Ernsthofen" with the progenitor Hans V. (* 1440; † 1498), which expire in 1728 in the male line or through the marriage of a daughter to Karl Wilhelm (* 1696; † 1767) in the year 1723 in the line of those "von Wallbrunn zu Partenheim" and those "von Wallbrunn zu Erbenheim" with the progenitor Karl VI. (* 1440; † 1486), who in 1573 with the Mainz cathedral cantor Johann Heinrich von Wallbrunn, a Catholic. Priests, go out in the male trunk.

The name of the Lords of Wallbrunn was also transferred to the palace. As a castle, which has existed since the 13th century, it was rebuilt several times and expanded as a palace building. A three-storey main wing and the round tower on the back of the late Gothic castle church were built around 1600. In 1689 the castle had to be renovated after a serious fire. A connecting passage to the castle church will be created.

In 1579 they were enfeoffed with the village together with the noble family von Partenheim von Kurtrier . In 1683 they were enfeoffed with further possessions in the place. By 1800 the individual possessions had grown to a total of around 500 acres .

The Lords of Wallbrunn thus belonged to the Rhenish knighthood and, as the lords of the Partenheim castle, they had a decisive influence on the territorial development of Rheinhessen . Solid family ties with other noble families, such as the Hund von Saulheim and the Wambolt von Umstadt, consolidated their position, both politically and economically, in the central Rhine-Hessian area. Ganerbe shares in Mommenheim (1534 documented), Bechtolsheim (1553), Schornsheim (1559) and in Nieder-Saulheim (1717) are proven. In addition, they inherited in 1549 through the childless deceased Friedrich Steben von Einselthum , son of Dorothea II., A sister of Kunos, whose ownership rights in Gauersheim , which could only be exercised after a trial before the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer from 1555. From 1614 until the Napoleonic era, the Lords of Wallbrunn (Partenheim line) were the sole local lords of Gauersheim.

Franz Carl August Wolfgang, the last baron of Wallbrunn, who resided in Partenheim, died in 1785. On December 7th, 1832 his widow, Christiane Eleonore von Wallbrunn , née. Reichsfreiin von Hopfer, in Partenheim. She is not buried in the church like other Wallbrunners, but in front of the west portal. Their children Caroline Friederike and Friedrich died childless, Karl, a Baden forest director and chamberlain who lived in Karlsruhe, sold the Partenheim properties in 1834 and continued the line of the Barons von Wallbrunn zu Partenheim, which is still flourishing today.

Inside the church is the Kunos tomb, a wall epitaph for Hans Rheinhart von Wallbrunn († 1596) and an inscription epitaph for Ferdinand von Wallbrunn († 1770).

Both the Wallbrunn and the Wambold von Umstadt survived the period of occupation in the wake of the French Revolution almost unscathed, as both came to terms with the French occupation. Karl, the last Baron von Wallbrunn from the Partenheim line, who resides in Gauersheim, was even Maire (= mayor) until his death in 1805, when Gauersheim was incorporated into French national territory. In contrast to many other castles, their properties such as the palace and the Wambold'sche Hof were neither devastated nor expropriated. However, the property rights in the place itself expire, provided that they were not private property based on civil law, but under public law in the sense of then expired sovereign rights or class privileges. It was not until September 1834 that the only surviving child of the last lordship, Karl, who lived as Baden forest director and chamberlain in Karlsruhe, sold it to the merchant Georg Dael. In 1835 he sold the castle to three families who actually divided the building among themselves.

Status surveys

Georg Christoph von Walbrunn , in the service of Saxe-Lauenburg and later Grand Ducal Tuscan court master and thief, was raised to the bohemian baron status on July 16, 1724. In 1726 it was expanded to include the entire family.

family members

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows three (2: 1) silver diamonds in blue. On the helmet with blue-silver covers, a silver diamond between two buffalo horns each covered with a silver diamond.

The neighboring and possibly related dynasts of Dornberg had the same coat of arms with probably the same tinging .

The coat of arms of the Wallbrunners can be found in the local coats of arms of the communities of Partenheim , Gauersheim and Modautal , as well as the Ernsthofen district . The heart shield of the Groß-Gerau district , on the other hand, shows the coat of arms of the Lords of Dornberg in the assumed tinging.

literature

  • Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 15: Donnersbergkreis; Werner'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Worms 1998, ISBN 3-88462-153-X (monument topography Donnersbergkreis)
  • Michelle Dreis: Partenheim Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2003; ISBN 3-89570-902-6
  • Rudolf Kunz: Family table of the Lords of Wallbrunn in: Hessische Familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e. V. 1921-1971 , 1971
  • Gerald FW Müller: Meeting of the von Wallbrunn families - visit to the residence Gauersheim on June 13th , 2009, Pfaffen-Schwabenheim 2009
  • Gernot Scior: The Lords of Wallbrunn zu Ernsthofen, History of a Rule 1440-1722 , self-published by the Association for Local History Ober-Ramstadt 1977.
  • Anke Stößer: Lords between the Rhine and the Odenwald. In: Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900-1806. Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 (= Handbook of Hessian History 3 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 63), pp. 152–170, especially pp. 166–168.
  • Alfred F. Wolfert: Groups of coats of arms of the nobility in the Odenwald-Spessart area. In: Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes II. Festschrift for Hans H. Weber. Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 1977, pp. 325-406, here p. 329f.
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XV, Volume 134 of the complete series, pp. 414-415, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 2004, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Johann Maximilian Humbracht , Georg Helwig, Georg F. von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths: The highest adornment of Teutsch-Land, and excellence of the Teutsche nobility: presented in the Reichs-Freyen Rhenish knights, also out of the same descended and adjoining generations, so sworn to high stiffers , or 150 years ago, the praiseworthy knight was incorporated, Stamm-Taffeln and Wapen , Franckfurt am Mayn 1707, pp. 119–120, digitized with family tree

Web links

Commons : Herren von Wallbrunn  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Nieder-Ramstadt, Darmstadt-Dieburg district, in: Historisches Ortslexikon. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of July 23, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on December 3, 2012 .
  2. ^ Heinrich Boos (Ed.): Document book of the city of Worms. Vol. 1 (627-1300). In: Sources on the history of the city of Worms I. Theil, 1886, documents No. 91 and 95.
  3. ^ K. Rossel: Document book of the Eberbach Abbey in the Rheingau , 1, Wiesbaden 1862, No. 229
  4. ↑ Karl E. Demandt ( arrangement ): The Regest of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen, Volume 1: 1060-1418. In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau; 11.1, 1953, document 74.
  5. ^ History of Hesse, especially the history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Rhine , Ed. H. Künzel, Friedberg, 1856, p. 180
  6. ↑ cf. Müller, Wilhelm: Hessian Place Name Book, Volume 1; Work of the Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse, Darmstadt 1937
  7. ↑ De Signatio on the origin and descent and coming of the noble family of the goose from Gansenhofen and Otzberg. (PDF) burgmannenhaus.de, archived from the original on May 9, 2009 ; accessed on October 28, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Scior, p.26
  9. ↑ Scior, p. 26, after Usener: Contribution to the history of knight castles and mountain castles in the area around Frankfurt am Main , 1858, p. 112.
  10. ^ Rudolf Kunz: Family Tables of the Lords of Wallbrunn, IN: 50 Years of the Hessian Family History Association, Darmstadt, 1971, p. 150.
  11. ↑ Scior, p. 27 after: Dieffenbach: History of the city and the Friedberg castle in the Wetterau, 1857, p. 134 f.
  12. ↑ Finding aid Demandt: Documents from the County of Katzenelnbogen (Upper County), In Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , HStAD Best. B 3 No. 452
  13. ^ State archive Baden-Württemberg State archive Wertheim: Archive unit G-Rep. 102 No. 1384
  14. ↑ Scior, page 53
  15. ↑ Scior, page 57
  16. ↑ Müller, Illustrierte Geschichte von Hessen, 1890, p. 38, quoted in Scior, p. 58
  17. ^ Retter, Hessische Nachrichten, Vol. 2, p. 155, quoted in Scior, p. 64
  18. ↑ Political Archive Philip the Magnanimous, No. 2434
  19. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 29
  20. ↑ Gerald FW Müller: Meeting of the von Wallbrunn families - visit to the residence Gauersheim on June 13, 2009, p. 3.
  21. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 28
  22. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 28
  23. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 28
  24. ↑ Rudolf Kunz: Family table of the Lords of Wallbrunn in: Hessische Familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung e. V. 1921-1971. Festschrift , 1971, p. 153; P. 159; P. 161
  25. ↑ Monument topography Donnersbergkreis, p. 292, left column
  26. ↑ Gerald FW Müller: Meeting of the von Wallbrunn families - visit to the residence Gauersheim on June 13 , 2009, Pfaffen-Schwabenheim 2009, p. 1
  27. ↑ Monument topography Donnersbergkreis, p. 292, left column
  28. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 53
  29. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - Geschichtliches und Wissenswertes , p. 48
  30. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - Geschichtliches und Wissenswertes , p. 49, p. 53
  31. ↑ Michelle Dreis: Partenheim, Vol. 2 - History and worth knowing , p. 49
  32. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon published in association with several historians. Ninth volume. [Steinhaus - Zwierlein.] 1870, p. 456 in the Internet Archive