Wilmshausen

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Wilmshausen
City of Bensheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 43 "  N , 8 ° 39 ′ 54"  E
Height : 157 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.26 km²
Residents : 692  (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 547 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1972
Incorporated into: Bensheim (previously: Elmshausen - 1907)
Postal code : 64625
Area code : 06251
map
Map of Bensheim with the Wilmshausen district

Wilmshausen is a district of Bensheim in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

The district of Bensheim with around 650 inhabitants is located in the Lauter valley on federal road 47 , known as Nibelungenstrasse , which runs through the town center. Wilmshausen, also known as the "gateway to the Odenwald ", is located near the Bergstrasse in the middle of a hilly landscape between the Flechtenberg and the Mühlberg . The surrounding landscape belongs to the Geo-Naturpark Bergstrasse-Odenwald . The neighboring villages are Schönberg in the west, Hochstädten in the north, Elmshausen in the northeast and Gronau in the south. Wilmshauen is the starting point for many excursions and riding u. Hiking trails.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The first written mention of the place took place in 1329 under the name Wykelmshusen [viːləms' huːsə] in the document book of Wüstamorbach (today Wald-Amorbach ). The next surviving mention was in 1339 under the name Wilmelshusen , when Count Palatine Rudolf II. Bei Rhein, Duke of Bavaria , approved the Wittum for Kunigunde von Brugge, wife of the donor Konrad V the Younger von Erbach-Erbach. It was 2,000 pounds Heller and consisted of the fourth part of all income from Schönberg Castle , as well as the annual income in the villages of Schönberg, Elmshausen ( Elmshusen ), Wilmshausen ( Wilmelshusen ), Reichenbach ( Richenbach ), Hohenstein, Mitlechtern ( Mittelechter ), Mittershausen ( Mittershusen ), Gronau ( Grünowe ) and Zell ( cell ). Which means that the mentioned places were owned by the Counts of Erbach as a Palatinate fiefdom , which was confirmed several times in later fiefdoms .

The Lautertal region was part of the “Mark Heppenheim” that Charlemagne and Heppenheim gave to the imperial monastery of Lorsch on January 20, 773 . When after the decline of the monastery, in 1232 Emperor Friedrich II. The empire abbey Lorsch to the archbishopric Mainz and his bishop Siegfried III. Von Eppstein transferred to reform, the area of ​​the later office of Schönberg , to which Wilmshausen also belonged, was in the possession of the Count Palatine . The village emerged as a closed cluster village with a closed valley on both sides.

The county of Erbach , from 1500 onwards belonged to the Franconian Empire and the taverns of Erbach were elevated to the status of imperial count in 1532. The high jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose highest judge was the burgrave on the Starkenburg (over Heppenheim), first mentioned in 1267 . The lower jurisdiction belonged to the Vogtei in Schönberg , which it owned as a fiefdom of the Palatinate.

In the course of the Bavarian feud in 1504, Schönberg Castle and the entire Lauter valley were devastated by the troops of the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm . As executor of the imperial ban imposed on the Electoral Palatinate, he led a campaign against the Electoral Palatinate and its allies, including the Counts of Erbach. After the armistice concluded in 1504, the taverns in Erbach complained against the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm to surrender the castle. In 1507, Emperor Maximilian referred this complaint to the Imperial Court of Justice. The dispute ended in 1510 with a settlement after the castle was returned to the taverns of Erbach, but subject to permanent opening for Hesse.

In the 16th century the Reformation also found its way into the Odenwald and in 1544 the Counts of Erbach introduced the Lutheran creed for their county , which the subjects had to follow. Before the Reformation, Wilmshausen belonged to the parish of Bensheim and then to the Lutheran parish of Gronau. The Erbach lordship received the large and small tithe in Wilmshausen. In addition, they still had slopes and several courtyards in the village.

After the devastation in the Bavarian feud, the places in the Lautertal were able to recover until the Thirty Years War , which began in 1618. By 1622 at the latest, Wilmshausen also had to suffer from the war, when League troops raided and plundered the places in the Lautertal several times. In the mid-1630s, the Swedish-French War was the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. When peace was signed in 1648, the population in the region had shrunk to a quarter, and many villages were deserted for years. After a short period of peace, the French Reunion Wars followed , which brought new afflictions to the region. In the autumn of 1696, during the War of the Palatinate Succession, Schönberg Palace was attacked. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

In 1717 the Erbach Count's House was divided and Schönberg Palace became the seat of the younger line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August zu Erbach-Schönberg . This received the offices of Schönberg and King and half of the reign of Breuberg . The Erbach-Schönberg line made the castle their place of residence, which gave it its current castle character.

From the 19th century until today

Wilmshausen becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last set of laws of the old empire implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and ushered in the end of the old empire. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the “Office of Schönberg”. The office was initially retained as a civil office.

As early as December 9, 1803, the judicial system in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was reorganized through an executive order. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function. The regulations also applied in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, founded in 1806.

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed that the County of Erbach was part of the “Principality of Starkenburg” of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As a result, provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816 and the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg” was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained partially until 1848 exist.

In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Schönberg being assigned to the district of Lindenfels in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . For the office of Schönberg, the lower jurisdiction was exercised in the name of the landlords by the district administrator. It was not until 1826 that all functions of the former rulers' office in Schönberg were transferred to the state institutions. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Elmshausen was also responsible for Wilmshausen. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Wilmshausen in 1829:

»Wilmshausen (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf; also Wilhelmshausen; is 2½ hours from Lindenfels on the Lauter or Ziegelbach and belongs to the Count of Erbach-Schönberg. The place has 15 houses and 103 Lutheran inhabitants - there is 1 paper mill and 1 grinding mill. Wilmshausen came under Hess in 1806. Your Highness. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Wilmshausen now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district . With the Grand Ducal Government Ordinance No. 37 of December 31, 1839, Wilmshausen was added to the Bensheim district with effect from January 15, 1840 . In it, other places in the Zeller and Schönberger valleys were separated from the Heppenheim district and incorporated into the Bensheim district.

In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today. From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

“Wilmshausen near Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish of Gronau, resp. Catholic parish of Bensheim. - 15 H. 103 Lutheran E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Bensheim district. - District Court of Zwingenberg. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Wilmshausen or Wilhelmshausen, located on Lauterbach or Ziegelbach, belongs to the rulership of the Count of Erbach-Schönberg, has 1 paper and 1 grinding mill and was subordinated to the sovereignty of the Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806. «

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Wilmshausen became part of the Bensheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Wilmshausen: Lutheran branch village with 144 inhabitants. This includes the Falkischer Hof near Schönberg. The district consists of 505 acres , including 337 acres of arable land, 45 acres of meadows and 90 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Filialdorf Wilmshausen with the mayor's office in Elmshausen, 21 houses, 133 inhabitants, the district of Bensheim, the regional court of Zwingenberg, the Protestant parish of Gronau with the deanery in Lindenfels and the Catholic parish Bensheim of the Dean's Office Bensheim. The community also included the Falkische Hof bei Schönberg (1 house, 13 inh.) And the Mass or Link'sche Mühle (1 house, 5 in.). The communities Wilmshausen and Elmshausen formed a common district. The responsible tax commissioner's office was Zwingenberg of the Bensheim district takers and Bensheim takers. The domain administration consisted of the Lindenfels Rent Office, the Jugenheim Forestry Office with the Zwingenberg Forestry Department.

Recent history

In 1900, the population of the two sister communities was counted as 797 for Elmshausen and 223 for Wilmshausen. Around 1907/1910 Wilmshausen was then incorporated as a district after Elmshausen. The common history and administration with Elmshausen had existed in Hesse until the regional reform . In the course of the territorial reform, the ways of Wilmshausen and Elmshausen parted again because of their different interests. On December 31, 1971, Wilmshausen was incorporated into Bensheim, while Elmshausen became part of the Lautertal community . For Wilmshausen, a local district with local advisory board and mayor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

In 1984 and 1993, the place took third and fourth place in the competition Our village should be more beautiful within Hesse and in 1998 the silver medal at the federal level.

Courts in Hessen

The competent jurisdiction was the municipal office of Schönberg until 1822, while it was part of Hesse . From 1822 to 1826 Gronau belonged to the district court of Schönberg in which the lower jurisdiction was exercised by the district administrator on behalf of the landlord. From 1826 these functions were assigned to the Fürth district court . Raidelbach was spun off again in the course of the assignment to the district of Bensheim in 1839 and came to the regional court of Zwingenberg . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the District Court of Zwingenberg and assigned to the district of the Regional Court of Darmstadt .

On May 1, 1902, the Bensheim District Court was rebuilt and the places Bensheim, Elmshausen, Gadernheim , Gronau, Lautern , Raidelbach, Reichenbach, Schönberg, Wilmshausen and Zell formed the new judicial district.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Wilmshausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

 Source: City of Bensheim

  • 1829: 103 inhabitants, 15 houses
  • 1867: 151 inhabitants, 23 houses
  • 1970: 953 inhabitants
  • 2007: 684 inhabitants
  • 2010: 650 inhabitants
  • 2011: 633 inhabitants (2011 census)
  • 2015: 658 inhabitants
  • 2019: 692 inhabitants
  • 2032: 570 inhabitants (forecast)

politics

For Wilmshausen there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Wilmshausen) with a local advisory board and mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had four members of the CSU and three members of the SPD . The mayor is Tobias Kindinger (CDU).

Sights and culture

  • Every year, the second weekend in July, the Rosenkerb takes place with the traditionally performed Kerweredd (dialect for church fair speech ). This event on the village square inspires young and old alike and is also well known in the area.
  • The "Dorfplatzfest" is traditionally celebrated on the second Saturday in June. There are alternating specialties such as roll roast or similar. The organizer is the SPD Wilmshausen.
  • This finances the annual Nikolausfeier for the children in the district.
  • Further attractions of the tranquil village are the Easter egg hunt with the throwing of eggs by the Wilmshausen Culture and Beautification Association on Easter Monday and the "Mühlberg Festival " by the Wilmshausen volunteer fire department on the third weekend in August.
  • For the Christmas tree campaign in 2009 on the market square (Bensheim) , the fir was felled in Wilmshausen and transported on federal road 47 . The specialty of the action is based on the dimensions of the fir tree: 23.70 m high, trunk circumference 2.80 m and accordingly heavy. The campaign was organized by the Bensheim Aktiv association .
  • A number of buildings are listed. See the list of cultural monuments in Wilmshausen .

Infrastructure

Bensheim-Wilmshausen and Schönberg have had their own community center at the western entrance to Wilmshausen since 1982.

The village is in the school district of the central school (MPS) Gadernheim. The children go to primary school in Elmshausen up to 4th grade. The "Leuchtturm" daycare center is located in Wilmshausen. There are very good connections to local public transport through the federal highway 47 . In the middle of the old town center there is also a large riding stables.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bensheim in numbers (only residents with main residence). In: website. City of Bensheim, accessed July 2019 .
  2. ^ Heinrich Tischner: settlement names between the Rhine, Main, Neckar and Itter: Wilmshausen. Accessed December 2019 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 850 .
  4. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 159 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  5. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 641-642 .
  6. ^ A b Gustav Simon: The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country , Verlag Brönner, Frankfurt a. M. 1858, p. 139ff ( online at Google Books )
  7. ^ Manfred Schaarschmidt: The history of Schönberg. January 2003, archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; accessed on October 15, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Announcement, the administration of the district administration's business and the judiciary of the first instance in the former office of Schönberg on July 7, 1826 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1826 no. 17 , p. 178 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 36,9 MB ]).
  9. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  10. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 260 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ District change with regard to the Bensheim and Heppenheim districts, ... from December 26, 1839 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1839 no. 37 , p. 480 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 72.2 MB ]).
  12. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (pdf 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  13. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 791 f . ( Online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  15. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  16. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  17. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 300 ( online at google books ).
  18. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 52 ( online at google books )
  19. ^ Bensheim district. In: Municipal Directory 1900. Private website, accessed December 2019 .
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  21. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 69 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed February 2019 .
  22. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  23. ^ Announcement regarding the establishment of a local court in Bensheim on March 26, 1902 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1902 no. 19 , p. 154 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 29.1 MB ]).
  24. ↑ a b Wilmshausen, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 23, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  25. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  26. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  27. ^ District monitoring. (PDF; 280 kB) Key figures Wilmshausen. City of Bensheim, p. 41 , accessed July 2019 .
  28. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 94 ( online at google books ).
  29. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  30. ^ Result of the local advisory board Wilmshausen 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  31. ↑ Local Advisory Board 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  32. ↑ Noble fir becomes a Christmas star. (No longer available online.) In: Echo-Online, Bensheim. Echo Newspapers GmbH, November 2009, archived from the original .;
  33. ↑ Chronicle of Bensheim-Schönberg. (No longer available online.) In: www.bensheim-schoenberg.de. January 2007, archived from the original .;