Biblis

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Biblis
Biblis
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Biblis highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′  N , 8 ° 27 ′  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Circle : Mountain road
Height : 93 m above sea level NHN
Area : 40.44 km 2
Residents: 9110 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 225 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 68647
Area code : 06245
License plate : HP
Community key : 06 4 31 003
LOCODE : DE BBL
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Darmstädter Strasse 25
68647 Biblis
Website : www.biblis.eu
Mayor : Volker Scheib ( independent )
Location of the community of Biblis in the Bergstrasse district
Groß-Rohrheim Zwingenberg (Bergstraße) Biblis Viernheim Lampertheim Bürstadt Einhausen (Hessen) Lorsch Bensheim Lautertal (Odenwald) Lindenfels Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Fürth (Odenwald) Grasellenbach Rimbach (Odenwald) Mörlenbach Wald-Michelbach Birkenau (Odenwald) Abtsteinach Gorxheimertal Hirschhorn (Neckar) Neckarsteinach Michelbuch (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rheinland-Pfalz Baden-Württemberg Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg Odenwaldkreismap
About this picture

Biblis is a municipality in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . It has gained national fame primarily because of the Biblis nuclear power plant located here .

geography

Geographical location

Biblis is located in the Upper Rhine Plain west of the Odenwald between Darmstadt in the north and Mannheim in the south or north of Bürstadt . Biblis is located directly north of the lower reaches of the Weschnitz , which flows into the Rhine just a few kilometers northwest of the municipality .

Neighboring communities

Biblis borders in the north on the community Groß-Rohrheim and Gernsheim , in the east on the community Einhausen , in the south on the cities Bürstadt and Lampertheim and in the west on the independent city of Worms ( Rhineland-Palatinate ).

Community structure

Biblis consists of the three districts Biblis, Nordheim and Wattenheim .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Beginnings

The first tribe known by name to settle in the region around Biblis were the Celts . Around 40 AD the Romans began with the military occupation of areas on the right bank of the Rhine. Around 260 the Alemanni overran the Roman Limes , pushed the Romans back across the Rhine and settled the area. The remains of a Roman settlement were found at the Biblis train station and a natural harbor already used by the Romans near the mouth of the Weschnitz in the Rhine. The later Stein Castle was built in the same place . After 500, the Alemanni were ousted by the Franks , who settled the region, which is evidenced by Franconian graves near Biblis, Wattenheim and Klein-Rohrheim .

In 764 the Lorsch Monastery was founded , which had a decisive influence on the region in the following centuries. On January 20, 773, Charlemagne gave the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire , to the Lorsch Abbey, which was elevated to the status of an imperial monastery. From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. Supported by many other donations, the monastery belonged to the 9th-12th centuries. Century one of the largest and most powerful Benedictine abbeys in Germany.

The place Biblis was mentioned for the first time in the year 836 under the name Bibifloz in the Lorsch Codex , a property register of the monastery, when Biblis was left to the monastery Lorsch together with Wattenheim and Zullestein . The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In the late 12th century, an attempt was made to reorganize the administration of the Lorsch Monastery by recording the old title deeds ( Lorsch Codex ). Nevertheless, in 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office. Due to the freedom of the imperial monastery, the monastery bailiffs were administrators and court lords within the monastery property. This office came into the possession of the Count Palatine around 1165. From this constellation, serious disputes developed between the Archdiocese of Mainz and the Electoral Palatinate as the owner of the bailiwick . These disputes could not be settled until the beginning of the 14th century through a contract in which the possessions of the monastery were divided between Kurmainz and Electoral Palatinate and the bailiwick rights of the Count Palatine were confirmed.

In 1267, a burgrave on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim) is mentioned for the first time , who later also administered the Starkenburg office and was located in the Biblis district. The jurisdiction was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose chief judge was also the burgrave. The waiter in Heppenheim was first mentioned in 1322. He had his seat in the official court of Heppenheim and was the highest financial and judicial officer after the burgrave. The high level of jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the "Zent Heppenheim". The lower jurisdiction can be proven until 1592 with the mayor and local lay judges.

In the 14th century several local noblemen and knights have passed down as landowners and there was a castle in Biblis, of which there are no remains today. In 1313, for example, “Slaberhus von Rüdesheim ” was known to have received the village as a fief from the Archbishop of Mainz . In 1370 Konrad von Rüdesheim pawned the place with the consent of Archbishop Gerlach of Mainz to the treasurer of Worms. Around 1400 the people of Schlieder von Lachen received Burg Biblis and accessories from the Archbishop of Mainz as a fief. In 1418 he pledged the village to Konrad von Bickenbach and redeemed the pledge in the same year.

Palatinate pledge and Reformation

In the 15th century, the position of the Lorsch Monastery was further weakened, and in the course of this development, Archbishop Dietrich von Mainz handed over the Biblis parish with all its accessories to the Liebfrauenstift in Mainz in 1436 . In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch". This means an eventful time for Biblis too. Around 1555 the first Lutheran pastor began his work in Biblis. From 1562 onwards, this had to comply with the new Reformed Church Order, and in 1563 the Heidelberg Catechism was introduced. From 1571 to 1577 Biblis had a Reformed pastor and from 1577 to 1584 again a Lutheran pastor, before the Reformed teaching was reintroduced from 1583 under Frederick IV .

The documents from the Palatinate period also prove for Biblis:

  • In 1535, the Palatinate Elector Ludwig V had the ditch built and a brook order set up. The new Weschnitz is also created on his instructions.
  • The community of Biblis built a school building next to the bakery in 1590 and is responsible for its maintenance.
  • For the year 1606 the first mention of today's name "Biblis". In the same year the Liebfrauenstift zu Mainz sells its share of the Bibliser “ Zehen ” to the Electoral Palatinate.
  • In 1608 a more stately church was built in Biblis.
  • In 1610 the " Rote Ruh " breaks out in the village and kills 25.

From the year 1566 there is a note in the Starkenburger Kompotenzbuch that there are 119 hearths in Biblis and the canons of the monastery “To our dear woman” in Mainz receive part of the tithe from Biblis, while the other part goes to the Electoral Palatinate. In 1570 the monastery left its share to the Palatinate Elector Friedrich III.

Thirty Years' War

In 1618 the Thirty Years War broke out, during which Biblis was devastated several times and the inhabitants were severely decimated by the plague. For Lorsch Abbey, the closure of the provost's office in 1619 meant the final end. In 1623 Spanish troops conquered the region and Biblis for the Catholic war party and thus re-established the rule of Kurmainz. They had already taken Starkenburg in 1621 and used it as a base of operations for the further conquest. The towns of Nordheim Biblis and Wattenheim were sacked and the Lorsch monastery, which was occupied by the Spaniards, burned down. In the same year Stein Castle was taken by the Spanish and the Palatinate troops defeated near Bürstadt. October 26, 1623 reported that 124 residents of Lorsch, 26 residents of small home, 66 residents of Bürstadt and 81 inhabitants of Biblis paid homage to the Archbishop of Mainz, the under the military protection of Johann Tserclaes out Troops stood. This began the re-Catholicization of the area, which was promoted from 1624 by Jesuits from Aschaffenburg. In 1625 the Archbishop of Mainz gave the Calvinists the order to accept the Catholic faith by Easter 1626 at the latest or to leave the country. In 1626, the Counter Reformation in the Starkenburg office and thus also in Biblis was considered complete.

The horror of this war was far from over for the Biblisians. The Swedish troops fighting for the evangelical side pushed as far as the Bergstrasse in 1631 and brought Calvinism back. On December 6th and 7th they crossed the Rhine under King Gustav Adolf near Erfelden, and the city of Gernsheim was handed over for a contribution of 300 Reichstalers. Stein Castle was set on fire by the Lorraine-Spanish occupation, and the Swedes could only take over a ruin. In 1632 and 1633 the plague raged in Biblis, and the death register recorded 120 deaths for 1632 alone. In 1634 the Bibliser church caught fire and was largely destroyed. After the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals near Nördlingen on September 6, 1634, the Swedish troops withdrew from Bergstrasse in 1635, and the second Catholic restoration began. Ultimately, the Catholic victory at Nördlingen prompted France to intervene in the Thirty Years' War alongside the now weakened Swedes. With the Swedish-French War, the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War began in 1635.

The chroniclers report from the region around Biblis: »Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty. From Haußen we received news from 1642 that imperial troops invaded Haußen four times and caused damage of 26 guilders. ”The chroniclers also wrote in the same year:“ The parsonages in Biblis, Bürstadt and Lorsch are burned and derelict ”. In 1644 and 1645 the city of Gernsheim was taken first by French and then by Bavarian troops. In 1646 Biblis was uninhabited, and in 1647 the French under General Marshal Turenne came victorious to Gernsheim and demanded the destruction of the fortifications.

Return to Kurmainz

With the end of the Thirty Years' War by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the return of the pledged Oberamt Starkenburg to Kurmainz was established, and with the Bergstrasse Recession of 1650, the two electors settled the remaining denominational and territorial disputes, and the recatholicization of the locations of the Amt Starkenburg has been completed. Thus Biblis finally came again under Kurmainz rule, which lasted until the dissolution of Kurmainz in 1803. A number of events in Biblis are documented for this period in Kurmainz:

  • In 1653 a Catholic priest was appointed again, and the “Regensburg Recess” settled disputes between Kurmainz and Kurpfalz over the Herrenwiesen between Biblis and Klein-Hausen.
  • In the years 1658 to 1660 a new rectory was built in Biblis, a bell was procured, the badly damaged church was restored and a new high altar dedicated to St. Bartholomew was added.
  • In 1666 the plague broke out again in Biblis, and 29 people died from it.
  • At the beginning of the 18th century, the Biblis church received two new bells and an organ that was procured by the community. In 1719 the population had grown again to 883 people.
  • In 1720, the Archbishop of Mainz had the Hayn Court in Biblis carry out a renovation , the result of which was a compilation of the rights and obligations of the community and a list of goods.
  • As a result of the imperial coronation of Charles VII on February 12, 1742 in Frankfurt am Main and the War of the Austrian Succession , French, Russian and, in 1744, Hungarian troops march through Biblis and Groß-Rohrheim.
  • In the years 1761 to 1762 the church in Biblis, built in 1560, was rebuilt and equipped with a new organ.
  • In 1787 the ice drift on the Rhine caused a series of severe floods. The Rhine dike broke in seven places in the area around Biblis alone. In June, July and September of the same year there were again floods.
  • In 1800 there was another plague epidemic in Biblis, in a few months of this year 128 people, including 112 children, died in Biblis.

In 1782 Kurmainz carried out an administrative reform in the area of ​​the “Office Starkenburg”, with which an administrative bailiff was established in Lorsch . The office was renamed Oberamt and now consisted of the district bailiffs Lorsch, Fürth , Heppenheim and Bensheim . In addition to Biblis, Lorsch , Bürstadt , Klein-Hausen and Viernheim also belonged to the “Amtsvogtei Lorsch” . The Upper Office of Starkenburg, in turn, was subordinate to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

From the 19th century until today

Biblis becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . Through this reorganization, Kurmainz was dissolved, the Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Biblis came to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt . The "Amt Lorsch" continued as the Hessian district bailiwick, but the Oberamt was dissolved in 1805. The Lampertheim office, which was also part of the disbanded diocese of Worms and was the former office of Stein Castle, became part of Hesse in 1803. In the same year the elector moved from Mainz to Regensburg. The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Heppenheim" and the associated central courts had finally lost their function.

Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of France against high military contingents and membership of the Rhine Confederation , otherwise he was threatened with invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the Principality of Lorsch, or the church history of the Upper Rhinegau, reported in 1812 about the Lorsch and Biblis office:

“The Lorsch office contains 5 localities, namely: Lorsch, Biblis, Würrstadt, Kleinhausen and Virnheim and with the same borders on the offices of Heppenheim, Bensheim, Gernsheim, Lampertheim and Weinheim. There are 1071 residential buildings and 7083 souls in the whole of Lorsch. Among the latter are 6969 Catholics, 10 Lutherans, 8 Reformists, and 96 Jews. All the subjects of this land are serfs. In terms of land, the office contains 14.269 acres and 3 square meters of fields, 3462 square meters. Meadows and willows, and 15015 m. 2 Vrtl. Grove. The whole Lorsch office still belongs to Cent Heppenheim, just as it did old times; the supplement shows us ... what the localities of this office have to do and achieve in embarrassing court cases. Before the 17th century, the cellar or taker of the monastic and later sovereign gradient always lived in Lorsch. But after the Archbishopric of Mainz came back into possession of Bergstrasse and the Lorsch Monastery, and the latter had finally been destroyed, it came to Bensheim, where a lordly office was established itself, but at the same time the head conductors from Lorsch were connected with it. This official cellar was also responsible for the administration of justice until 1782, when a separate justice office was set up not only in Bensheim, but also in Lorsch. After the senior office in Starkenburg was repealed (1804), it became independent.
...
Flecken Biblis (Bibeloz, Bibiloz, Bibifloz, Bibeloss) a sizeable parish village or Flecken lies in a very flat area on the right side of the Weschnitz. ½ hour from the Rhine, 1 hour from Bürrstadt, 3 from Heppenheim, 2 from Lorsch, and just as many hours from Worms. Its neighbors are Wattenheim, Bobstadt, Groß- and Kleinhausen, Jägersburg and Großrorheim. As early as 842, King Ludwig the German gave Count Wernher his goods and the churches at Biblis and Wattenheim, which the same Count Wernher soon gave to the Lorsch Monastery and then received it back for life as a fief (Precaria). These and several other donations soon gave the Lorsch monastery full ownership of Biblis, which with this monastery passed to Kurmainz and so on to Hesse. For a time, however, it was in strange hands, as Archbishop Peter von Mainz handed over the village of Biblis (Villarn Bibelos) with all its accessories to the Wilhelm Schlaperhaus von Rüdesheim (Slaperhus de Rudisheim) in 1313 as a fief. Biblis stayed with the von Rüdesheim family for a while, as a document from 1338 teaches us. However, in 1370 a Conrad von Rüdesheim, with the knowledge and will of his feudal lord, Archbishop Gerlach von Mainz, sold his village Bybelos with all his accessories to Diether, treasurer of Worms for 2000  florins in cash. How long the von Dalberg family or those of Rüdesheim remained in the possession of the village of Biblis is unknown to me; However, I believe that this property did not extend beyond the 14th century, as nothing more can be found in documents, and it is also certain that the village of Biblis was also included in the deposit of the Bergstrasse to Electoral Palatinate so also was possessed by Electoral Palatinate until redemption.
…
Biblis currently has 194 houses and 1,354 inhabitants. Grand Ducal Hostammer owns a farm in Biblis, called the Ulrichshof, together with a farm estate and forest, as well as the former Teutonic Order Guth, as well as the Andressstiffttischen and Karmeliterklostergüther (von Worms). The Lorsch head shop also has an inheritance there. Finally the von Wambold, von Dalberg, von Sickingen and von Schmittburg have Gütther there too. The von Schliederisch Guth fell back as an apertes fief to the sovereign. The parish priests, namely the very oldest, are called here, as was common in ancient times, the Wittum; they are toe-free. The Biblis Feldmark, which is fertile but too exposed to floods, consists of 4412 acres of fields, meadows and willows. Part of the latter has been made arable. In addition to this, the community also has its own considerable forest, but another part of the forest in Biblis (a quarter of the entire Bibliss forest) is owned by the most gracious lordship, which is also held by a hunter and forester in Biblis. Fishing in the Weschnitz is also in control. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, after which provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

The Lorsch office was founded in 1823, in the Latest Country and Ethnology: A geographical reading book for all classes as follows:

“Amt Lorsch with 1 market town, 7 other places, 1,146 houses. and 8,755 a.
Lorsch, market town on the Waschnitz, and the official seat in the buildings of the former Premonstratensian Abbey. 262 houses and 1,660 inh. As in the vicinity of old monasteries, game, wood, fish, good pasture and good wine, as soon as the climate allows it, never fail to be absent: so are all these aids to a comfortable speculative life in the vicinity Lorsch united. - Villages: Biblis, Bürstadt, Kleinhausen, Seehoff, Virnheim. "

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and administrative districts were introduced, which resulted in Biblis becoming part of the Heppenheim administrative district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Lorsch was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Heppenheim . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Biblis was one of 12 mayor's offices in the district. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse wrote in 1829 about Biblis:

"Biblis (L. Bez. Heppenheim) cath. Pfarrdorf, not far from the Weschnitz 3 ⁄ 4  St. from the Rhine, 3 1 ⁄ 2   St. from Heppenheim and 2 St. from Lorsch, and has 224 houses and 2,000 inhabitants, except for 2 Luth. and 75 Jews are all Catholic, and a church built in the second half of the 18th century. - Count Wernher, or Werner, had received this place, which occurs under the name Bibifloz, from King Ludwig, and handed it over, together with the church and all its accessories, in 846 to the Lorsch monastery, from which it later came to Mainz. Archbishop Peter von Mainz enfeoffed Withelm Schlopperhaus von Rüdesheim with the place in 1313, and a Conrad von Rüdesheim sold the same in 1370, with a feudal approval, to Diether, treasurer of Worms for 2000 fl. For repurchase. This repurchase must have taken place. In 1802 the town came from Mainz to Hesse. - In 1824, the Rheinfluchen put Biblis and its district under water as tall as a man and thereby caused significant damage. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and districts were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district. Biblis was assigned to the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed, and the tithe and land rent (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the type that still largely exists today.

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states from 1845 the following entry can be found:

“Biblis. - Village with Catholic parish church, resp. to the evangel. Parish church Großrohrheim belonging. 224 H. 2000 E. (incl. 75 Jews). - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg province, - Bensheim district. - Landger. Gernsheim. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The village of Biblis, not far from the Weschnitz, occupies 3/4 St. from the Rhine and 3½ St. from Heppenheim, is very old and appears in the year 846 under the name Bibiflez , where it already had a church. In 1802 the town was ceded by Mainz to Hesse. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts, and Biblis became part of the Bensheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Biblis: Biblis, a Catholic parish village not far from the Weschnitz not far from the Rhine, with the Obersthorst forest warden (Gehhorst) and a brick factory, had 2276 inhabitants. The district consisted of 8851 acres , of which 4114 acres were arable land, 2457 acres were meadows and 1745 acres were forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, 386 houses, 2,176 inhabitants and its own mayor's office are given for the parish village of Biblis; assigned to the district of Bensheim, the district court of Gernsheim, the Protestant parish Gross-Rohrheim (Deanery Zwingenberg) and the Catholic parish Biblis (Deanery Bensheim).

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit.

The local history of Biblis records a whole series of events up to the beginning of the First World War. So for the year 1824, the procurement of the first hand-operated fire engine. On the Rhine, something new happens thanks to the steam boats of a Worms entrepreneur who operated the ships called “The Eagles of the Upper Rhine” between Mannheim and Mainz. Further improvements to the infrastructure resulted from the construction of the Darmstadt – Worms railway line, the Ludwig Railway , which began in 1869 and was completed in 1877. In 1869 an agricultural exhibition took place in Biblis, which, among other things, presented a useful bicycle, a penny farthing. In 1880 Biblis and the neighboring towns suffered from the floods after the Rhine dam broke. Biblis and Groß-Rohrheim were completely flooded and the water stood up to the Jägersburg forester's house. The establishment of the volunteer fire brigade is recorded for the year 1882 and the flooding of the Rhine brought hardship to the population again. When the Rhine dam near Rosengarten broke on December 28, the villages of Hofheim, Nordheim, Wattenheim and Bürstadt were flooded, and on January 2, when the Wechnitz dike broke, Biblis was also flooded. But positive economic impulses were also recorded this year from the start of large-scale cucumber cultivation. Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The number of emigrants shows that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. In the years that followed, cucumber production and processing in Biblis continued to grow. In 1900 cucumbers were grown on 72 hectares, in 1908 the vegetable processing company opened a factory, and in 1913 the Kölsch company opened a factory for canned cucumber.

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development here as in the entire German Empire . When the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 after the German defeat, Biblis had 86 casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

After the war until the late 1920s, many associations were founded in Biblis. Starting with the football club, through the choral club and the local history club, to the cycling club. On November 1, 1925, after 300 years, a Protestant service was held again in Biblis. On 11/12 In February 1929, temperatures of minus 21-26 ° C caused the Rhine to freeze over. On November 1, 1930, Adam Kärcher, the last mayor of Biblis, was freely elected before the National Socialists installed the mayor. In 1932 the star march of the unemployed, the so-called “Hunger March”, leads from Worms via Bürstadt, Biblis and Bensheim to Darmstadt.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In the spring of 1933, Adolf Hitler made May 1 a public holiday called “German Labor Day”. In this way, a union demand was met by the government of all people, which the unions strictly opposed. The unions called for participation in the May events, as they felt they were the initiators of the May idea. The official program was already heavily influenced by the National Socialists: “6 o'clock wake up by the SA bands. 8 a.m. flag hoisting in the factories, march to the parade ground, 9 a.m. transmission of the rally from the pleasure garden in Berlin to the public squares of the cities. 10.45 am State act of the Hessian government (...), reception of a workers delegation from the three Hessian provinces. (…) Common song of the workers 'song'. (...) 7.30 a.m. Transmission from Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin: Manifesto of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, 'The first year of the four-year plan'. Then light music and German dance. 12 noon: Broadcast of the speech by Prime Minister Hermann Göring. (...) Former Marxist singing, gymnastics and sports clubs can take part in the parades, but carry Marxist flags or symbols with you. ”The rude awakening for the unions came a day later when the“ NSDAP led the red unions took over ”:“ The since then Marxist leaders in protective custody - A 3 million account of the former Reichstag President Löbe blocked - The rights of the workers secured - The buildings of the free trade unions occupied ”, headlined the newspapers, which had already been harmonized throughout the Reich.

On May 6, 1933, Paul von Hindenburg and Adolf Hitler were made honorary citizens of Biblis. In Hesse, on July 3, 1933, the "Law for the implementation of field clearing for the purpose of creating jobs in the course of the redevelopment " was passed. In 13 municipalities in the Starkenburg province, including Biblis, the field clearing procedure was ordered over an area of ​​200,000 ha. In the course of this amelioration and settlement program, the two places Riedrode and Worms-Rosengarten were created . In the course of this program, the Rohrlachwiesen in the district of Biblis will be turned into arable land. In 1934 a camp for the Reich Labor Service was set up in Biblis, and in 1936/37 part of the Biblis forest was cleared for the construction of a military airfield ( 49 ° 40 ′ 44 ″  N , 8 ° 27 ′ 5 ″  E ). In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens. The only reason that the Biblis synagogue was not set on fire was because it had been sold to the Biblis community shortly beforehand and the neighboring houses would have been damaged by the close development. However, the interior was completely destroyed by a standard from SA Brigade 50 (Starkenburg). Of the around 60 people of Jewish faith living in Biblis in 1933, around half were killed as a result of the persecution of the Jews . On November 18, 1938, the authorities reported Biblis as free of Jews .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse . In the area around Worms, the district of Oppenheim was dissolved and the communities on the right bank of the Rhine, Lampertheim , Bürstadt , Hofheim Nordheim , Wattenheim and Biblis, were incorporated into the newly created district of Worms , which emerged from the district of Worms.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims is estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In Biblis, the war made itself felt in 1939, along with the drafting of soldiers through treks and billeting of people from the evacuated western areas. In 1940 French prisoners of war were housed in the gym, and on October 22, 1942, all but one of the bells from the Catholic parish church were collected. Beginning in 1942 and especially from 1944, the intensified air war against Germany was also felt in Biblis. Large aviation associations crossed Biblis in their attacks on Worms. At the end of February 1944, an air mine fell near the train station, covering a large part of the town's roofs. The work in the fields became life-threatening due to the continued low-flying attacks. The Biblis airfield was attacked several times. The Hitler Youth and older citizens of Biblis were used to reactivate the West Wall in 1944 . In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the Rhine bridges at Worms, Nordheim and Gernsheim were blown up on March 20, 1945. In Biblis, too, the Bruchbrücke and the railway bridge to Mannheim over the Weschnitz were blown up. Citizens of Biblis were able to remove the explosive charges from two other bridges. On the night of March 22nd to 23rd at around 11:30 p.m., the Americans crossed the Rhine with floating tanks near Oppenheim. On March 26th, Biblis was handed over to the American troops without a fight. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. Biblis suffered 276 war casualties between 1939 and 1945.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945, after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation, and by order of the military government, the state of Hesse was created within its current borders.

Post-war until today

With the establishment of Greater Hessen by the American military government in 1945, the areas on the right bank of the Rhine and thus Biblis were assigned to the Bergstrasse district . The district on the left bank of the Rhine became part of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946 in the administrative district of Rheinhessen .

Like all municipalities in western Germany, Biblis had to cope with the deportees and refugees from eastern Germany in 1946. Those housed in Biblis received a warm meal in the restaurant in the house of the former synagogue before they were given their quarters by the community. With the currency reform of 1948 a regular economic life and with it the reconstruction could begin again. In 1949, the year the Federal Republic of Germany was founded , Biblis received new church bells. In 1951, when the gas and water pipeline was built in Biblis, an urn from 1800 BC was used. Found. In addition, the construction of the Protestant church began in Biblis, which was inaugurated in 1953 by the church president Martin Niemöller . Furthermore, in 1951, the transmission system of the US American Radio Free Europe was built on the former military airfield at Bibliser Wald . In 1953 the Bibliser Schule received an extension and the first Bibliser Gurkenfest took place. The first cucumber queen was also chosen. In 1958 the sole of the Weschnitz was lowered 80 cm and the bed cross-section was enlarged. During this work, the old stone bridge was replaced by a modern one. In 1960 a small chapel was built on the Weschnitz as a thank you that Biblis was spared the destruction of the Second World War, and in this context the “Promised Day” was celebrated.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 2250  ha , of which 178 ha were forest.

On June 13, 1969, the RWE board of directors signed the contract to build the Biblis nuclear power plant , Unit A of which went into operation in July 1974. In 1970 the Biblis community handed over the new fire station to the Biblis volunteer fire brigade as well as the Riedhalle, a multi-purpose hall, the school and the local associations. In the same year the excavations of Stein Castle at the mouth of the Weschnitz began under the scientific direction of Dr. Werner Jorns .

In 1971 a census resulted in 78 handicraft businesses. In 1974 the "Old Cemetery" in Annastraße was transformed into the "Old Cemetery" green area. In addition, a court of honor was laid out for the fallen of the two world wars. In 1975 the inauguration of the parish and youth center “St. Bartholomäus ”will be celebrated in Biblis. On November 14, 1976, a protest meeting took place against Block-C of the Biblis nuclear power plant, which was never built. In the same year, a complaint by the nuclear power opponents against Mayor Seib was rejected and the old pumping station on the Weschnitz was replaced by a new one. The L-3261 bypass road to Worms via Wattenheim and Jägersburg has also been opened to traffic. In 1978 the new evangelical parish hall was inaugurated, and on November 24, 1979 the first groundbreaking took place for the new Biblis town hall, which was inaugurated on November 6, 1981 after 3 years of construction.

In the course of industrialization, the formerly agricultural character of Biblis was displaced and numerous new building areas were created. The only reminder of the cucumber metropolis that Biblis formed towards the end of the 19th century is the annual cucumber festival with the coronation of the cucumber queen.

Courts in Hessen

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Lorsch District Bailiwick was responsible for Biblis. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Lorsch regional court in the Heppenheim district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On December 16, 1839, at the instigation of the Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice, the Gernsheim district court was established, to which Großrohrheim, Biblis, Wattenheim and Nordheim were assigned from the Lorsch district court district.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Gernsheim district court and assigned to the district of the regional court Darmstadt .

With effect from October 1, 1934, the district court of Gernsheim was repealed and the districts Biblis, Groß-Rohrheim, Hammer-Aue, Maulbeer-Aue, Nordheim and Wattenheim were assigned to the district court of Worms , and the remaining districts to the district court of Groß-Gerau .

With the assignment of the right bank of the Worms district to the Bergstrasse district in 1945, the district court district also changed, and Biblis came to the Lampertheim district court .

Incorporations

On December 31, 1970 were part of the municipal reform in Hesse , the previously independent municipalities Nordheim and Wattenheim voluntarily incorporated . Local districts with local advisory councils and local councilors were formed for the two places according to the Hessian municipal code.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Biblis was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 8,851 residents in Biblis on May 9, 2011. These included 544 (6.1%) foreigners, of whom 268 came from outside the EU , 196 from other European countries and 80 from other countries. The inhabitants lived in 3787 households. Of these, 1033 were single households , 1170 couples without children and 1221 couples with children, as well as 303 single parents and 60 shared apartments .

Population development

• 1623: 81 citizens
• 1806: 1314 inhabitants, 194 houses
• 1812: 1354 inhabitants, 154 houses
• 1829: 2000 inhabitants, 224 houses
• 1867: 2179 inhabitants, 387 houses
Biblis: Population from 1719 to 2015
year     Residents
1719
  
 883
1806
  
 1.314
1812
  
 1,354
1829
  
 2,000
1834
  
 2,073
1840
  
 2,250
1846
  
 2,215
1852
  
 2,276
1858
  
 2.141
1864
  
 2,185
1871
  
 2,229
1875
  
 2,282
1885
  
 2,269
1895
  
 2,662
1905
  
 2,725
1910
  
 2,840
1925
  
 3.149
1939
  
 3,552
1946
  
 4,571
1950
  
 4,818
1956
  
 4,884
1961
  
 5,335
1967
  
 5,487
1970
  
 5,605
1972
  
 8,190
1976
  
 8,262
1984
  
 8,137
1992
  
 8,208
2000
  
 8,700
2005
  
 8,936
2010
  
 8,780
2011
  
 8,851
2015
  
 8,895
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1972 :; 1976 :; 1984 :; 1992 :; 2000 :; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2011 census; 2015:
From 1972 including the towns incorporated into Hesse as part of the regional reform .

Population development overall municipality

year Biblis (place) Nordheim Wattenheim together
1600 500
1806 1355 762 283 2400
1961 5335 1165 550 7050
1970 5605 1316 716 7637
1980 5888 1450 930 8268
1996 6287 1716 1069 9072
2002 6350 1755 1146 9251
2009 6308 1892 1147 9347
2012 6273 1824 1132 9229

Source: Municipality of Biblis, 1961 and 1970: census results

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 2 Lutheran (= 0.10%), 75 Jewish (= 3.75%) and 1923 Catholic (= 96.15%) residents
• 1961: 702 Protestant (= 13.16%), 4544 Catholic (= 85.17%) residents
• 2011: 2478 Protestant (= 28.0%), 4079 Catholic (= 46.1%), 2293 other (= 25.9%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2017 1431 72,939 1,695,567 2,524,156
Change to 2000 −10.1% + 17.1% + 16.1% + 16.0%
of which full-time 2017 74.6% 70.8% 72.8% 71.8%
of which part-time 2017 25.4% 29.2% 27.2% 28.2%
Only marginally paid employees 2017 333 15,613 224.267 372.991
Change to 2000 −2.6% −4.3% + 9.0% + 8.8%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 59.5% 39.6% 27.0% 30.6%
2017 38.3% 32.1% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 16.6% 25.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2017 24.3% 25.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 10.7% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2017 17.6% 15.5% 31.6% 26.1%
other services 2000 12.1% 22.0% 20.1% 22.5%
2017 18.8% 25.3% 23.0% 25.4%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 01.1% 01.7% 01.4% 01.5%
2017 01.0% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

*) anonymized

politics

Community representation

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council 2016
   
A total of 23 seats
  • SPD : 7
  • CDU : 9
  • FLB : 7
 Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 40.8 9 43.3 10 50.3 12 47.4 15th
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 27.9 7th 34.0 8th 32.9 8th 38.7 12
FLB Free list Biblis 31.4 7th 22.7 5 10.2 2 6.0 2
BBF Bibliser Citizens Forum - - - - 6.6 1 7.9 2
total 100.0 23 100.0 23 100.0 23 100.0 31
Voter turnout in% 49.9 48.2 43.9 53.8

The local association of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen has been dissolved.

mayor

The non-party Volker Scheib has been Mayor of Biblis since April 1, 2020. He was elected on October 27, 2019 with 59.2% of the vote against three competitors. Among them was the previous incumbent, who was non-party but supported by the CDU , Felix Kusicka, who received just under 30% of the votes after one term.

Districts

The following local districts with local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code exist in the municipality:

  • Nordheim district (areas of the former Nordheim community ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.
  • Wattenheim district (areas of the former municipality of Wattenheim ). The local advisory board consists of seven members.

coat of arms

Biblis coat of arms

Blazon : "Azure, a left-facing, wheelless, silver plow on a silver water lily ( water lily )."

Declaration of coat of arms: The old Biblis coat of arms represents the tough struggle of the Biblis ancestors against the swamp. They reclaimed reedy terrain with what was still primitive equipment at the time. The water rose symbolizes the swamp, while the plow symbolizes the clearing of the land.

The colors come from the coat of arms of the Wittelsbach family , who ruled the Palatinate , to which Biblis belonged from 1461 to 1623.

In November 1950, the municipality of Biblis was granted the right to use a coat of arms by the Hessian State Ministry.

Partnerships

There are partnership agreements with the following municipalities:

Religions

St. Bartholomew Church

Catholic parish of St. Bartholomew

The St. Bartholomew's Church dates from 1865. The previous church became too small due to the rapidly growing population. The plans for the current church were drawn up by the then grand-ducal Hessian district architect Christian Horst. He designed the church as a neo- early Gothic three-aisled basilica with a choir and transept based on the model of the Marburg Elisabeth Church .

The Catholic parish of Biblis belongs to the Catholic parish group of Biblis. This consists of the parishes

  • St. Bartholomew Biblis
  • St. Christophorus Wattenheim
  • St. Theresia vKJ Groß-Rohrheim
  • St. Antonius Nordheim

Evangelical Congregation Biblis

The once reformed Biblis became Roman Catholic in 1623 through counter-Reformation measures. After the last Protestant pastor, Zarlen, had to leave the village in 1634, Biblis was a purely Catholic village for the next few centuries.

Only after the turn of the last century were there a few Protestant Christians in Biblis again. In 1910 there were 83 Protestants. On October 14, 1925, the evangelical parish of Biblis was founded on the initiative of Pastor Körbel from Groß-Rohrheim. The first Protestant service was celebrated after almost 300 years on November 1, 1925 with the celebration of Holy Communion in the festively decorated hall of the town hall. 62 adults and 12 children took part in the festive service. In January 1927, a building site for a church was bought for 1750 marks at what was then the exit towards Groß-Rohrheim. In the course of the field clearing of 1935/1936, this building site was exchanged for a much larger site at an additional cost of 2568.05 marks. It was the place where the Evangelical Church stands today. In 1936 an architect was hired to work out a plan for a small church. The construction project was rejected in November 1938. The first groundbreaking for the construction of the church was finally carried out on September 9, 1951, and on September 13, 1953 the church was consecrated by the church president Martin Niemöller . The time of makeshift arrangements and the limited space of the places of worship was over, the Protestant parish, a united congregation, had its own house of worship.

The first parish vicar for Biblis was Pastor Machmar in December 1963. The application to convert the parish vicar position into an independent pastor's position was rejected by the church administration. In September 1973, a meeting of the parish councils of Biblis and Nordheim with Dean Schulten and Probst Schmidt decided that Nordheim would remain the seat of the pastor's office and that Biblis would be administered from there as parish vicar. To this day, nothing has changed. The current pastor is Pastor Arne Polzer, the pastor's vicar is Pastor Dr. Klaus Wetzel. In 1978 the community center was built.

Jewish community

From the 18th century until 1938 there was a Jewish community in Biblis . In the middle of the 19th century it had about 200 members (about 8% of the total population). Under Rabbi Salomon Bodenheimer (1813–1886) a Talmud Torah school and other regionally important institutions were founded. The synagogue of the community (plot Enggasse 6) was built in 1832, desecrated by SA men during the November pogrom in 1938 and completely devastated inside, then used for purposes other than intended and demolished in 1981. A memorial stone still reminds of the previous building. At least 13 former Jewish residents of Biblis were murdered in extermination camps after the deportations.

Culture and sights

Culture

  • Biblis Film Island, a communal cinema
  • (Culture) barn in Biblis-Wattenheim
  • AsbachBrittas, the TG Biblis men's ballet

Protected areas

There are three nature reserves on the municipal area of ​​Biblis : The Hammer Aue of Gernsheim and Groß-Rohrheim , which is also designated as an FFH area , the Steiner Forest of Nordheim and the Lochwiesen of Biblis . The entire district is part of the Bergstrasse-Odenwald Nature Park . The conservation area "Hessische Rheinuferlandschaft" is located along the banks of the Rhine. The largest area comprises the bird sanctuary "Rheinauen bei Biblis and Groß-Rohrheim" between the Rhine and the settlement areas of Nordheim, Wattenheim, Biblis and Groß-Rohrheim.

The Bergstrasse district has designated two particularly strong English oaks as natural monuments for Biblis .

Events

Every year on the last Friday in June the gherkin festival begins in Biblis, a street festival with taverns, live music, dance and entertainment, which was introduced on the occasion of the previously important pickle harvest. The highlight of the cucumber festival is the coronation of the Biblis cucumber queen.

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​4044 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 316 360
from that Living 152 152
Business 8th 21st
Operating area 15th 25th
from that Mining land 1 11
Recreation area 159 148
from that Green area 14th 15th
traffic area 228 230
Agricultural area 2495 2504
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 382 381
Water surface 348 368
Other use 100 56

traffic

Regional train in Bibliser Bahnhof

Biblis is on the B 44 and the 3261 state road. There are motorway connections in Lorsch, Heppenheim and Gernsheim about ten kilometers away. In Biblis there are direct connections via the Biblis train station via the Riedbahn to Mannheim (every half hour) and Frankfurt am Main (every hour) and via a regional train to Worms (every hour). There is an indirect connection via the Nibelungenbahn to Bensheim (every hour).

Biblis NPP
Radio Free Europe transmitter

education

  • Catholic day care center Sonnenschein (Biblis)
  • Daycare center Dandelion (Biblis)
  • Glückskäfer day care center (Wattenheim district)
  • Evangelical day care center in Nordheim
  • School in the Weschnitzauen (Biblis primary school)
  • Steinerwald School Nordheim and Wattenheim

Nuclear power plant

See main article: Biblis Nuclear Power Plant .

Biblis is the location of the Biblis nuclear power plant with the two blocks Biblis A (in operation from 1974 to 2011) and Biblis B (in operation from 1976 to 2011).

The power plant was of central importance for the economic situation of the place. The medium Spiegel Online used the location in September 2010 as an example of an economic power connected with nuclear power and the dependence and loyalty of a region to nuclear energy based on this. The nuclear phase-out is leading to a budget deficit of 3.5 million euros in Biblis.

Other facilities

  • About 2.5 kilometers east of Biblis is located south of the state road 3261 a shortwave -Sendeanlage that the US International Broadcasting Bureau is operated and the broadcasting of the programs of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty used
  • At Nordheim, three parallel overhead lines of the high-voltage network cross the Rhine on masts up to 103 meters high
  • The Pfaffenau sports hall , the training facility for handball players from TG Biblis , was made possible by a donation from RWE

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Biblis  - collection of images
Wikivoyage: Biblis  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m local history of Biblis. Biblis parish, archived from the original on January 1, 2015 ; accessed on January 1, 2014 .
  3. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian book of place names - Starkenburg. Darmstadt 1937, pp. 58-59.
  4. ↑ Kurt Andermann : The Schliederer von Lachen, an atypical family of the Palatinate knight nobility. (PDF; 3.16 MB) Speyer, Volume 108, 2010. (No longer available online.) In: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein der Pfalz. P. 433ff , archived from the original ; accessed in August 2018 .
  5. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ( online at google books ).
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 220 ff .; 233 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  8. ↑ Latest regional and ethnology: A geographical reader for all classes. Mecklenburg, Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape 22 . Published by the geographical institute, Weimar 1921, OCLC 900105572 , p. 383 ( online at google books ).
  9. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  10. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 18 ( online at google books ).
  11. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 130 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  13. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 293 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 14 ( online at google books ).
  17. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Biblis. In: The world war at your door. Accessed January 2020 .
  19. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  20. ↑ a b c d e f Biblis, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  23. ↑ Incorporation of communities into the community of Biblis, Bergstrasse district of January 6, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 141 , point 175 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  24. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 348 .
  25. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 19 kB) § 5. In: Website. Biblis community, accessed October 2019 .
  26. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 7 kB) 2nd amendment. In: website. Biblis municipality, accessed January 2020 .
  27. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  28. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  29. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  30. ^ A b Population by nationality group: Biblis. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  31. ^ Households by family: Biblis. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  32. ^ Local elections 1972; Relevant population of the municipalities on August 4, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No.  33 , p. 1424 , point 1025 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  33. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population figures for the municipalities as of December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No.  52 , p. 2283 , point 1668 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  34. ^ Local elections 1985; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 30, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No.  46 , p. 2175 , point 1104 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  35. ↑ local elections 1993; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 21, 1992 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1992 No.  44 , p. 2766 , point 935 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).
  36. ↑ a b Community data sheet : Biblis. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  37. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2005). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  38. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2010). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  39. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2015). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  40. ^ Biblis in numbers. Biblis parish, December 31, 2012, archived from the original on July 14, 2014 ; accessed on December 15, 2014 .
  41. ↑ Religion: Biblis. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  42. ^ Result of the municipal elections on March 6, 2016. 431003 Biblis. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  43. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 431003 Biblis. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in September 2019 .
  44. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 431003 Biblis. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in September 2019 .
  45. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in December 2019 .
  46. ↑ a b c nuclear power plant plans - Biblis celebrates the nuclear deal. In: Spiegel Online . September 18, 2010.
  47. ^ Result of the mayoral elections in Biblis. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
  48. ↑ From blacksmith to mayor in Biblis. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .
  49. ↑ Granting of the right to use a coat of arms to the community of Biblis in the Bergstrasse district, Darmstadt district on November 2, 1950 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1950 No. 46 , p. 470 , point 869 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
  50. ↑ Men's ballet TG Biblis 2017 BFC Contest. In: www.youtube.com. Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
  51. ↑ season finale of Asbach Brittas. In: Südhessen Morgen. 19th June 2018 .;
  52. ↑ Appendix 1: List of natural monuments in the Bergstrasse district. (PDF; 4.82 MB) The district committee of the Bergstrasse district - Lower Nature Conservation Authority, November 30, 2011, accessed on January 24, 2016 .
  53. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.
  54. ↑ Markus Balser, Michael Bauchmüller: What to do with the scrap? In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . No. 67 , March 21, 2015, p. 25 .