District of Bensheim

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The district of Bensheim was a district in the Grand Duchy of Hesse with its seat in Bensheim and existed from 1821 to 1832. In 1832 it became part of the Bensheim district .

Scope of the district administration

The Bensheim district consisted of the following previous administrative units:

In October 1824, the places Beedenkirchen and Wurzelbach were assigned from the Reinheim district council . The district contained 26 old Hessen and 5 formerly Mainz towns, all of which belonged to the "Dominiallanden", in which there were no sovereign rights of third parties, such as patrimonial courts .

Classification

The administrative division was determined by the mayor's offices, which were subordinate to the district administrator. Several smaller towns were often administered by a mayor's office. Since 1822 the Hessian municipalities have been able to choose their mayors themselves and mayors were no longer used. The following 19 mayor's offices existed in the district:

  1. Alsbach
  2. Auerbach with Hochstädten
  3. Balkhausen with Quatelbach (hamlet in the district of Balkhausen), Staffel and Felsberg (settlement in the district of Beedenkirchen)
  4. Beedenkirchen with Wurzelbach
  5. Bensheim with Fehlheim
  6. Bickenbach with Hartenau (courtyard in the Bickenbach district)
  7. Eberstadt
  8. Eschollbrücken with oak
  9. Gernsheim with Kleinrohrheim
  10. Chicken
  11. Rooster
  12. Youth home
  13. Long calves with Rodau
  14. Niederbeerbach with the Frankenstein
  15. Oberbeerbach with Schmalbeerbach and Stettbach
  16. Pfungstadt
  17. Schwanheim
  18. Seeheim with Malchen
  19. Zwingenberg

District Administrator

The only district administrator was Peter Joseph von Rüding .

resolution

By edict of June 6, 1832, the district councils were abolished and geographically more extensive districts were formed. Shortly afterwards, their layout was determined by a further ordinance , whereby the districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were merged to form the Bensheim district .

Judiciary

At the same time as the district councils were formed in 1821, district courts were installed that were now independent of the administration. With the formation of the district of Bensheim, the district court of Zwingenberg with its seat in Zwingenberg was created, whose area of ​​responsibility coincided with the district.

Other administrations

Financial management

For the income from state property (the so-called domains ) there were the rent offices . The Zwingenberg Rent Office was responsible for the entire district .

The tax administration was separate from this. The Bensheim tax district was responsible for the district administration, which included all places and was part of the Bensheim administration . The tax district of Bensheim was again divided into four district taxpayers, 1. Bensheim with Fehlheim and Schwanheim; 2. Eberstadt with Eich, Eschollbrücken, Niederbeerbach and Pfungstadt; 3. Gernsheim with Hähnlein, Hahn, Kleinrohrheim, Langwaden and Rodau; 4. Zwingenberg with Alsbach, Auerbach, Balkhausen, Bickenbach, Hartenau, Hochstädten, Jugenheim, Malchen, Oberbeerbach, Seeheim, Staffel and Stetlbach, passed.

The district belonged to the main customs office in Heppenheim and had a secondary customs office in Bickenbach.

Forest

The forest administration of the district of Dieburg was taken care of by Forst Jugenheim . This had the four forest districts: 1. Bensheim with Fehlheim and Schwanheim; 2. Eberstadt with Eich, Eschollbrücken, Niederbeerbach and Pfungstadt; 3. Gernsheim with Hähnlein, Hahn, Kleinrohrheim, Langwaden and Rodau; 4. Zwingenberg with Aisbach, Auerbach, Balkhausen, Bickenbach, Hartenau, Hochstädten, Jugenheim, Malchen, Oberbeerbach, Seeheim, Staffel and Stetlbach. The place Auerbach belongs to the Lorsch district of the Heppenheim Forest .

church

The church administration in the district consisted of the Lutheran inspectorate Bensheim , which consisted of the following 15 parishes with their branches: 1. Alsbach; 2. Auerbach with Hochstädten; 3. Beedenkirchen with Wurzelbach and Staffel; 4. Bickenbach; 5. Eberstadt; 6. Eschollbrücken; 7. Chicken; 8. cock with gauge; 9. Youth home with Balkhausen and Qualelbach; 10. Niederbeerbach with Malchen, Oberbeerbach with Schmalbeerbach; 11. Stettbach and the Neutscher Hof (from the Reinheim district); 12. Pfungstadt; 13. Schwanheim with Langwaden, Rodau and Großhausen (from the district of Heppenheim); 14. Seeheim; 15. Zwingenberg. The Catholic places had two parishes: Bensheim with Fehlheim, Gernsheim with Kleinrohrheim. These parishes belonged to the Bergstrasse rural chapter .

Historical description

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports in 1829 on the district of Bensheim:

The location and boundaries are described as: “The district lies between 49 ° 39 'and 49 ° 51' north latitude and between 26 ° 8 'and 26 ° 24' south longitude. The borders are to the north: the districts of Dornberg and Darmstadt; to the east: the Reinheim district; to the south: the districts of Lindenfels and Heppenheim; to the west: the districts of Heppenheim, Dornberg and the Rhine. "

The natural composition as: “a) Surface and soil: The road running through the mountain road separates the mountainous country from the flat country. The highest point is the Melibokus or Malchenberg 2195 Hess. Feet (0.25 m) above the surface of the sea, followed by the Felsberg 2009 Hess. Feet above the surface of the sea. The western part from the road to the Rhine consists of a wide plain. The soil ranges from the best sea soil to very light sand; the latter especially at Eberstadt, Pfungstadt. On the whole the soil is mostly fertile, and in several places of excellent quality. b) Waters: 1) the Rhine; 2) the Modaubach ; 3) the Winkelbach ; 4) the Landbach . "

The population as: “This is 23,094 souls, among these are 15,112 Lutherans, 7282 Catholics, 39 Reforms, 5 Menonites and 656 Jews, which together are 3 cities, 2 market towns. 24 villages, 2 hamlets, living in 3011 houses. "

The natural products as: “1665 horses; 479 absent; 52 bulls; 340 ox; 40l2 cows; 1452 cattle; 4437 pigs; 667 sheep; 414 goats; 2 donkeys. Fish, as carp, pike, eel, tench, and sometimes also salmen. All kinds of grain; Millet, some wheat grain ; Legumes; many fodder herbs, especially clover, thick beets, potatoes; Vegetables, reys, some poppy seeds; Hemp, flax tobacco; good fruit, lots of catfish nuts , some chestnuts and almonds; Wine to Bensheim, the best so-called red wine on the Kirchberge, then to Zwingenberg, Alsbach, Jugenheim. Gold is also said to have been dug on the Auerbacher Schloßberg earlier, just as gold grains are said to have been found in the Hochstädter Bach. At Auerbach there was a silver mine and at Hochstädten there are abandoned lead pits. Peat near Pfungstadt Gernsheim and Eschollbrücken. Lime, like a kind of marble, near Auerbach; The former is known for its whiteness. Here granite is stored on lime. In the limestone quarries in the Hochstädter Thal, a beautiful white primordial limestone, in which granite crystals are occasionally broken, breaks. A nearby fracture contains very fine, coarse garnet, and a third fracture on the heights between this valley and Schönberg contains lime with idocras ( Vesuvianite ). At Eberstadt and Niederbeerbach there is a green, radial Schörl with quartz and at Auerbach there is a lot of jasper , granite and syenite ; Serpentine and Magneteisenstein at Frankenstein. Mineral water near Auerbach and Hochstädten. "

Trade and commerce as: “Trade, agriculture, animal husbandry, manufacturing, handicrafts; important milling industry, especially in Eberstadt, Pfungstadt, Jugenheim. The district has a wool manufacture in Eberstadt, with which machine spinning mills are connected. There is a Krappfabrik in Pfungstadt , but it is only operated weakly; a tobacco factory in Bensheim and good pendulum clocks are made in Auerbach. An excellent beer, as well as a kind of porter beer , is supplied by Eberstadt, where the brandy distilleries are also very busy; known is the so-called Eberstädter water. Malchen has significant canvas bleaching. The following items are exported: fat cattle, grain, nuts, lime, some wine, brandy wine, then woolen goods, namely Schwoneboy, sleek and smooth, fine flannels, Moltons espangolets, bed and horse blankets. The trade in flour and flour products, peeled barley, peeled millet, is very popular; The weekly fruit market in Gernsheim causes lively traffic. The road that runs through the Bergstrasse touches the towns of Bensheim, Auerbach, Zwingenberg, Bickenbach and Eberstadt. There is also a road from Bensheim to Lorsch. "

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ordinance concerning the division of the country into districts and district courts of July 14, 1821 ' . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette, No. 33, July 20, 1821, p. 404.
  2. ↑ Allocation of the communities of Beedenkirchen and Wurzelbach to the district council of Bensheim and the district court of Zwingenberg on October 11, 1824 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette, No. 57, October 30, 1824, p. 413 f.
  3. ↑ a b c d Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . Volume October 1, 1829, p. 12 ff. ( Google Books )
  4. ↑ Art. 1 Edict, the organization of the government agencies subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior and Justice, relating to June 6, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt , No. 55 of July 4, 1832, pp. 365-376 (365).
  5. ^ Ordinance on the formation of circles in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse on August 20, 1832. In: Großherzoglich Hessisches Regierungsblatt No. 74 of September 5, 1832, pp. 561-563 (562).