Kolmbach

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Kolmbach
City of Lindenfels
Coordinates: 49 ° 42 ′ 29 "  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 23"  E
Height : 409 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.39 km²
Residents : 555  (December 31, 2012)
Population density : 232 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Incorporated into: Gadernheim
Postal code : 64678
Area code : 06254

Kolmbach is a district of Lindenfels in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse in the Odenwald .

The place is on the federal highway 47 , known here as Nibelungenstrasse , embedded in the low mountain range of the Vorderen Odenwald .

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

Kolmbach arose in the area of ​​the former "Mark Heppenheim", which referred to an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive "Mark Heppenheim", to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Kolmbach was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archdiocese of Mainz . In 1461, Kurmainz pledged these properties to the Electoral Palatinate . This changed to the Protestant faith in 1556 and closed the monastery in 1564.

The village was first mentioned around 1100 as Columbach in the Lorsch Codex , a list of goods belonging to the Lorsch Monastery . During this time 11 hubs belonged to the courtyard of the Lorsch Monastery in Fürth ( villicatio Fürth ).

In 1232, Emperor Friedrich II subordinated the imperial abbey of Lorsch to the Archdiocese of Mainz and its bishop Siegfried III. von Eppstein on reform. The Benedictines opposed the ordered reform and therefore had to leave the abbey. They were replaced by Cistercians from the Eberbach monastery and in 1248 by Premonstratensians from the Allerheiligen monastery . From this point on, the monastery was continued as a provost's office.

In 1267, a burgrave is mentioned for the first time on the Starkenburg (via Heppenheim), who also administered the "Office Starkenburg" , to which Kolmbach was one. The Zent Fürth developed as a court and subordinate administrative unit, the oldest surviving description of which dates from 1613. Kolmbach is also mentioned here. The "Zent Fürth" was one of the few Zenten that were also allowed to exercise the high jurisdiction (including blood jurisdiction ). Kolmbach was a branch of the parish in Fürth and belonged to the Bensheimer (also Bergstrasse) regional chapter .

In the course of the Mainz collegiate feud , which was fateful for Kurmainz , the Starkenburg office was pledged redeemable to Kurpfalz and then remained in the Palatinate for 160 years. Count Palatine Friedrich had the “Amt Starkenburg” pledged for his support from Archbishop Dieter - in the “Weinheimer Bund” concluded by the Electors on November 19, 1461 - whereby Kurmainz received the right to redeem the pledge for 100,000 pounds.

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. As a result of the Reformation, the Electoral Palatinate abolished Lorsch Abbey in 1564. The existing rights such as tithe , basic interest, validity and gradient of the Lorsch monastery were from then on perceived and administered by the "Oberschaffnerei Lorsch". Kolmbach became a branch of the reformed parish Schlierbach.

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), Spanish troops of the “Catholic League” conquered the region and in 1623 restored the rule of Kurmainz. As a result, the Reformation introduced by the Count Palatine was largely reversed and the population had to return to the Catholic faith. Although the Spanish troops withdrew from the approaching Swedes after 10 years, after the catastrophic defeat of the Evangelicals in the Nördlingen in 1634, the Swedes also left the Bergstrasse and with the Swedish-French War began the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War from 1635. The chroniclers of that time report from the region: "Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty". With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, the redemption of the pledge was finally established. The place became a branch of the Catholic parish of Fürth of the Bensheimer Landkapitels . In 1668 there are reports of 10½ hubs.

When there was a restructuring in the area of ​​the Kurmainzer Amt Starkenburg in 1782 , the area of ​​the office was divided into the four subordinate district bailiffs Heppenheim, Bensheim, Lorsch and Fürth and the office was renamed Oberamt. The centers of Abtsteinach , Mörlenbach and Fürth, where Kolmbach was located, were subordinated to the Fürth District Bailiwick and had to largely surrender their powers. Although the central order with the central school remained formally in place, it could only carry out the orders of the higher authorities ( Oberamt Starkenburg , Unteramt Fürth). The “Oberamt Starkenburg” administratively belonged to the “Lower Archbishopric” of the Electorate of Mainz .

From the 19th century until today

Kolmbach becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the “ Left Bank of the Rhine ” and thus the left bank of the Rhine from Kurmainz was annexed by France as early as 1797 . In its last session in February 1803, the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg passed the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and reorganized the territorial relations in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . The Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was awarded parts of the dissolved principalities of Kurmainz , Electoral Palatinate and Worms as compensation for lost areas on the right bank of the Rhine . The Oberamt Starkenburg and with it Kolmbach also came to Hessen-Darmstadt. There the "Amtsvogtei Fürth" was initially continued as a Hessian office while the Oberamt Starkenburg was dissolved in 1805.

The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this, the " Zent Fürth " and the associated regional court had finally lost its function.

Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion.

The historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau, describes Kolmbach as the place of the " Zent Fürth " in 1812 :

»Kollenbach or Kohlenbach a village near the origin of the Thalbach, which falls into the Weschnitz near Fürth. It consists of 9 H. with 11 houses and 92 selenium. It is 2 hours north of Fürth and has a land tariff. "

After Napoleon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were established in the Grand Duchy. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Kolmbach becoming part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also regulated the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Schlierbach was also responsible for Kolmbach, Glattbach , Seidenbach , Seidenbuch and Winkel . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Kolmbach in 1829:

»Kolmbach (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. Filialborf, lies at the origin of the Thalbach, 3 ⁄ 4  St. from Lindenfels and 2 St. from Fürth. Kolmbach also called Kollenbach, consists of 13 houses and 96 Ein., The except 7 Luth. and 22 Reform., are Catholic. Among these are 9 farmers, 1 artisan and 1 day laborer. In 1802 the village of Mainz came to Hesse. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Kolmbach now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

“Kolmbach near Lindenfels. - village, for evangel. Parish Schlierbach, resp. Catholic parish of Fürth. - 13 H. 96 (mostly Catholic) E. - Großherzogth. Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - District of Heppenheim. - Fürth district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Kolmbach, also called Kollenbach, at the origin of the Thalbach, passed from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. «

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Kolmbach became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Kolmbach: A Catholic branch village with 189 inhabitants. The district consisted of 952 acres , of which 535 acres were arable land, 161 acres of meadows and 227 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Filialdorf Kolmbach with its own mayor's office, 23 houses, 201 residents, the Lindenfels district, the Fürth district court, the Protestant Reformed parish Schlierbach and the Lutheran parish Reichenbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish of Fürth of the dean's office in Heppenheim. The mayor's office in Kolmbach was also responsible for Glattbach (25 houses, 208 inhabitants) and the Jägerhütte farm (one house, 6 inhabitants).

From 1839 the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thus creating an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the incorporation of Kolmbach into the Bensheim district .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out and put an end to the positive economic development throughout the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Kolmbach also had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

As the population figures from 1939 to 1950 show, Kolmbach also had to cope with many refugees and displaced persons from the former German eastern regions after the war .

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 139  hectares , 45 hectares of which were forest.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the community voluntarily joined the community of Gadernheim on December 31, 1970, but broke away from this connection a little later and became a district of Lindenfels on December 31, 1971. For Kolmbach, as for all the towns incorporated into Lindenfels, a local district with a local advisory board and a local councilor was set up in accordance with the Hessian municipal code.

Kolmbach was included in the village renewal program in 2001 .

Courts in Hessen

In 1813, jurisdiction was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Fürth Local Court and assigned to the district of the Regional Court Darmstadt .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Kolmbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1806: 75 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1812: 92 inhabitants, 11 houses
• 1829: 96 inhabitants, 13 houses
• 1867: 201 inhabitants, 23 houses
Kolmbach: Population from 1806 to 2012
year     Residents
1806
  
 75
1812
  
 92
1829
  
 96
1834
  
 120
1840
  
 146
1846
  
 169
1852
  
 186
1858
  
 203
1864
  
 188
1871
  
 183
1875
  
 199
1885
  
 214
1895
  
 246
1905
  
 288
1910
  
 302
1925
  
 268
1939
  
 236
1946
  
 301
1950
  
 333
1956
  
 292
1961
  
 280
1967
  
 337
1970
  
 366
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 495
2006
  
 554
2011
  
 507
2012
  
 493
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2000 ; 2006 ; 2012 : City of Lindenfels from web archive; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 7 Lutheran (= 7.29%), 22 Reformed (= 22.92%) and 67 Catholic (= 69.79%) residents
• 1961: 150 Protestant (= 53.57%), 130 Catholic (= 46.43%) residents

politics

For Kolmbach there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Kolmbach) with a local advisory board and a local mayor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. After the local elections in 2016, it was composed of two representatives from the LWG / CDU and five representatives from the SPD . The mayor is Kurt Dersch (SPD).

Culture and sights

The Catholic chapel Heilig Blut , which was built in 1961 and rises on the slope of the Kapellenberg , became the landmark of Kolmbach .

literature

  • Georg W. Wager: October 1829: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1
  • Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854. ( Online at google books )
  • Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858 ( online at google books ).

Web links

Commons : Kolmbach (Lindenfels)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Figures, data, facts. In: website. City of Lindenfels, accessed October 2019 .
  2. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 140, Reg. 3627. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 193 , accessed on May 4, 2019 .
  3. ^ A b Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 238 .
  4. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 45 ( online at google books ).
  5. ^ Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 178 ff . ( Online at google books ). ( online at google books )
  6. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 60 ( online at google books ).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Kolmbach, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b Johann Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch or church history of the Upper Rhinegau . Darmstadt 1812, OCLC 162251605 , p. 242 ( online at google books ).
  10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 129 ( online at google books ).
  12. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 1 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810696 , p. 793 ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  14. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 344 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 50 ( online at google books ).
  17. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  18. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  20. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  21. ↑ Incorporation of the communities Kolmbach and Raidelbach into the community Gadernheim in the Bergstrasse district on January 5, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 110 , point 116 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  22. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  23. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 37 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Lindenfels, accessed September 2019 .
  24. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  25. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  26. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  27. ↑ List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  28. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  29. ↑ Local councils after the local elections in 2016. (PDF; 75 kB) In: Website. City of Lindenfels, June 2017, accessed September 2019 .