Gronau (Bensheim)

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Gronau
City of Bensheim
Gronau coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 1 ″  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 175 m above sea level NHN
Area : 5.44 km²
Residents : 1211  (June 30, 2019)
Population density : 223 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 64625
Area code : 06251
map
Map of Bensheim with the district of Gronau
View of Gronau in April 2007
View of Gronau in April 2007
The Meerbach in Gronau in spring

Gronau is a district of Bensheim in the Odenwald in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse . Gronau is about 5 km east of Bensheim in the Meerbachtal .

Geographical location

The district road K 58 , which leads from Bensheim via Bensheim-Zell to Gronau, ends here, so that the place is spared from through traffic. Gronau has one of the most beautiful valley ends in the Odenwald. The closest villages are Elmshausen in the north, Knoden and Schannenbach in the east, Ober-Hambach in the southeast, Zell in the west and Schönberg in the northwest.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Gronau was mentioned for the first time with an entry in the Lorsch Codex , an inventory of the Lorsch Monastery . He states that a Gerolt von Grunowe paid interest to the monastery around 1150. The next surviving mention can be found in the list of documents of the Patershausen monastery when knight Rugger von Lindenfels (1210-1220) donated several vineyards in Grunouue to this monastery . Supported by many other donations, the Lorsch Monastery belonged to the 9th-12th Century one of the largest and most powerful Benedictine abbeys in Germany.

When after the decline of the monastery, in 1232 Emperor Friedrich II. The empire abbey Lorsch to the archbishopric Mainz and his bishop Siegfried III. Submitted by Eppstein for reform, the area of ​​the later office of Schönberg , to which Gronau also belonged, was already in the possession of the Count Palatine .

The village of Gronau emerged as a closed street village in a double-sided valley where there is evidence of a mill from 1427. In 1339 Gronau is then used as a fief of the Count Palatine in erbachischen possession. Because this year comes a certificate in the Schenk Konrad von Erbach his wife Kunigunde, nee. Brugge, with will of his lords Pfalzgraf Rudolf , with a quarter of the castle Schoenberg to the slopes belong to Schoenberg, Elmshausen, Wilmshausen, Gronau, cell and Reilenbach (= Raidelbach) bewittumt . The county of Erbach , from 1500 onwards belonged to the Franconian Empire and the taverns of Erbach were elevated to the status of imperial count in 1532. The high jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose highest judge was the burgrave on the Starkenburg (over Heppenheim), first mentioned in 1267 . The lower jurisdiction was exercised by the village court in the name of the Erbach counts, from whom the names of two mayors from the years 1447 (Conz Messerer) and 1663 (Niclaus Gärtner) have been passed down. The Erbachische administration was carried out by the office of Schönberg.

In the Middle Ages the village consisted of 150 to a maximum of 200 inhabitants. The farms were grouped around the church and the manorial farm. Around the village there were still large parts of the old "Aue" (wet meadows), which gave the village its name. In the preserved church registers there are reports of a plague epidemic of the 50 inhabitants for 1503 and thus a third of the population fell victim to many. Further afflictions by the epidemic followed in 1573/1574. 75 people died during this time. Many children and entire families fell victim to the plague. In 1539 the Reformation was introduced in Gronau according to the Lutheran creed . During the period of upheaval, a Jesuit priest worked in Gronau from 1519 to 1539 as a Catholic priest and then until 1559 as a Protestant pastor. With the 30 Years War , which raged from 1618 to 1648, Gronau was also badly affected from 1625 at the latest. As an important north-south connection, the Bergstrasse was repeatedly haunted by the armies of both denominations and completely plundered. The residents of Gronau were victims of hunger, epidemics and attacks by the troops passing through. Only five family names from the time before the war could still be identified at the end of the war. Many farms were deserted and the fields lay fallow. A letter from the pastor in Gronau to Count zu Erbach has been received from 1636, asking for help from starvation. From an ecclesiastical point of view, the parish of Gronau belonged to the Archdiakonat Stift St. Viktor before Mainz of the Bensheimer Landkapitels before the Reformation . In the first church, the oldest evidence of which dates from 1387, the Erbach counts had their burial place. In addition to Gronau, the Gronau parish included the castle and the villages of Schönberg , Wilmshausen , Elmshausen and Zell

After the Thirty Years' War the village slowly improved and new families settled in to till the fields. However, 25 years later, the French Reunion Wars followed , which brought new afflictions to the region. Around 1674, the place again suffered from heavy war taxes and billeting. There are reports of the peasants' flight into the woods, of looting and finally of the robbery of church bells. In the autumn of 1696, during the War of the Palatinate Succession, Schönberg Palace was attacked. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine. At the beginning of the 18th century the village came to rest and a report from 1804 counts 18 farmhouses, 41 craftsmen and day laborers houses and a total of 323 inhabitants. Literally it is reported: “The place has a rich fruit soil, grows wine, produces good fruit, has beautiful private hedges (farm forest) and is prosperous. In addition, several hundred guilders flow to Bensheim every year because of forest freefels committed by local residents. " The relatively large number of families of craftsmen is striking. Eight looms, coopers and other crafts are reported. Some linen weavers were detectable until the end of the 19th century.

In 1717 the Erbach Count's House was divided and Schönberg Palace became the seat of the younger line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August zu Erbach-Schönberg . This received the offices of Schönberg and King and half of the reign of Breuberg . The Erbach-Schönberg line made the castle their place of residence, which gave it its current castle character.

From the 19th century until today

Gronau becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last work of law of the Old Kingdom implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and thus ushered in the end of the Old Kingdom. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the deposition of the imperial crown by Emperor Franz II on August 6, 1806 , with which the Old Empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the “Office of Schönberg”. The office was initially retained as a civil office.

As early as December 9, 1803, the judicial system in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was reorganized through an executive order. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function. The regulations also applied in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, founded in 1806.

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed that the County of Erbach was part of the “Principality of Starkenburg” of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As a result, provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816 and the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg” was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Schönberg being assigned to the district of Lindenfels in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . For the office of Schönberg, the lower jurisdiction was exercised in the name of the landlords by the district administrator. It was not until 1826 that all functions of the former rulers' office in Schönberg were transferred to the state institutions. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at community level, with Gronau receiving its own mayor's office .

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Gronau in 1829:

»Gronau (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran parish village, lies in a beautiful valley, 2 1 ⁄ 2   hours from Lindenfels and belongs to the Count of Erbach-Schönberg. The place has 67 houses and 496 inhabitants, up to 8 reform. and 3 Cath. Lutheran. Of these, 347 belong to the peasant class and 140 to the trade class. There is a church that was expanded in 1827, 1 grinding and oil mill and viticulture. The Counts of Erbach had made the church sentence of Palatinate rejectable. In 1806, Gronau came under Hess. Your Highness. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised so that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Gronau now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district . With the Grand Ducal Government Ordinance No. 37 of December 31, 1839, Gronau was added to the Bensheim district with effect from January 15, 1940 . In it, other places in the Zeller and Schönberger valleys were separated from the Heppenheim district and incorporated into the Bensheim district.

In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today. From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

»Gronau b. Lindenfels. - village with evangel. Parish church, regarding the Kathol. belonging to the parish of Bensheim. - 67 H. 496 E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - Bensheim district. - Landger. Zwingenberg. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Gronau, located in a beautiful valley, belongs to the estate of the Count of Erbach-Schönberg, and has 1 church, 1 meal u. Oil mill and viticulture. The place has only been part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse since 1806. «

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Gronau became part of the Bensheim district again .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Gronau: Lutheran parish village with 548 inhabitants. These include the Klausenmühle and the houses on Gleisberg and Schleifberg. The district consists of 3,078 acres , 969 acres of arable land, 273 acres of meadows, 89 acres of pastures and 1,708 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the parish village of Gronau has its own mayor's office, 85 houses, 514 inhabitants, the district of Bensheim, the district court of Zwingenberg, the Protestant parish of Gronau with the deanery in Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Bensheim des Dean's office Bensheim, indicated. The mill on the Schleifberg (1 house, 10 inhabitants) also belongs to the district. The responsible tax commissioner's office is Zwingenberg of the Bensheim district takers and Bensheim takers. The domain administration consists of the Lindenfels Rent Office, the Lorsch Forestry Office and the Heppenheim Forestry Office.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths.

Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Gronau also had many victims to complain about, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Gronau also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 544  ha , of which 390 ha were forest.

On December 31, 1971, as part of the regional reform in Hesse , Gronau became a district of Bensheim on a voluntary basis and, with its approximately 1300 inhabitants, is one of the larger districts. For Gronau, as for all parts of the city, a local district with a local advisory board and a local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Until the 20th century, the vast majority of the people in Gronau were farmers or winegrowers. Another important employer was a quarry company. Today, as in many villages in the Odenwald, the working population drives to their external workplaces by car.

Courts in Hessen

The competent jurisdiction was the municipal office of Schönberg until 1822, while it was part of Hesse . From 1822 to 1826 Gronau belonged to the district court of Schönberg in which the lower jurisdiction was exercised by the district administrator on behalf of the landlord. From 1826 these functions were assigned to the Fürth district court . Gronau was spun off there in the course of its assignment to the Bensheim district in 1839 and came to the Zwingenberg district court . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the District Court of Zwingenberg and assigned to the district of the Regional Court of Darmstadt .

On May 1, 1902, the Bensheim District Court was rebuilt and the places Bensheim, Elmshausen, Gadernheim, Gronau, Lautern, Raidelbach, Reichenbach, Schönberg, Wilmshausen and Zell formed the new judicial district.

Origin of name

Documented as Grunouue around 1200, as Gruna in 1443, as Gronau in 1602 and as Grunaw in 1640.

The Latin designation of origin for 1615 is: Grunaviensis .

Meaning:

  • Link 1: German: green 'one color'
  • Link 2: Old New High German: aue 'tree-lined landscape by the water'

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Gronau was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1829: 496 inhabitants, 67 houses
• 1867: 514 inhabitants, 85 houses
Gronau: Population from 1829 to 2019
year     Residents
1829
  
 496
1834
  
 532
1840
  
 528
1846
  
 536
1852
  
 548
1858
  
 504
1864
  
 514
1871
  
 517
1875
  
 520
1885
  
 486
1895
  
 477
1905
  
 530
1910
  
 512
1925
  
 517
1939
  
 502
1946
  
 727
1950
  
 756
1956
  
 688
1961
  
 704
1967
  
 779
1970
  
 802
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2007
  
 1,248
2010
  
 1,227
2011
  
 1,203
2015
  
 1,216
2019
  
 1,228
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; City of Bensheim :; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 455 Lutheran (= 97.01%), 3 Catholic (= 0.64%), 8 Reformed (= 1.71%) residents
• 1961: 515 Protestant (= 73.15%), 149 Catholic (= 21.16%) residents

politics

For Gronau, there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Fehlheim) with a local advisory board and local mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had six members of the “Independent Voting Community Gronau” (UWG) and one non-party member. Mayor is Stefan Hebenstreit (UWG).

Culture and sights

  • The entire old town center is a listed building.
  • The Protestant St. Anna Church was planned by Ignaz Opfermann and completed in 1834.
  • The old Gronau elementary school was built in 1814. The old town hall and school house is on the village square, also called the Römer , opposite the village church. The classroom was also the hall of the town hall. There was also a teacher's apartment in the building. The old town hall and the new one was built in 1884. But the number of schoolchildren in Gronau had increased so much by 1902 that there were no longer enough seats. It was therefore necessary to set up a second school.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Bensheim-Gronau  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Gronau, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Bensheim in numbers (only residents with main residence). In: website. City of Bensheim, accessed July 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 241 .
  4. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 641-642 .
  5. ↑ a b c d E. Kühner: From the history of the village of Gronau near Bensheim an der Bergstrasse. ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Gustav Simon: The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country , Verlag Brönner, Frankfurt a. M. 1858, p. 139ff ( online at Google Books )
  7. ^ Manfred Schaarschmidt: The history of Schönberg. January 2003, archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; accessed on October 15, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Announcement, the administration of the district administration's business and the judiciary of the first instance in the former office of Schönberg on July 7, 1826 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1826 no. 17 , p. 178 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 36,9 MB ]).
  9. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 88 ( online at google books ).
  10. ↑ District change with regard to the Bensheim and Heppenheim districts, ... from December 26, 1839 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1839 no. 37 , p. 480 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 72.2 MB ]).
  11. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 482 f . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  16. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 10 ( online at google books ).
  17. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 54 ( online at google books ).
  18. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Biblis timetable. In: website. Biblis community, accessed December 2016 .
  20. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  21. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  22. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 69 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed February 2019 .
  23. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  24. ^ Announcement regarding the establishment of a local court in Bensheim on March 26, 1902 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1902 no. 19 , p. 154 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 29.1 MB ]).
  25. ^ Heinrich Tischner: settlement names between the Rhine, Main, Neckar and Itter. December 24, 2009, accessed May 6, 2013 .
  26. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  27. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  28. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 32 ( online at google books ).
  29. ^ District monitoring. (PDF; 280 kB) Key figures Gronau. City of Bensheim, p. 21 , accessed July 2019 .
  30. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  31. ^ UWG candidates for the local advisory board. In: fnweb. Fränkische Nachrichten Verlags-GmbH, accessed December 2019 .
  32. ↑ Result of the local advisory board Gronau 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  33. ↑ Local Advisory Board 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  34. ↑ The old Gronau elementary school. In: www.stadtkultur-bensheim.de. Owned by Stadtkultur Bensheim, accessed in December 2016 .