Gross-Rohrheim

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the community of Groß-Rohrheim
Gross-Rohrheim
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Groß-Rohrheim highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 43 '  N , 8 ° 28'  E

Basic data
State : Hesse
Administrative region : Darmstadt
Circle : Mountain road
Height : 89 m above sea level NHN
Area : 19.56 km 2
Residents: 3764 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 192 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 68649
Area code : 06245
License plate : HP
Community key : 06 4 31 010
LOCODE : DE GBR
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Rheinstrasse 14
68649 Gross-Rohrheim
Website : www.gross-rohrheim.de
Mayor : Rainer Bersch (non-party)
Location of the community Groß-Rohrheim in the Bergstrasse district
Groß-Rohrheim Zwingenberg (Bergstraße) Biblis Viernheim Lampertheim Bürstadt Einhausen (Hessen) Lorsch Bensheim Lautertal (Odenwald) Lindenfels Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Heppenheim (Bergstraße) Fürth (Odenwald) Grasellenbach Rimbach (Odenwald) Mörlenbach Wald-Michelbach Birkenau (Odenwald) Abtsteinach Gorxheimertal Hirschhorn (Neckar) Neckarsteinach Michelbuch (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rheinland-Pfalz Baden-Württemberg Kreis Groß-Gerau Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg Odenwaldkreismap
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Groß-Rohrheim is a municipality in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

geography

location

Groß-Rohrheim lies within the Upper Rhine Plain in the middle of the Hessian Ried . It is located about 2.5 km south-east of the Rhine  - viewed downstream between Biblis in the south-south-west and Klein-Rohrheim in the north-north-east, which belongs to Gernsheim on the other side ; the neighboring village to the east is the Langwaden district of Bensheim . On the right bank of the Rhine, the Hammerau Old Rhine with the Hammer Aue nature reserve from Gernsheim and Groß-Rohrheim extends in the municipality of Groß-Rohrheim and in the urban area of ​​Gernsheim .

Neighboring communities

Groß-Rohrheim borders in the north on the city of Gernsheim ( Groß-Gerau district ), in the east on the community Einhausen , in the south on the community Biblis and in the west, on the left bank of the Rhine, Worms-Ibersheim and Hamm am Rhein .

Community structure

Groß-Rohrheim officially consists of only one district and only one district (Gmk.-Nr. 63000).

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The area around Groß-Rohrheim was inhabited as early as the Neolithic Age, due to the climatically favorable Upper Rhine Plain , as archaeological finds show. After the first tribe known by name, the Celts , the Romans began the military occupation of areas on the right bank of the Rhine around 40 AD . Around 260 the Alemanni conquered the Roman Limes , pushed the Romans back over the Rhine and settled the area. After 500 AD these were again ousted by the Franks , which is documented by Franconian graves near Biblis , Wattenheim and Klein-Rohrheim .

Groß-Rohrheim was first mentioned in 782 and can be found in the Lorsch Codex under the name Raureheim , when a certain Eberhold gave his property there to the Lorsch Monastery . Until the 12th century, Groß-Rohrheim was owned by the imperial monastery of Lorsch, which, however , grants property and rights to various lords as fiefs . This is how the Groschlag von Dieburg , the Counts of Henneberg and the Lords of Bickenbach are called.

The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1333 Rohrheim was named as an accessory of the Bickenbach "Office Tannenberg". In 1347 Agnes von Katzenelnbogen received the middle part of the village from Ulrich von Bickenbach's estate. In 1368, Count Johann von Wertheim and his wife Margarete pledged their share of Rohrheim to the Eberhard von Katzenelnbogen tavern. At the end of the 14th century the village was divided between four lords. In 1479, after the dynasty died out, the Katzenelbogen share fell to the Landgraves of Hesse and, after the division of 1567, to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt . In 1568 half of the village belonged to the Hessian Landgrave, a quarter to the Schenken von Erbach and a quarter to the Counts of Leiningen-Westerburg and the Ulners of Dieburg . In the late 16th century, Hessen-Darmstadt and the Schencken von Erbach shared village rights and courts.

In 1553, Hesse introduced the Reformation in Groß-Rohrheim and the former branch of the parish in Gernsheim was given its own parish. In 1547 a fire destroyed almost the entire village. In 1579 the village is Hessian and the taverns of Erbach own a quarter of the "lower judiciary" . The first school lessons for boys in Groß-Rohrheim are recorded in 1580.

In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Groß-Rohrheim also suffered high losses. In 1621 Spanish and Bavarian troops plundered the village and burned a quarter of it. The area between the Rhine and Bergstrasse remained occupied by the Spaniards for 10 years until they withdrew from the approaching Swedish troops in 1631. The horror of this war was far from over for the people of Groß-Rohrheim. After the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals near Nördlingen on September 6, 1634, the Swedish troops withdrew from Bergstrasse in 1635. Ultimately, the Catholic victory at Nördlingen prompted France to intervene in the Thirty Years' War alongside the now weakened Swedes. With the Swedish-French War, the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War began in 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty".

On February 4, 1659, Landgrave Georg II of Hesse gave "his loyal subjects in the Flecken Groß-Rohrheim" a free and open fair, the May market that still exists today. The Landgrave also tried to revive his land, which had been ruined by the war. So he bought cattle and had them distributed to promote agriculture and in 1650 he succeeded in resettling subjects who had left the country. In 1687/88 the dilapidated church was demolished and replaced by a new building under the direction of the church builders Johann Mohr and Peter Graff.

In the years 1688–1697, the Palatinate War of Succession , provoked by France, raged , which exposed the area between the Rhine and Bergstrasse to multiple destruction and thus undermined the reconstruction efforts after the Thirty Years' War. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine again.

In 1699 an organ was installed in the Groß-Rohrheimer church and in 1700 the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt introduced the Gregorian calendar . In 1705 the church of Groß-Rohrheim received three bells. The name of Rentmeister Johann Philipp Lichtenberg can be found on the largest bell at the time. From 1697 to 1739 he was bailiff of the Jägersburg office. In 1712 the "Groß-Rohrheimer unmarried men and women" donated three carved pictures to the church. In 1711 Count Georg von Erbach sells »Court, Law and Justice; just as he had it before in Groß- and Klein-Rohrheim «to Landgrave Ernst Ludwig von Hessen . As a result, a number of former Erbach subjects became Hessian. Under this landgrave, the new hunting lodge Jägersburg was built at what is now the “Jägersburger Wald” junction. Today the site is overgrown and can only be recognized by the faint outline of the hexagonal moat that once surrounded the hunting lodge. It is located in the Groß-Rohrheim district on the border with Einhausen .

Following the coronation of Charles VII as emperor on February 12, 1742 in Frankfurt am Main and the War of the Austrian Succession , French, Russian and, in 1744, Hungarian troops march through Biblis and Groß-Rohrheim. On November 11, 1757, 14 barns burned down in Groß-Rohrheim and in 1771 the first cultivation of potatoes in the region was allowed by the authorities. In 1778 Groß-Rohrheim had to fight again with the Rhine flood when a dam broke and in the years 1787 and 1799 there were again floods.

In 1787 the administration was organized in such a way that Groß-Rohrheim belonged to the “Amt Zwingenberg and Jägersburg” of the “Upper County Katzenelnbogen” of the “Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt”. This division existed until the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801.

19th century until today

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 and ceased to exist with the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806. In 1806 the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which was also formed under pressure from Napoleon .

Then Groß-Rohrheim belonged through a series of administrative reforms to the district of Heppenheim , as well as the districts of Bensheim and Worms , until it came to today's Bergstrasse district in 1945 .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848. In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche , in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation, and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths, around 3 of them from Groß-Rohrheim. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit.

The industrial age was heralded for Groß-Rohrheim on the Rhine when a company from Worms started operating steam boats, known as the “Eagles of the Upper Rhine”, between Mannheim and Mainz in 1842. Further improvements to the infrastructure result from the construction of the Darmstadt – Worms railway line, the Ludwig Railway , which began in 1869 and was completed in 1877. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development here as in the entire German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, the war had cost a total of around 17 million human lives. Around 50 dead and missing from the war did not return to Groß-Rohrheim. The end of the German Empire was sealed and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930 there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In the spring of 1933, Adolf Hitler made May 1 a public holiday called “German Labor Day”. In this way, a union demand was met by the government of all people, which the unions strictly opposed. The unions called for participation in the May events, as they felt they were the initiators of the May idea. The official program was already heavily influenced by the National Socialists: “6 o'clock wake up by the SA bands. 8 a.m. flag hoisting in the factories, march to the parade ground, 9 a.m. transmission of the rally from the pleasure garden in Berlin to the public squares of the cities. 10.45 am State act of the Hessian government (...), reception of a workers' delegation from the three Hessian provinces. (...) Common singing of the 'Song of the Workers'. (...) 7.30 am Transmission from the Tempelhofer Feld, Berlin: Manifesto of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, 'The first year of the four-year plan'. Then light music and German dance. 12 noon: Broadcast of the speech by Prime Minister Hermann Göring. (...) Former Marxist singing, gymnastics and sports clubs can take part in the trains, but you must refrain from carrying Marxist flags or symbols. ”The rude awakening for the unions came a day later when the“ NSDAP took over the leadership of the red trade unions took over ":" The Marxist leaders since then in protective custody - a 3 million account of the former Reichstag President Löbe blocked - the rights of the workers secured - the buildings of the free trade unions occupied ", headlined the newspapers, which had already been harmonized throughout the Reich.

In November 1938, the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens, and the homes and businesses of Jewish families were devastated. The synagogue in Groß-Rohrheim was sold by the Israelite community soon after 1933. Of the 15 people who made up the Jewish community in 1924, only a few lived in Groß-Rohrheim in 1933 and, as a result of increasing reprisals, they moved away or emigrated. Of the people born in Groß-Rohrheim or who lived here for a long time, 12 died as a result of the Nazi tyranny.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. From 1944 onwards, increased aerial warfare against Germany was also felt in Groß-Rohrheim. Large aviation associations flew over Groß-Rohrheim in their attacks on the surrounding industrial cities of Ludwigshafen, Mannheim or Worms. Groß-Rohrheim is largely spared of this. However, on January 29, 1944, four boys were killed by aerial bombs dropped. In that year, work in the fields became life-threatening due to the continued low-flying attacks. Nobody was safe on the train or on the streets either. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. The bridgeheads on the left bank of the Rhine could not be held by the weak German forces, which led to the demolition of the Rhine bridges at Worms, Nordheim and Gernsheim on March 20. The remnants of the German 7th Army, which had withdrawn to the right bank of the Rhine, had to leave almost all of their heavy equipment such as tanks and artillery behind, which made a continuation of the fighting with the absolute air supremacy of the Americans and the lack of any German reserves actually completely pointless. On the American side, the primary goal was now to avoid further losses, which led to the massive use of artillery, tanks and aircraft, even without precise knowledge of a possible counter-defense, on all cities and villages to be captured. If the advancing forces encountered resistance, there was an immediate retreat and massive use of the air force and artillery. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. From the American point of view, this made it necessary for the neighboring US 7th Army to move up quickly to secure its flanks. In preparation for their crossing of the Rhine, most of the Ried communities were shelled by American artillery on March 25th and on the night of March 26th. In all affected communities people were killed and property damage was caused to buildings. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American troops crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms and advanced on a broad front against the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American units were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. Groß-Rohrheim suffered about 200 fallen or missing soldiers in this war.

After the war, the population rose from 2,300 to over 3,000 within a very short time due to the settlement of many expellees . The character of the place as a farming community and workers' community was retained until the 1960s. In the last few decades, the designation of commercial areas, successfully industrial and commercial settlements. The number of farms has decreased from around 500 to just 15 since the 1950s. While around 300 jobs were offered in Groß-Rohrheim in 1970, this number had risen to over 800 in 2001.

Administration from 1803

Before 1803, Groß-Rohrheim belonged to the office of Zwingenberg and Jägersburg . This assignment is also retained in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which was founded in 1806. After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . The office in Zwingenberg was expanded to include the locations of the office in Seeheim.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and administrative districts were introduced, making Groß-Rohrheim part of the Heppenheim administrative district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Lorsch was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Heppenheim . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Groß-Rohrheim was one of 12 mayor's offices in the district, although the mayors had been elected by the municipality since 1820 and there were no more appointments of mayors .

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as a second district alongside the Bensheim district. Groß-Rohrheim was assigned to the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and basic pensions were replaced by a tax system that still largely exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Groß-Rohrheim became part of the Bensheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Groß-Rohrheim: Großrohrheim, a market town in the Rhine valley with 1622 inhabitants, most of whom are Lutheran. The forester's lodge Jägersburg die Hammeraue and the Rhine island Sandwörth belong to Großrohrheim. The district consisted of 6896 acres , of which 3607 acres were arable land, 1944 acres were meadows and 264 acres were forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the market town of Gross-Rohrheim with its own mayor's office, 293 houses, 1587 inhabitants, the district of Bensheim, the district court of Gernsheim, the Protestant parish of Gross-Rohrheim of the dean's office in Zwingenberg and the Catholic parish Biblis of the Dean's Office Bensheim. The mayor's office also managed the Jägersburger Forsthaus with the state stud stable (one house, 6 inhabitants) and the Gross-Rohrheimer Fallthor-Haus (one house, 12 inhabitants).

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the area around Worms, the district of Oppenheim was dissolved. The communities on the right bank of the Rhine, Lampertheim , Bürstadt , Hofheim , Biblis , Nordheim , Wattenheim and Groß-Rohrheim, were incorporated into the newly created district of Worms , which emerged from the district of Worms .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

With the establishment of Greater Hessen, the areas on the right bank of the Rhine and thus also Gross-Rohrheim were assigned to the Bergstrasse district . The district on the left bank of the Rhine became part of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946 in the administrative district of Rheinhessen .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 1956  ha , of which 253 ha were forest.

Courts from 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg. The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords. The Zwingenberg Office was responsible for Groß-Rohrheim. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate.

With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Lorsch regional court in the Heppenheim district was the court of first instance from 1821 . On December 16, 1839, at the instigation of the Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice, the Gernsheim district court was set up, to which Großrohrheim, Biblis, Wattenheim and Nordheim were assigned from the Lorsch district court district.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the Gernsheim District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt District Court .

With effect from October 1, 1934, the district court of Gernsheim was repealed and the districts Biblis, Groß-Rohrheim, Hammer-Aue, Maulbeer-Aue, Nordheim and Wattenheim were assigned to the district court of Worms , and the remaining districts to the district court of Groß-Gerau .

With the assignment of the right bank of the Worms district to the Bergstrasse district in 1945, the district court district also changed and Groß-Rohrheim came to the Lampertheim district court .

Historical descriptions

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Groß-Rohrheim in 1829:

»Großrohrheim (L. Bez. Heppenheim) market town; is 3½ hours from Heppenheim, and has 209 houses and 1,384 inhabitants, all of whom are Lutheran except for 9 Catholics and 40 Jews. The place has 16 cattle markets and 2 cattle and grocer's markets that are well known and very popular. - The story names a rarity in which Duke Heinrich von Baiern gave the young King Otto III back to his mother, whom he had maliciously seized. A number of circumstances put it almost beyond any doubt that this is understood to mean Rohrheim, and especially the present Großrohrheim. Tradition puts a royal palatium here, which assertion, although no document speaks about it, is confirmed in it that a hallway still bears the name Hofstatt and the surrounding tubs the name of the castle square. The lords of Bickenbach had a lane here, which belonged to the Tannenberg domain. Before the Reformation, Großrohrheim had a chapel, which belonged to Gernsheim, but was separated from Philip the Magnanimous and raised to a parish church. In 1622 a quarter of the town was plundered and mostly buried. Großrohrheim suffered a lot from the Rhine floods in 1824. «

In the newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities of the German federal states from 1845 the following entries can be found:

»Groß-Rohrheim b. Heppenheim. - Market town with Protestant parish church, parish to Biblis with regard to the Catholic one. - 209 H. 1384 E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Bensheim district. - Gernsheim Regional Court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The market town of Groß-Rohrheim has 16 cattle and 2 cattle and junk markets that are very popular. The district tax collection for the Biblis district is located here. "

“Hammerau near Groß Rohrheim. - - H. - E. - Grand Heart. Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Bensheim district. - Landger. With pleasure. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The Hammerau is a meadow, which consists of very good meadows, which are partly stately, partly private, and stretch along the Rhine. The Au is not stoked by a dam on the Rhine side. Until 1802 it belonged to the community of Hamm above the Rhine. "

Historical forms of names

Historical forms of name for Groß-Rohrheim were (in brackets the year of the documentary mention):

Rorheim (782, 791, 1276) Raureheim (782) Rorheim superior (793)
superior Rorheim (1071) Rorheim maior (around 1200) superior Rorheim (1287)
villa Rorheim (1324) Rorrheim (1463) Ober-Rorheim (1521)
Gross Rorheim (1579) Upper Rohrheimb (1686) Gross Rohrheim (1689)

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Groß-Rohrheim was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population structure

According to the 2011 census , there were 3713 residents in Groß-Rohrheim on May 9, 2011. These included 263 (P, P%) foreigners, of whom 111 came from outside the EU , 115 from other European countries and 37 from other countries. The inhabitants lived in 1561 households. 410 of them were single households , 506 couples without children and 485 couples with children, as well as 133 single parents and 27 shared apartments .

Population development

• 1629: 0123 house seats
• 1791: 0869 inhabitants
• 1800: 0873 inhabitants
• 1806: 1053 inhabitants, 155 houses
• 1829: 1384 inhabitants, 209 houses
• 1867: 1605 inhabitants, 295 houses
Groß-Rohrheim: Population from 1791 to 2015
year     Residents
1791
  
 869
1800
  
 873
1806
  
 1,053
1829
  
 1,384
1834
  
 1,371
1840
  
 1,489
1846
  
 1,656
1852
  
 1,630
1858
  
 1,609
1864
  
 1,643
1871
  
 1,627
1875
  
 1,688
1885
  
 1,778
1895
  
 1,665
1905
  
 1,824
1910
  
 1.923
1925
  
 2.110
1939
  
 2.151
1946
  
 2,830
1950
  
 3,069
1956
  
 3,048
1961
  
 3,169
1967
  
 3,360
1970
  
 3,372
1972
  
 3,389
1976
  
 3,482
1984
  
 3,367
1992
  
 3,606
2000
  
 3,800
2005
  
 3,735
2010
  
 3,733
2011
  
 3.712
2015
  
 3,778
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 1972 :; 1976 :; 1984 :; 1992 :; 2000 :; 2005 :; 2010 :; 2011 census; 2015:

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 1335 Lutheran (= 96.46%), 40 Jewish (= 2.89%) and 9 Catholic (= 0.65%) residents
• 1961: 2460 Protestant (= 77.63%), 682 Catholic (= 21.52%) residents
• 2011: 1784 Protestant (= 48.3%), 887 Catholic (= 23.9%), 1032 other (= 27.8%) residents

Gainful employment

The municipality in comparison with the district, administrative district Darmstadt and Hesse:

year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Employees subject to social security contributions 2018 1114 75.286 1,740,388 2,584,005
Change to 2000 + 22.4% + 20.9% + 19.2% + 18.8%
of which full-time 2018 83.4% 70.6% 72.6% 71.5%
of which part-time 2018 16.6% 29.4% 27.4% 28.5%
Only marginally paid employees 2018 83.4 15,568 222,301 369,892
Change to 2000 −5.7% −4.6% + 8.1% + 7.9%
Branch year local community district Administrative district Hesse
Manufacturing 2000 29.0% 39.6% 27.0% 30.6%
2018 41.7% 32.1% 20.4% 24.3%
Commerce, hospitality and transport 2000 53.1% 25.1% 26.4% 25.1%
2018 32.2% 25.8% 24.7% 23.8%
Business services 2000 06.5% 11.6% 25.1% 20.2%
2018 13.4% 15.3% 31.7% 26.2%
other services 2000 11.3% 22.0% 20.1% 22.5%
2018 *) 25.1% 22.8% 25.2%
Other (or without assignment) 2000 00.1% 01.7% 01.4% 01.5%
2018 12.7% 01.1% 00.3% 00.4%

*) anonymized

politics

Community representation

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council 2016
   
A total of 19 seats
Parties and constituencies %
2016 		Seats
2016 		%
2011 		Seats
2011 		%
2006 		Seats
2006 		%
2001 		Seats
2001
Social Democratic Party of Germany 47.5 9 48.2 9 54.1 10 62.5 14th
Free voters - citizens for Groß-Rohrheim 32.0 6th 31.0 6th 21.3 4th 12.1 3
Christian Democratic Union of Germany 20.5 4th 20.8 4th 24.6 5 25.4 6th
total 100.0 19th 100.0 19th 100.0 19th 100.0 23
Voter turnout in% 54.1 54.6 52.8 61.4

Bürger für Groß-Rohrheim (BfGR) is a free voter community. It emerged from the citizens' initiative “Interest Group for Local Bypassing”, which was founded in June 1985 by Heinz Petry. The BfGR first ran for local elections in 1989 and achieved 16.9% of the vote. In the local elections in 1993 it received 22.7% and in 1997 19.7% of the vote.

mayor

In the election for mayor in 2008, the non-party applicant Rainer Bersch prevailed with 60.9% against Karsten Krug (SPD) with 39.1% in a runoff election. The turnout was 73%. Heinz Roos (SPD) had previously been mayor of Groß-Rohrheim from 1990.

In the mayoral election of 2014, the party-independent incumbent Rainer Bersch, supported by the CDU and SPD, prevailed against the challenger Walter Öhlenschläger (FW / BfGR). Rainer Bersch received 79.4%, Walter Öhlenschläger 20.6% of the vote with a turnout of 65.9%.

In the 2020 mayoral election, Rainer Bersch (independent of party) was re-elected mayor of the community of Groß-Rohrheim with 62.2%. The challenger, Sascha Holdefehr (independent, SPD supported), lost with 37.8% of the vote and a turnout of 62.6%.

flag

The flag was approved on February 7, 1969 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

"Between narrow red side panels a wide white central panel, covered with the municipal coat of arms."

Partnerships

A community partnership has existed since 1989 with the French city of Mouzon (Ardennes) .

Culture and sights

The monument to Claus Kröncke

Buildings

  • Historic half-timbered houses at the Protestant church from 1688 to 1723, as well as the ceiling painting in the church
  • Kröncke memorial for the planner of the Rhine breakthrough Claus Kröncke .

Events

Groß-Rohrheim traditionally celebrates two festivals. Showmen with stalls and rides offer a program for both festivals. In addition, a considerable part of the work relating to the organization, implementation and catering of both festivals is carried out on a voluntary basis by the local associations.

The May Market is held the third week of May end on Saturday and Sunday. It is intended to commemorate the granting of market rights to Groß-Rohrheim and is held as a trade show. Since the completion of the bypass road, it has been moved from the forecourt of the Bürgerhalle to the street in the old town center, where the market was originally held.

On the third weekend in August the parish fair ("curb") takes place. It begins with the setting up of a tree from the surrounding forest, which is decorated with a wreath, on Saturday lunchtime. On Saturday evening the Kerweborsch put on a play and on Sunday there is a small parade followed by the Kerweredd . The play and the Kerweredd are used to draw attention to current topics of local events and the surrounding area. On Mondays, the tree that was previously set up is felled again and the wreath is buried.

Economy and Infrastructure

Land use

The municipal area covers a total area of ​​1956 hectares, of which in hectares are:

Type of use 2011 2015
Building and open space 123 133
from that Living 67 67
Business 20th 30th
Operating area 11 27
from that Mining land 1 21st
Recreation area 14th 14th
from that Green area 7th 7th
traffic area 94 94
Agricultural area 1284 1256
from that moor 0 0
pagan 0 0
Forest area 283 283
Water surface 122 123
Other use 25th 25th

Companies

Groß Rohrheim station in Groß Rohrheim

Georg Thursday founded a water filling company with water from his own well in 1904. Later came a lemonade factory with the brand name Dofrula (Thursdays Fruit Lemonade). In concession was filled even until the 1970s, the soft drink Libella for the company Rudolf Wild in Eppelheim from. Descendants run the Kirsch beverage wholesaler there today .

traffic

Groß-Rohrheim has a train station on the Riedbahn . However, this is written: "Groß Rohrheim" (without a hyphen). This is explained by the fact that the Prussian spelling rules applied to rail operations in the Prussian-Hessian Railway Community, but the spelling rules applicable there for place names in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and both systems showed a difference on this point.

Personalities who worked in Groß-Rohrheim

literature

  • Horst Kirsch: Home register of the community Gross-Rohrheim , community council, 1982.
  • Groß-Rohrheim community: Groß-Rohrheim in old pictures: ed. for the 1200th anniversary d. Groß-Rohrheim municipality 1982.
  • Richard Stay († 1980) / Georg Hausmann: Notes from the Gross-Rohrheimer Ortschronik ( online )
  • Literature by and about Groß-Rohrheim in the catalog of the German National Library

Web links

Commons : Groß-Rohrheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Bieblis timetable. Biblis municipality, accessed January 2020 .
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 3), Certificate 1860, October 14, 782 - Reg. 805. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 327 , accessed on May 13, 2016 .
  4. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 253-254 .
  5. ^ Heinrich Künzel: History of Hessen, in particular the history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Rhine , Scriba 1856, page 222 ( online at google books )
  6. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  7. ^ A b Groß-Rohrheim (1870/71 and 1st World War), Bergstrasse district, Hesse. Online monument project, accessed January 2020 .
  8. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (pdf 8.61 MB) Fresh birch green, waving flags. P. 66 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  9. ^ History of the Jewish community in Groß-Rohrheim. In: "Alemannia Judaica". Accessed January 2020 .
  10. ↑ Series of articles in the Bergstrasse Gazette from 2005 about the end of the war on Bergstrasse. Mountain road. Bergsträßer Anzeiger, accessed on December 20, 2014 .
  11. ^ Gross-Rohrheim (World War II), Bergstrasse district, Hesse. Online monument project, accessed January 2020 .
  12. ^ Origin of Groß-Rohrheim. In: website. Groß-Rohrheim community, accessed January 2020 .
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 294 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 32 ( online at google books ).
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g Groß-Rohrheim, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  18. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  19. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  20. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 91 ( online at google books ).
  21. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 495 ( online at google books ).
  22. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 532 ( online at google books ).
  23. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  24. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  25. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  26. ^ A b Population by nationality group: Groß-Rohrheim. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  27. ^ Households by family: Groß-Rohrheim. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  28. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  129 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  29. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  134 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  30. ^ Local elections 1972; Relevant population of the municipalities on August 4, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No.  33 , p. 1424 , point 1025 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.9 MB ]).
  31. ↑ Local elections 1977; Relevant population figures for the municipalities as of December 15, 1976 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1976 No.  52 , p. 2283 , point 1668 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.3 MB ]).
  32. ^ Local elections 1985; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 30, 1984 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1984 No.  46 , p. 2175 , point 1104 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  33. ↑ local elections 1993; Relevant population of the municipalities as of October 21, 1992 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1992 No.  44 , p. 2766 , point 935 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).
  34. ↑ a b community data sheet : Groß-Rohrheim. (PDF; 222 kB) In: Hessisches Gemeindelexikon. HA Hessen Agency GmbH ;
  35. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2005). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  36. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2010). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  37. ^ The population of the Hessian communities (June 30, 2015). In: Hessian State Statistical Office . Archived from the original . ;
  38. ^ Religious affiliation : Groß-Rohrheim. In: Zensus2011. Bavarian State Office for Statistics , accessed in September 2019 .
  39. ^ Result of the municipal elections on March 6, 2016. 431010 Groß-Rohrheim. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .
  40. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 27, 2011. 431010 Groß-Rohrheim. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  41. ^ Result of the municipal election of March 26, 2006. 431010 Groß-Rohrheim. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in November 2019 .
  42. ↑ Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997. (No longer available online.) Hessian State Statistical Office, archived from the original ; accessed in October 2019 .
  43. ^ A b Mayor elections in Groß-Rohrheim. Hessian State Statistical Office , accessed in January 2020 .
  44. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a flag for the community of Groß-Rohrheim, Bergstrasse district of February 7, 1969 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1969 No. 8 , p. 314 , point 240 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4,9 MB ]).
  45. ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Informationssystem In: Statistics.Hessen.
  46. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 495 ( online at google books ). see. here .