Rodau (Zwingenberg)

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Rodau
City of Zwingenberg
Former community coat of arms of Rodau
Coordinates: 49 ° 43 ′ 7 "  N , 8 ° 34 ′ 47"  E
Height : 92 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.15 km²
Residents : 975  (May 9, 2011)
Population density : 453 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 64673
Area code : 06251

Rodau is a district of Zwingenberg on the mountain road in southern Hesse Bergstraße district . It is about 2 km west of Zwingenberg in the Hessian Ried .

Geographical location

Rodau extends on the eastern edge of the Upper Rhine Plain near Zwingenberg as far as the vicinity of the front Odenwald and lies west of the Melibokus ( 517.4  m above sea level ).

In the north the place borders on Hähnlein in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district , in the south on Fehlheim and Auerbach with the Niederwaldsee, in the east on the main town of Zwingenberg and finally in the west on Langwaden (all Bergstrasse district).

Rodau and its district are located on a loop of a former river bed of the Neckar , which flowed through the Hessian Ried thousands of years ago. The districts of Fehlheim and Langwaden, which today belong to Bensheim, are also located on the former arms of the Neckar. The course of the Neckar led from today's Ladenburg through the Hessian Ried to the confluence with the Rhine near Trebur . Numerous quarry ponds and gravel pits along the mountain road bear witness to this past. It can be assumed that as a result of the gradual swamping and silting up of the old river bed near Heidelberg , the river sought its way to the west, which now flows into the Rhine near Mannheim .

Rodau is located west of the A5 motorway near the Zwingenberg junction and can be easily reached via this.

For the list of cultural monuments in Rodau see: List of cultural monuments in Zwingenberg (Bergstrasse) .

history

Rodau was mentioned for the first time in 782 in document no. 228 of the Lorsch Codex , a document collection of the Lorsch monastery . The occasion was an "investigation into the Fehlheim district, in which the village of Schwanheim is located, and about Rodau."

However, Rodau's history is likely to be much older. This area seems to have been inhabited by people as early as the Stone and Bronze Ages, which is corroborated by numerous finds on the Bergstrasse . The Celts later settled in this area. The names of the rivers Rhine, Main , Neckar , Weschnitz and Gersprenz are of Celtic origin.

After the end of Roman rule over parts of Germania , including the Bergstrasse, southern Hesse came into the unrestricted possession of the Franconian kings from around the year 500. At the time of Charlemagne, the towns of Auerbach, Zwingenberg, Hochstädten , Reichenbach , Gronau , Groß– and Kleinhausen (today Einhausen ), Rodau, Schwanheim and Fehlheim belonged to the Mark (district) Bensheim . Later these places, with the exception of Fehlheim, became independent and formed their own communities.

Rodau, Schwanheim and Fehlheim come to Lorsch Abbey through donations . Rodau is thus linked to the fate of this abbey for centuries.

The important document for Rodau, dated February 4, 962, is also in the document collection of the Lorsch Monastery, the Codex Laureshamensis, the original of which is in Munich. In this document, titled: Donatio quam fecit Adalhoch in Scarra (donation made by Adalhoch in Scharhof), it translates from Latin: “Later, however, with benevolence and with the agreement of the honorable Abbot Gerbod and all the brothers and loyalists just this Klosters, I have received the goods that I have handed over and, on top of that, what was legally due to Saint Nazarius in Schwanheim and Rod, for life as a fief . ”That means that Adalhoch in Scharhof near Mannheim possessions and monasteries in Schwanheim and Rodau as a fief received back for life when Gerbod was abbot of the Lorsch monastery,

With the Lorsch Monastery, Rodau came to the Archbishopric Mainz in 1232 , which was attested in 1238.

Since 1465 the office of Gernsheim , to which Rodau also belonged , has been pledged to Count Philipp von Katzenelnbogen and later to his heirs, the Landgraves of Hesse . After redeeming the pledge, Rodau returned to Kurmainz in 1520.

It is astonishing that Rodau, although it was now again under the sovereignty of Kurmainz and should therefore have belonged to the Catholic faith, became Protestant in 1534. The proximity to the Protestant Zwingenberg, which was in the Landgraviate of Hesse, plays a role here. The first pastor for Schwanheim and Rodau was the monk Jorg von Heidelberg from the Lorsch monastery. At the urging of the Hessian Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous, he received permission from the Abbot of Lorsch to take off his Catholic dress and to look after Schwanheim and Fehlheim as a Protestant preacher.

The small village was not spared the horrors of war. The need was great in the Thirty Years' War when Spanish troops appeared on the Bergstrasse in 1618 and plundered Palatinate and Hessian villages. A council minutes from the neighboring village of Fehlheim from 1621 prove this.

In the midst of the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War, the Electorate of Mainz failed in 1629 with the attempt to return to Catholicism due to the resistance of the community. Rodau remained Protestant.

The municipality has had its own school since 1687. One of the oldest school buildings is likely to be a half-timbered house on the corner of Feldstrasse in Rodau. Before that, the Rodau children must have attended the parish school in Schwanheim, which was newly founded shortly before 1628.

Until 1802, the village belonged to the Gernsheim district and thus to Kurmainz and then, like the other Kurmainz areas to the right of the Rhine, belonged to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt .

School, prayer and town hall
Village community and fire station

In 1812 Konrad Dahl reported in his historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, about the village of Rodau:

»Rodau: A small village, so named, is located on the Winkelbach, 1 1 ⁄ 2  hours from Gernsheim, a strong half an hour from Zwingenberg and 4 hours from Darmstadt. It is called in Codice Laures. Rod, and appears as a Lorsch property as early as 964. It remains to be seen whether it came from the nearby but lost village of Au, or from the Neckar, which almost completely flowed around it in its old age and formed an Au or island there, and which received its name Rodau. He doubted that this village belonged to the Gernsheimer Mark and the royal Dominialhof in Gernsheim from ancient times. Because of its distance, however, it did not belong to the parish of Gernsheim, but to the parish of Schwanheim, and it joined Luther's Reformation at the same time as its mother church and remained there until now. Rodau consists of only 26 houses with 165 souls. Its district is small and consists of only 407 acres of fields and meadows. From the big and small toes in Rodau, the head shopkeeper works in Lorsch (excluding a district on the Winkelbach on 7 acres, which the pastor in Schwanheim pays off). The hunt belongs to the sovereign. "

In 1810 a new school building was built in Hauptstrasse. Above the entrance there is a sandstone plaque with the inscription: “ This prayer, school and wheelhouse was built in 1810. ” Behind this information are some master builders' signs and the letters PS. The prayer hall is probably one of the oldest of this type in Hessen. The beautiful and functional building served as a school building until 1957.

In 1812 and 1813, considerable war costs were raised to pay for the Allied troops who were pursuing the Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte , who had withdrawn across the Rhine.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Rodau in 1829:

»Rodau (L. Bez. Bensheim) Lutheran Filialdorf; is located on the Winkelbach 1 St. from Bensheim and 3 ⁄ 4 St. from Zwingenberg, consists of 27 houses and has 168 Lutheran inhabitants. The place, which already existed in the 9th century, occurs in 964 as Lorsch property. Rodau came from Mainz to Hessen in 1802. "

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out. When the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 after the German defeat, Rodau also had eleven dead to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 27, the American units were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time. 29 fallen or missing soldiers did not return to Rodau.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, Rodau was a purely rural community with fields and meadows. Few people worked in industry, mostly in the railroad. That changed after the world wars, when more and more Rodauer found work in the surrounding communities, in industry and in trade.

Far-reaching changes also took place in agriculture. Part-time businesses that, like in the past, tilled their fields after work, no longer exist. Today only two farms are left in Rodau.

On December 17, 1957, the "Wasserbeschaffungsverband Riedgruppe Ost" was founded in the Nibelungensaal of the Lorsch town hall. In addition to Rodau, it also included the communities of Einhausen , Fehlheim , Schwanheim and Lorsch . In December 1958 the construction of the “Kannegießer Tannen” waterworks began and a year later the head of the association in Einhausen was able to announce: “Water is now running out of the taps for 15,000 reed residents - and we want to be grateful”. This was followed in September 1960 by the “Kannegießer Tannen” waterworks on the boundary between Lorsch and Einhausen. The waterworks, which was built at a cost of 4.5 million D-Marks, together with the 74 kilometers of laid pipelines, was called the “largest joint venture in the Bergstrasse district” after its completion.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the previously independent community of Rodau was incorporated into Zwingenberg on December 31, 1970 on a voluntary basis and has been a district of Zwingenberg ever since. For the Rodau district, a local district with a local advisory council and local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Rodau was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 151 inhabitants, 26 houses
• 1812: 165 inhabitants, 26 houses
• 1829: 168 inhabitants, 27 houses
• 1867: 205 inhabitants, 35 houses
Rodau: Population from 1806 to 2011
year     Residents
1806
  
 151
1812
  
 165
1829
  
 168
1834
  
 168
1840
  
 173
1846
  
 192
1852
  
 190
1858
  
 212
1864
  
 206
1871
  
 196
1875
  
 196
1885
  
 234
1895
  
 242
1905
  
 207
1910
  
 224
1925
  
 237
1939
  
 217
1946
  
 336
1950
  
 343
1956
  
 290
1961
  
 311
1967
  
 333
1970
  
 357
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 975
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 168 Lutheran (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 265 Protestant (= 85.21%), 32 Catholic (= 10.29%) residents

politics

There is a local district for Rodau (areas of the former municipality of Rodau) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had one member of the SPD , four members of the CDU, one member of the FDP and one member of the FWZ (Free Voters Zwingenberg). The mayor is Horst Hölzel (CDU).

coat of arms

On October 20, 1970, the community of Rodau was awarded a coat of arms with the following blazon : In a golden shield covered by three green sea leaves, a fallen half red tip with a six-spoke silver wheel.

literature

  • History Association Zwingenberg and City Council of Zwingenberg (Ed.) (1974): 700 years of city rights 1274-1974 - Chronicle of Zwingenberg an der Bergstrasse
  • Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the city and it office Gernsheim . Darmstadt 1807 ( online at Google Books ).
  • Festschrift Freiwillige Feuerwehr Rodau 1962: 10 years of the fire brigade in Rodau

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Rodau, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 2), Document 228, end of March or June 6, 782 - Reg. 1762. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 41 , accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  4. ^ Heinrich Tischner: settlement names between the Rhine, Main, Neckar and Itter. In: www.heinrich-tischner.de. Accessed October 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 263 f . ( Online at google books ).
  6. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 202 ( online at google books ).
  7. ↑ Series of articles in the Bergstrasse Gazette from 2005 about the end of the war on Bergstrasse. Bergstrasse and Viernheim. Bergsträßer Anzeiger, accessed on December 20, 2014 .
  8. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF; 9 MB) Finally water from the tap. Archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  9. ^ Incorporation of the Rodau community into the city of Zwingenberg, Begstrasse district on January 7, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 4 , p. 143 , point 187 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.3 MB ]).
  10. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 629 kB) § 4. In: Website. City of Zwingenberg, accessed February 2019 .
  11. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  14. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 74 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ Rodau local council. In: website. City of Zwingenberg, accessed December 2019 .
  16. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a flag of the Rodau community, Bergstrasse district from October 20, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 44 , p. 2086 , point 1916 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.1 MB ]).

Web links

Commons : Rodau (Zwingenberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files