Raidelbach

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Raidelbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 42 ′ 28 "  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 56"  E
Height : 410 m above sea level NN
Area : 1.98 km²
Residents : 110  (Jun 30, 2013)
Population density : 56 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Incorporated into: Gadernheim
Postal code : 64686
Area code : 06254

Raidelbach is a district of the Lautertal community in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Raidelbach is located in the Vorderen Odenwald in the headwaters of the stream of the same name on an agriculturally used plateau (400-430 m) and east of the core community of Reichenbach . The location essentially consists of a few scattered farms and a number of other houses.

The closest localities are Reichenbach in the west, Lautern in the north-west, Gadernheim in the north, Kolmbach in the east, Glattbach in the south- east and Breitenwiesen in the south .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The earliest surviving documentary mention as Reilenbach as an accessory to Schönberg Castle comes from the year 1339. The place was created under the influence of the imperial monastery Lorsch , which was supported by many donations in the 9th – 12th centuries. Century was one of the largest and most powerful Benedictine abbeys in Germany. When after the decline of the monastery in 1232 Emperor Friedrich II. The empire abbey Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. Von Eppstein transferred to reform, the area of ​​the later office of Schönberg , which also included Raidelbach, was already in the possession of the Count Palatine . In the 14th century Raidelbach belonged to the Thalzent of the Palatinate Office Lindenfels , which was subordinate to the Oberamt Heidelberg.

The village emerged from individual houses in a double-sided valley location, where in 1439 seven residents had to pay an estimate of 30  florins to the Lindenfels winery . Of this, the mayor received 10 florins, which suggests seven Hubgüter . Another indication of the size of Raidelbachs dates from 1488, when the Electoral Palatinate obtained “ Bede ”, “Hubhafer” and two thirds of the large and small tithe from 32 Huben in the villages of Gadernheim , Lautern and Reilenbach . In addition, the Electoral Palatinate exercised in these villages " main rights ( handover on death to the lord of the body) , stove right (handover on death to the landlord), outrage (fine and fine) and accidents (right to damaged cargo)". The high jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose highest judge was the burgrave on the Starkenburg (over Heppenheim), first mentioned in 1267 . At that time Raidelbach belonged with Lautern to the Palatinate village court in Gadernheim . It has been handed down from 1601 that the three villages had a village court with a mayor and that the shark court was held in Reichenbach . In 1607 court was held for the first time in the new town hall in Gadernheim by the bailiff of the office of Schönberg.

In the meantime, the county of Erbach had established itself in the vicinity of Raidelbach , as can be seen from a document from 1339. There the donor Konrad von Erbach approved his wife Kunigunde, née von Brugge, with the will of his feudal lord Palatine Count Rudolf , with a quarter of Schönberg Castle, which includes slopes in Schönberg, Elmshausen, Wilmshausen, Gronau, Zell and Reilenbach. The county of Erbach , from 1500 onwards belonged to the Franconian Empire and the taverns of Erbach were elevated to the status of imperial count in 1532.

In the course of the Bavarian feud in 1504, Schönberg Castle and the entire Lauter valley were devastated by the troops of Landgrave Wilhelm . As executor of the imperial ban imposed on the Electoral Palatinate, he led a campaign against the Electoral Palatinate and its allies, including the Counts of Erbach .

In the 16th century, the Reformation also found its way into the Odenwald. By 1544 the Counts of Erbach had introduced the Lutheran creed for their county , and the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. At that time the subjects also had to follow their rulers in matters of faith. Before the Reformation, Raidelbach belonged to the Bensheimer Landkapitel and became part of the Reichenbach parish after the Reformation .

Since there were several incidents in the border area between the Electoral Palatinate and the County of Erbach due to the confusing territorial affiliation, the Palatinate Elector Friedrich III came to an agreement on June 4, 1561 . with the brothers Georg, Eberhard and Valentin, Counts of Erbach, about an area swap. As a result, the villages of Lautern, Gadernheim and Raidelbach ( Reilenbach ) , which belong to the Palatinate Thalzent , as well as the share in Reichenbach came to the County of Erbach and the Erbach villages of Mittershausen, Mitlechtern, Scheuerberg, Schannenbach, Knoden, Breitenwiesen and Oberlaudenbach to the Palatinate. There they formed the Neu-Zent of the Lindenfels Office . The Erbach villages remained a fiefdom of the Palatinate. The Erbachische administration and lower jurisdiction now took place through the office Schönberg , the higher jurisdiction, however, remained with the Zent Heppenheim .

After the devastation in the Bavarian feud, the office of Schönberg was able to recover until the Thirty Years War , which began in 1618. In the last years of peace in particular, there was lively construction activity in Schönberg Palace and the villages. In 1622 at the latest, however, the office of Schönberg also suffered from the war, when the office was raided and plundered several times by the league troops . In the mid-1630s, the Swedish-French War was the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. When peace was signed in 1648, the population in the region had shrunk to a quarter, and many villages were deserted for years. After a short period of peace, the French Reunion Wars followed , which brought new afflictions to the region. In the autumn of 1696, during the War of the Palatinate Succession, Schönberg Palace was attacked. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

In 1717 the Erbach Count's House was divided and Schönberg Palace became the seat of the younger line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August zu Erbach-Schönberg . This received the offices of Schönberg and King and half of the reign of Breuberg . The Erbach-Schönberg line made the castle their place of residence, which gave it its current castle character.

From the 19th century until today

Raidelbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last work of law of the Old Kingdom implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and thus ushered in the end of the Old Kingdom. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the Old Empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the “Office of Schönberg”. The office was initially retained as a civil office.

As early as December 9, 1803, the judicial system in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was reorganized through an executive order. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function. The regulations also applied in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, founded in 1806.

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed that the County of Erbach was part of the “Principality of Starkenburg” of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As a result, provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816 and the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg” was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained partially until 1848 exist.

In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Schönberg being assigned to the district of Lindenfels in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . For the office of Schönberg, the lower jurisdiction was exercised in the name of the landlords by the district administrator. It was not until 1826 that all functions of the former rulers' office in Schönberg were transferred to the state institutions. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Gadernheim was also responsible for Raidelbach and Lautern. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Raidelbach in 1829:

»Raidelbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf; Railbach is also 1 St. von Lindenfels, belongs to the Count of Erbach-Schönberg, has 9 houses and 77 inhabitants, which are reformed up to 9. are Lutheran. The place is divided into Ober- and Niederraidelbach. - In 1561 Raidelbach was exchanged from Churpfalz to Erbach and in 1806 under Hess. Your Highness. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised so that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Raidelbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district . With the Grand Ducal Government Ordinance No. 37 of December 31, 1839, Raidelbach was added to the Bensheim district with effect from January 15, 1840 . In it, other places in the Zeller and Schönberger valleys were separated from the Heppenheim district and incorporated into the Bensheim district.

In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today. From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

»Raidelbach (Upper and Lower Raidelbach). - village, for evangel. Parish Reichenbach, resp. Catholic parish of Lindenfels. - 9 H. 77 evangel. Pop. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Bensheim district. - Landger. Zwingenberg. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The village of Raidelbach, belonging to the rulership of the Counts of Erbach-Schönberg, splits up into Oder- and Nieder-Raidelbach and in 1806 is the Grand Duke. Hessian sovereignty has been subjected. Earlier, before 1561, when the place was first exchanged for the Erbach house, it belonged to Churpfalz. "

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Raidelbach became part of the Bensheim district again .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Raidelbach: Lutheran branch village with 74 inhabitants. The district consists of 809 acres , of which 443 acres are arable land, 181 acres of meadows and 169 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Raidelbach branch with the mayor's office in Gadernheim, 10 houses, 88 inhabitants, the Bensheim district, the Zwingenberg district court, the Protestant parish Reichenbach with the deanery in Lindenfels and the Catholic parish are recorded Lindenfels of the Deanery Heppenheim. The responsible tax commissioner's office was Zwingenberg of the Bensheim district takers and Bensheim takers. The domain administration consisted of the Lindenfels Rent Office, the Jugenheim Forestry Office and the Ernsthofen Forest District.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths.

Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Raidelbach too had many casualties, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 202  hectares , 169 hectares of which were forest.

In the course of the regional reform in Hesse on December 31, 1970, the municipality of Raidelbach and Kolmbach were voluntarily incorporated into Gadernheim . Exactly one year later the association of these three places was dissolved again. Gadernheim and Raidelbach became the founding communities of the Lautertal community, in which they were absorbed on December 31, 1971, while Kolmbach came to Lindenfels .

Courts in Hessen

The competent jurisdiction was the municipal office of Schönberg until 1822, while it was part of Hesse . From 1822 to 1826 Gronau belonged to the district court of Schönberg in which the lower jurisdiction was exercised by the district administrator on behalf of the landlord. From 1826 these functions were assigned to the Fürth district court . Raidelbach was spun off again in the course of the assignment to the district of Bensheim in 1839 and came to the regional court of Zwingenberg . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the District Court of Zwingenberg and assigned to the district of the Regional Court of Darmstadt .

On May 1, 1902, the Bensheim District Court was rebuilt and the places Bensheim, Elmshausen, Gadernheim, Gronau, Lautern, Raidelbach, Reichenbach, Schönberg, Wilmshausen and Zell formed the new judicial district.

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1439: 7 residents
• 1961: 65 Protestant (= 97.01%), 2 Catholic (= 2.99%) residents
Raidelbach: Population from 1829 to 2013
year     Residents
1829
  
 77
1834
  
 77
1840
  
 75
1846
  
 67
1852
  
 74
1858
  
 82
1864
  
 83
1871
  
 80
1875
  
 77
1885
  
 89
1895
  
 95
1905
  
 87
1910
  
 84
1925
  
 89
1939
  
 82
1946
  
 130
1950
  
 124
1956
  
 85
1961
  
 67
1967
  
 60
1970
  
 63
1980
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2013
  
 110
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

traffic

The district roads K 210 and K 55 run through Raidelbach, which branch off in or near Gadernheim from the federal road 47 known as Nibelungenstrasse and lead via Breitenwiesen and Knoden to Schannenbach .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Raidelbach district. In: Website of the Lautertal community. Accessed August 2020.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 641–642
  3. ^ A b c Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, p. 569
  4. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, pp. 209-210
  5. ↑ Gustav Simon: The history of the dynasts and counts of Erbach and their country , Verlag Brönner, Frankfurt a. M. 1858, p. 147ff ( online at Google Books )
  6. ^ Manfred Schaarschmidt: The history of Schönberg. January 2003, archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; accessed on October 15, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Announcement, the administration of the district administration's business and the judiciary of the first instance in the former office of Schönberg on July 7, 1826 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. p. 178 )
  8. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  9. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, p. 193 ( online at Google Books ).
  10. ↑ District change with regard to the Bensheim and Heppenheim districts, ... from December 26, 1839 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1839 no. 37 , p. 480 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 72.2 MB ]).
  11. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 381 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  16. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 297 ( online at google books )
  17. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 52 ( online at google books )
  18. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Timeline on the website of the municipality of Biblis , accessed on December 1, 2014
  20. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  21. ↑ a b c d Raidelbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  22. ↑ Incorporation of the communities Kolmbach and Raidelbach into the community Gadernheim in the Bergstrasse district on January 5, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 110 , point 116 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  23. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  24. ^ Announcement regarding the establishment of a local court in Bensheim on March 26, 1902 . In: Grand Ducal Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1902 no. 19 , p. 154 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 29.1 MB ]).