Allerheiligen Monastery (Black Forest)

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The ruins of the Allerheiligen monastery

Coordinates: 48 ° 32 '14.2 "  N , 8 ° 11' 38.9"  E

Relief map: Baden-Württemberg
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All Saints Monastery
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Baden-Württemberg

The Monastery of All Saints is still a ruin existing former Norbertine - Canons on the district of Oppenau in the Black Forest . The monastery, located in the Lierbachtal , a side valley of the Renchtal , existed from around 1195 until its secularization in 1803 and during this time, through pastoral supervision and a monastery school, it had religious and cultural influence on areas of the central Black Forest, in particular on the Rench and Achertal valleys .

Although the leading noble families of southern Germany were involved in the founding of All Saints and the monastery was elevated to an abbey in 1657 , it remained limited to a regional sphere of activity and, despite its long existence, lagged behind other southern German monastic communities in its political importance. After the abbey was dissolved, the buildings fell into disrepair until the ruins were rediscovered as a tourist attraction in the mid-19th century.

founding

location

The founder Uta von Schauenburg with the model of the monastery church (depiction around 1300 from All Saints' Day, today in Lichtenthal Monastery )
Gerungus, the first ruler (depiction around 1300 from All Saints' Day, today in Lichtenthal Abbey)

Allerheiligen was founded in a remote and difficult to reach place on the Black Forest heights above the Büttensteiner waterfalls , on the Strasbourg side of the then diocese border between the diocese of Strasbourg and the diocese of Constance . The place of the monastery building in a hollow between Schliffkopf and Eselskopf at 620 meters above sea ​​level is said to have been determined by a donkey, which is said to have dropped a sack of money above this point, which then rolled down into the valley hollow to the place designated for the monastery building. The real core of the legend could be seen as the fact that in the 12th century the monastery could not be reached via the Lierbachtal, but only with difficulty via a path over the Sohlberg , which can only be walked with mules or donkeys . At the same time, founding sagas that proclaim a random or God-willed choice of location are quite common for the Middle Ages and could indicate that the chosen location was not uncontroversial in later times.

A chapel dedicated to Saint Ursula was built at the place where the donkey is said to have thrown its money sack. It was first mentioned in 1352 and existed until the 19th century.

Deed of incorporation

Around 1195 or 1196, the founding charter for a Premonstratensian canon monastery, of which only undated and presumably changed copies have survived, of the shortly before that of Welf VI. widowed Duchess Uta von Calw , who is mentioned in these copies as Uta von Schauenburg , and was issued by the Hohenstaufen Emperor Heinrich VI , who was in Oberehnheim . approved. The year 1192 is often seen as the founding date of All Saints with reference to the duration of the founding of a monastery, other dates relate the year of Welf VI's death, 1191, to the founding or, based on later documents, assume an even earlier date of the founding.

In addition to the actual land of the monastery, which was roughly bounded by the slopes of Schliffkopf, Braunberg, Sohlberg, Eselskopf and Milkereikopf, the foundation comprised only five farms in the Renchtal and its side valleys, some of which were far apart, a wooded area, fishing rights and the most valuable and the most controversial possession the patronage over the church of Nussbach with the associated church tithing. Since the first monastery seal shows five "monks", it is assumed that the foundation of the five courtyards was supposed to secure the livelihood of as many canons and that the community initially consisted of five people.

In the Black Forest, which was partially developed only in peripheral areas, the related noble families of the Zähringer , Staufer and Upper Swabian Guelphs owned extensive property. Property disputes of these families in the Black Forest reflected their conflict over political influence at the imperial level. The foundation of the Utas Foundation, which was a daughter of Count Palatine Gottfried von Calw and Liutgards von Zähringen, was based on Wittum , which came from her parents' inheritance . The only son from the marriage of Uta and Welf VI., Welf VII. , Had already died in 1167, Uta was already over 70 years old at the time of foundation.

Presumably, a dispute about Uta's own property and its use was the main driving force behind the founding of the monastery, as the Staufers, based on an inheritance agreement with Welf VI. claimed the legacy of the Swabian Guelphs and thus changed the balance of power between the Zähringers, the Hohenstaufen and the bishopric of Strasbourg in the Ortenau . The foundation of the monastery could also have served to prevent border and property disputes over the manorial rule of the as yet undeveloped area. This interpretation is supported by the sparse equipment of the monastery, which, together with the location remote from all traffic routes, prevented All Saints from achieving independent political influence. In addition to the founding of All Saints, Uta also paid the monastic communities associated with the Counts of Calw in Hirsau and Sindelfingen from her property. It was not the Staufers who inherited their property, but the Counts of Eberstein .

Although the main period of founding foundations according to the rules of Norbert von Xanten in southwest Germany at the end of the 12th century was already over and the choice of this order for a remote monastery was unusual due to the strong pastoral orientation of the Premonstratensians, but Uta's choice of the Premonstratensians could be influenced by the Fact that Welf VI. founded the Steingaden monastery, which also follows premonstratensic rules , and is buried there together with his son. Sometimes it is concluded from this analogy that Uta could have intended Allerheiligen as a burial place for herself. Since Uta probably died before 1200, she was certainly not buried in the pen, which was not yet completed at that time.

In 1200 Heinrich's successor Philipp von Schwaben reaffirmed the foundation and again guaranteed it imperial immediacy , bailiwick freedom and church patronage over Nussbach.

Papal privilege

In 1204 Pope Innocent III confirmed . the foundation of the pen. In this document, however, not only Uta, but also her husband and, in addition, the two Zähringer Hugo von Ulmburg and Berthold IV are named as the founder of the land . A Gerungus, presumably from the Marchtal monastery , is also mentioned as the first provost of the Allerheiligen monastery, who is portrayed as the son of Uta von Schauenburg in later depictions. This representation, which has been changed to the founding deed, is seen as a further indication of a hereditary conflict underlying the founding of the monastery, especially since the inclusion of the Zähringen duke, who died in 1186, and his brother Hugo, who inherited the Zähringen possessions in the Ortenau, are used to contest claims of the Zähringen family let. For probably the same reason, the rights of All Saints were in later documents of Pope Honorius III. , Emperor Friedrich II. And the Strasbourg bishops confirmed when after the extinction of the Zähringer in 1218 disputes broke out with the counts of Freiburg over rights in Nussbach.

Development of the pen

Legal status

Allerheiligen Monastery (historicizing painting by Baron Roeder von Diersburg, 1823)
Document dated August 19, 1339 for the purchase of the Günzberghof by Allerheiligen

The influence of the bishops of Strasbourg over All Saints' Day was strengthened by the extinction of the Zähringer and Staufer in the 13th century. The end of the noble families involved in the establishment also prevented All Saints' Day from receiving the support and the political implications of a house monastery. In 1225, the Strasbourg bishop Berthold von Teck confirmed the right of patronage over Nussbach and the associated chapels in Oberkirch and Oppenau and elevated the chapels to places of worship that were constantly occupied by pastors. As a result, All Saints' Day finally took over the independent ecclesiastical organization of the Renchtal and the surrounding areas, partly supported by the Strasbourg bishops.

The imperial immediacy, freedom from bailiffs, tax exemption and immunity from any criminal prosecution in the monastery area itself, which were granted at the time of foundation, collided with the expansion efforts of the Strasbourg diocese from the 14th century. At the beginning, Strasbourg's influence on pastoral care was limited, but after it had consolidated its secular rule over the Renchtal in 1316, the bishopric of Strasbourg tried to subject All Saints' Day and the property belonging to the monastery to tax obligations and the lower and higher jurisdiction of the bishopric. Over the centuries All Saints' Day came under the rule of the Strasbourg bishops, who confirmed the election of the head of the community from 1475 onwards. In the 18th century in particular, the Strasbourg bishops gained greater grip. Disputes arose regularly over the tax claims of Strasbourg against the property of All Saints as well as the design of the recognition rights in the choice of the provost or abbot. After the finances of the monastery had already been used several times to expand the power base of the Strasbourg diocese, the All Saints diocese withdrew the rights to worship in the parish churches in 1756 and instead sent Capuchins to the parishes of the Renchtal. In 1757 the monastery capitulated and recognized the bishop of Strasbourg as sovereign for the first time in the Treaty of Zabern .

Integration under church law

The first canons of the newly founded monastery came from the communities in Oberzell and Marchtal. At the beginning, All Saints' Day was presumably under the supervision of the Marchtal Monastery, but was subordinated directly to the mother abbey of the order in Prémontré as early as 1217 . Marchtal renounced his last remaining rights of influence in the middle of the 13th century. For most of its existence, Allerheiligen belonged to the Zirkarie Schwaben of the Premonstratensian Order, only the catalog from 1320 assigns it to the Zirkarie Wadgassen. At the beginning the provosts of the monastery came mainly from the lower nobility of the region. The third Provost Heinrich von Teck from a Zähring branch line is only one of the heads of the monastery from among the families involved in the establishment . The provosts came from middle-class families early on.

In 1248 canons from All Saints' Day were sent to the Lorsch Monastery at the request of Bishop Siegfried of Mainz to convert it into a Premonstratensian monastery, since then Lorsch has been a filia of the monastery. After Allerheiligen had acquired their building, the seven remaining Strasbourg Saccites joined the monastery with the approval of Pope Boniface VIII in 1297 and formed a community of the same name in Strasbourg until 1320. Another filia was created in the 14th century with the St. Nikolaus monastery in Haguenau . In 1657 All Saints' Day was elevated to an abbey by the General Chapter of the Premonstratensian Order.

Economic basics and building history

The southern transept adjoining the convent building with side chapel (state of preservation 2006)
Maria Krönung, Lautenbach, 2005. The tower was only built between 1895 and 1898 after the abbey was abolished.

Establishment of the pen

After Uta's death, the construction of the monastery seems to have progressed only slowly and in some cases to have rested for a long time. The oldest remaining components of the ruins of the monastery church made of local red sandstone are dated from the beginning to the middle of the 13th century and are stylistically assigned to the Strasbourg building works. On the ruins of the cross-shaped church building, stylistic features of all construction phases of the church building from late Romanesque to late Gothic can still be recognized. The western part of the building consisted of a three-aisled late Gothic nave with a late Romanesque facade in the entrance area. The choir of the ruin, which is square like the transepts , has early Gothic style elements in the capitals and the vault ribs, which are dated to a period from around 1220 to 1250 and are therefore among the oldest known Gothic structures on the Upper Rhine . The rectangular crossing was crowned by a tower. The exterior of the chapel annex on the south transept is still preserved and the inside has the complete six-part vault with keystone , which is similar to the patronage coat of arms of the All Saints monastery.

The enclosure building and the cloister were attached to the south side of the church .

Economic basics

Additional endowments in the Rench and Achertal valleys as well as smaller clearing activities on the Sohlberg and Eselskopf, together with funding from the Strasbourg bishops, expanded the economic basis of the Premonstratensian Foundation from the 13th century. The main donations included the imperial fiefdoms located in the anterior Renchtal, previously left to Berthold von Winterbach , which the Staufer Heinrich (VII) transferred to the monastery in 1233, as well as the goods also located in the anterior Renchtal and the Rhine plain, which were donated to the monastery in 1306 by donating a fell to the bourgeois Renchen family. In 1319 the monastery consolidated this property in the anterior Renchtal by exchanging the village with Friedberg Castle (now Oppenau) with the Bishop of Strasbourg for goods near Oberkirch. In the Achertal, goods in Kappelrodeck and Niederachern were bequeathed to the monastery in 1369 .

By acquiring further farms in the surrounding Black Forest valleys, the Rhine valley and in Alsace , Allerheiligen broadened its economic base. In 1348 the monastery acquired properties near Renchen from Schuttern Monastery . Allerheiligen acquired further rights in the Renchtal from various local noble families, in particular the Rohart von Neuenstein , Schauenburg and Bosenstein families . From these families also came from time to time provosts of the monastery, such as Konrad von Schauenburg from 1262 to 1289 or Johannes Rohart von Neuenstein , who headed the community between 1319 and 1350.

Following the pastoral approach of the Premonstratensians, the monastery managed only a few of the estates itself; this activity was essentially limited to the actual monastery area. The more distant fields and farms were partly cultivated by conversations , but mostly given to local farmers as time or inheritance. In spite of this, the income of the monastery was only around 100 silver marks a year in 1407. In the same year All Saints received patronage over the church in Appenweier , a few years later the patronage of the church in Oberachern followed .

After major construction work began on the monastery area in 1469, which was presumably aimed at completing the construction plan begun in the 12th century, a fire in the monastery kitchen destroyed the cloister building and the church on April 13, 1470.

During the reconstruction of the monastery, the Canons of Allerheiligen moved to Lautenbach and found accommodation there on the estates of the family of the provost Andreas Rohart von Neuenstein . In 1480, due to financial difficulties of the knighthood of Ortenau, the monastery took over the still unfinished Church of the Coronation of Mary in Lautenbach , whose pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary subsequently became an important source of income for the monastery. At the same time, the church with the associated Rectorate House served during various phases, especially after the fire in All Saints in 1555, sometimes for longer periods as the residence of canons from All Saints. Already during the construction of the church they tried to relocate the monastery completely to the climatically friendlier and less remote Lautenbach. As early as 1484, the year the convent returned from Lautenbach to Allerheiligen, there is evidence for the first time that the canons had to take an oath never to move the seat of the monastery to a more favorable location.

Late Gothic style features from the construction after the church fire in All Saints' Day can still be found on the arcades of the nave. Even after the second fire, the monastery church was restored from 1556 on the remains of the old building.

The pen in the Reformation period

All Saints' Day after its elevation to the status of an abbey (depiction with the date 1680 and the abbey coat of arms drawn from the garden balustrade of All Saints with the date 1669 and reference to the incumbent first abbot Anastasius Schlecht )

All Saints' Day only barely survived the Reformation , when most of the neighboring monastic communities such as Alpirsbach , Reichenbach or Kniebis perished. During the peasant wars , the property in All Saints was destroyed. On May 2, 1525, the courtyard and church of Oberkirch, and the next day that in Lautenbach, were plundered. Finally the church in All Saints' Day itself was stormed and devastated. At the end of the month, for a payment of 100 guilders, the nobles, monasteries and local farmers reached an agreement that provided for the return of the looted church objects.

Even after the Reformation in Strasbourg led to the abolition of the monasteries and the Renchtal was pledged to the Protestant dukes of Württemberg , monastic life continued uninterrupted. In 1592, the Strasbourg cathedral chapter , which was divided by denominations due to the Strasbourg chapter dispute, was unable to agree on a new bishop. The candidate of the Protestant party, Johann Georg von Brandenburg , ruled the right bank of the bishopric after a compromise of 1593. He forbade the acceptance of novices on All Saints' Day and closed the convent school. The three canons remaining in Allerheiligen elected Jakob Jehle as provost in 1594 , who was not confirmed by Johann Georg. Instead, Jehle was captured by soldiers of the Protestant bishop, interned in the Dachstein fortress and disappeared without any further signs of life. Only through the intervention of Vicar General Jan Lohelius , who intervened with Emperor Rudolf II at the request of the abbots of the Swabian circari , could the abbey be prevented from being dissolved. With Johannes Schüßler , who came from Strahov Monastery , a new provost was not appointed until 1600, after Rudolf II had decided to fill the office of bishop in favor of the Catholic candidate Charles of Lorraine . At that time only one canon lived in All Saints' Day. Schüßler reached an agreement with Johann Georg, whereupon the monastery got its goods and rights back against payment of an annual fee. In 1604 Johann Georg renounced his rights to the diocese in the Treaty of Hagenau . Despite the great devastation in the Renchtal, especially by Swedish and Weimar troops, the monastery survived the Thirty Years' War unscathed.

All Saints' Day as an abbey

The abbey in 1753 (drawing by B. Walter after a representation by Abbot Felix Kemmerle; original in the local museum in Oppenau)

After the turmoil of the Reformation, the monastery experienced its greatest economic boom, but at the same time got into profound disputes with the diocese of Strasbourg. Outward signs of economic well-being were the number of canons, which temporarily rose to over 20, as well as the elevation of All Saints to abbey in 1657. On drawings and engravings from the 17th and 18th centuries, in addition to the cloister formed by the church and convent buildings, there are also economic buildings and to recognize the monastery school as well as a surrounding wall. After the elevation to the status of an abbey, the interior of the building in particular was redesigned in Baroque style. Parts of this interior are now in surrounding parish churches. In addition, despite the altitude and the climate above the waterfalls, a representative garden with ponds was created, which can be clearly seen in pictures from the 18th century.

The monastery school of the monastery, first mentioned in connection with its closure by Johann Georg von Brandenburg in 1594, developed from 1740 into a renowned high school with boarding school, which accommodated over 50 students and at the same time taught clergy from the entire Strasbourg diocese. The most famous students include the mathematician Adrianus Eisenmann , the Heidelberg theologian Franz Xaver Merk and the later Baden revolutionary Joseph Ignatz Peter .

In 1773 the abbey was able to acquire relics of Saints Clemens von Metz and Boniface , which considerably increased the attraction as a place of pilgrimage. On high holidays up to 2000 pilgrims came to the rear Lierbach valley. Together with the meanwhile more extensive lease income, forest income and interest income from lent assets - in 1803 the abbey had outstanding claims of 30,000 guilders in the regional area - these ensured that the abbey had considerably better financial resources than in the first 500 years of existence.

However, this prosperity, together with the takeover of the Strasbourg bishopric by the French noble Rohan family, formed the source of disputes with the bishopric. Shaped by the absolutist French court and the strong influence of bishops in France, the first bishop from the House of Rohan, Armand I. Gaston Maximilien de Rohan-Soubise , who was in office from 1704, tried to extend his sovereign rights over the abbey. From 1731 unjustified or dubious tax claims of the diocese against goods of All Saints increased. Bishop Louis César Constantin de Rohan-Guéméné finally let the conflict escalate in 1757 by refusing to confirm the election of the abbot, not investing any more pastors and finally recalling all pastors appointed by All Saints and replacing them with Capuchin Fathers. With the mediation of the General Chapter of Prémontré, only a disadvantageous compromise could be found, which included the recognition of the Strasbourg bishop as sovereign.

End of the pen

Abolition of the abbey

View through the arcades to the tower at the northern transept (photography 2006)
Partial view of the waterfalls directly below the monastery complex

The last bishop of the old Strasbourg diocese, Louis René Édouard de Rohan-Guéméné , was considering the abolition of the All Saints' Monastery when, after fleeing to Ettenheim on the right bank of the Rhine in the course of the French Revolution, he urgently needed financial resources. After Baden had occupied the right bank areas of the bishopric of Strasbourg as part of the secularization and in anticipation of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , Karl Friedrich von Baden abolished the monastery on November 29, 1802 and confiscated the entire property. The 29 members of the convent, eleven of whom lived in the motherhouse at that time, had to leave the abbey by autumn 1803 and were partly housed in the Rector's House in Lautenbach. To secure the pastoral work, the Baden state sent two Capuchins from Oberkirch to the abbey grounds.

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803 confirmed Karl Friedrich's action by referring to the House of Baden in § 5 as a replacement “for his part in the county of Sponheim, and for his goods and lordships in Luxembourg, Alsace and the like. s. f. "also" the abbeys: Schwarzach, Frauenalb, Allerheiligen, Lichtenthal, Gengenbach, Ettenheim-Münster, Petershausen, Reichenau, Oehringen, the provost and the monastery of Odenheim, and the Abbey of Salmansweiler, with the exception of Ostrach and the affiliations noted below " struck.

On June 6, 1804, another fire, caused by a lightning strike in the tower of the monastery church, damaged the area. The church roof and the upper floor of the enclosure burned out. Although the Baden state, under the direction of Friedrich Weinbrenner, had the church building restored in the same year, the permission granted to the manufacturers Brenneisen and Förster to set up a wool spinning mill on the site prevented the state of construction from being further secured. The wool spinning mill was given up in 1806. Between 1805 and 1808 the altars and the art furnishings of the monastery were sold to the surrounding parish churches or given away by the grand ducal administration. The prince apostle and Magdalene altar as well as the cross altar with the depiction of Norbert von Xanten, a depiction of All Saints' Day and four wooden statues were brought to the parish church of Bad Peterstal for a total of 600 guilders , organ parts and the Antonius altar to Oppenau, two altars to Kappelrodeck and statues of Augustine and Norbert from Xanten to Nussbach. After 1827, three statues from the Allerheiligen monastery came to the Lichtenthal monastery , where they were installed above the portal of the princely chapel. They represent Saint Helena , Uta von Schauenburg and Gerungus.

The remaining holdings of the library of the abbey, which already comprised over 5000 titles in 1788, were given to the court library in Karlsruhe and to the Heidelberg University library . The archive of the abbey was moved to the General State Archive of Karlsruhe between 1803 and 1805 , where it is still kept.

In 1812 the two Capuchins were also recalled. Shortly afterwards it was decided not to set up a parish in All Saints' Day. The buildings were then auctioned for demolition and used as a quarry for the new church in Ottenhöfen and for the church in Achern. With the exception of the west wing, which was used as a forester's house, and an economic building, the complex was abandoned. As a result, the monastery church collapsed as early as 1820.

Tourist use

Depiction of the ruins in the gazebo from 1879
Ruins of the Allerheiligen monastery

The first descriptions of the monastery as a tourist attraction appeared as early as the 1820s. In the forester's house in the west wing, forester Mittenmeier set up a restaurant in 1844, after the Büttenstein waterfalls over the Lierbachtal were opened up for tourism from 1840 and the ruins of the abbey also attracted other travelers in the course of the Romantic era . Also in 1840 the Baden forest domain banned the use of the ruin as a quarry and a few years later began to secure the site and maintain the ruin. In 1853 Karl Baedeker visited the remains of the abbey and described them in his travel guide, which further increased the number of visitors. In 1871 the restaurant was expanded into a three-story spa hotel, and a second hotel building was built in 1887.

Due to the mention in the Baedeker, Mark Twain also visited the ruin on his European tour in 1878 and described the abbey, waterfalls and the hotel in his book A Tramp Abroad :

“All our afternoon's progress had been uphill. About five or half past we reached the summit, and all of a sudden the dense curtain of the forest parted and we looked down into a deep and beautiful gorge and out over a wide panorama of wooded mountains with their summits shining in the sun and their glade-furrowed sides dimmed with purple shade. The gorge under our feet - called Allerheiligen - afforded room in the grassy level at its head for a cozy and delightful human nest, shut away from the world and its botherations, and consequently the monks of the old times had not failed to spy it out ; and here were the brown and comely ruins of their church and convent to prove that priests had as fine an instinct seven hundred years ago in ferreting out the choicest nooks and corners in a land as priests have today. "

“The whole afternoon was uphill. At five or five thirty we reached the summit and suddenly the thick curtain of the forest parted and we looked down into a deep, beautiful gorge with a wide panorama of wooded mountains behind it, whose peaks shone in the sun and whose slopes, criss-crossed by clearings, were purple Shadows have been muted. The ravine at our feet - called All Saints' Day - offered just enough space at the end of its grassy floor for a cozy, delightful human nest isolated from the world with its nuisances, and consequently the monks of the old days had not missed to discover it. Here were the brown and graceful ruins of their church and convent, which proved that seven hundred years ago the priests had the same good nose for tracking down the best nooks and crannies of a country as they do today. "

- Mark Twain : A Tramp Abroad

In 1947 the Caritas Association Mainz acquired the hotel area and built a sanatorium for children. Since 1978 this has been continued as a country school home and religious conference center. The diocese of Mainz built a chapel in 1960, which, like the former monastery church, is consecrated in honor of God and all saints.

The grounds of the monastery ruins are owned by the State of Baden-Württemberg , which has set up a permanent exhibition on the history of All Saints in the restored economic building since 1995. Since 1991 the nave has been used for annual open-air performances in July. Since 2013, individual parts of All Saints' Day have been supported by the organization EOS-Erlebnispädagogik e. V. (Freiburg) to set up a conference center there. Thus, in All Saints' Day (again) individual guests and groups can stay overnight.

Today's remains

In addition to ruins in the area of ​​the monastery church, only parts of the garden, the part of the building, which was continued as a forester's house and later as a hotel, and the economic building remained of the abbey.

The west facade, the south arcades of the nave, the side chapel of the south transept and the end of the north transept with a staircase have been preserved from the church. The plinths of the northern arcades of the nave are still preserved. The connection to the cloister building can still be seen on the south transept. Remnants of the wall of the eastern convent building were uncovered between 1976 and 1980. The late baroque gardens, laid out on three terraces, are partly still well preserved; the basins and the balustrade surround are present from the upper terrace.

The monastery still plays an important role in folk tales of the region, for example in the figure of the Moospfaff , a clergyman who, after losing a host in the Thirty Years' War on the way to a final unction , which is particularly popular around Oppenau wander around in search of the host on the moss and mislead people.

literature

  • Josef Börsig: History of the Oppenauer Valley . Published by the city of Oppenau, G. Braun, Karlsruhe undated (approx. 1951).
  • Georg Dehio , Ernst Gall: Handbook of the German art monuments . Baden-Württemberg II. The administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 . P. 7f.
  • Horst Hoferer: All Saints' Day. Monastery - ruin - waterfalls. Franz Huber, Offenburg 1995, ISBN 3-931741-00-1 .
  • Cities and municipalities of the Renchtal (ed.): 800 years of All Saints' Day . Reiff, Offenburg 1996, ISBN 3-922663-37-0 .
  • Joseph Zentner: The Renchthal and its baths . Friedrich Wagner, Freiburg im Breisgau 1827 (reprinted by Grimmelshausen Verlag, Oberkirch 1988).
  • Jörg Siegwart: The former Premonstratensian monastery of All Saints and the preservation of monuments in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 24th year 1995, issue 3, pp. 115–122; denkmalpflege-bw.de (PDF; 10.2 MB)
  • Michael Birnthaler: All Saints' Day. A historical foray . Edition EOS, Freiburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-945132-02-9

Web links

Commons : Kloster Allerheiligen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Hansmartin Schwarzmaier : Roads and traffic routes in the northern Black Forest in the course of its development in the High Middle Ages. In: ZGO , 155th year, 2007, pp. 19–53; P. 47 f.
  2. ^ Hansmartin Schwarzmaier: The foundation of the Allerheiligen monastery. In: 800 Years of All Saints' Day , pp. 35–52; P. 36. A comparable legend about the choice of location exists, for example, for the Maulbronn monastery .
  3. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 10.
  4. ↑ Holdings of documents see Börsig, p. 165.
  5. Schwarzmaier, Foundation , p. 36.
  6. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 6.
  7. Hans-Martin Pillin: The possessions of the All Saints Monastery and their legal position in the secular domains . In: 800 Years of All Saints' Day , pp. 53–68; P. 54.
  8. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 9.
  9. ^ Schwarzmaier, foundation , p. 46ff.
  10. Schwarzmaier, Foundation , p. 46.
  11. Pillin, S. 54th
  12. Schwarzmaier, foundation , p. 44ff.
  13. Börsig, p. 167.
  14. Schwarzmaier, foundation , p. 48 and Ingrid Ehlers-Kisselr: Premonstratensian Abbey of All Saints - History .
  15. Börsig, p. 181.
  16. Pillin, S. 64th
  17. Börsig, p. 181 ff.
  18. a b Dehio, p. 7.
  19. Ingrid Ehlers-Kisselr: Premonstratensian Abbey of All Saints - History .
  20. ^ Dehio, p. 411.
  21. Schwarzmaier, Foundation , p. 40; Dehio p. 7.
  22. Dehio, p. 7f.
  23. a b c Dehio, p. 8.
  24. Börsig, p. 289.
  25. Pillin, S. 58f.
  26. Pillin, pp. 61f. and Hellmut Gnädinger: The supply of the monastery, primarily through its own agriculture and forestry . In: 800 Years of All Saints' Day , pp. 69–86; P. 74.
  27. Pillin, S. 60th
  28. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 28.
  29. ^ Karl Maier: Chronology of the Allerheiligen Monastery . In: 800 Years of All Saints' Day , pp. 193–206; P. 198.
  30. ^ Dehio, p. 7 and State Administration of Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of October 21, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
  31. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 34.
  32. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 40.
  33. ^ Bernhard Huber: Chronicle Bad Peterstal-Griesbach , published by the community Bad Peterstal-Griesbach, Offenburg, undated, p. 40f.
  34. Huber, p. 41.
  35. Pillin, S. 63rd
  36. Hoferer, Kloster , p. 51 and presentation of the state gazette for Baden-Württemberg on schloesser-magazin.de ( Memento from October 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
  37. Horst Hoferer: All Saints' Day after the monastery was dissolved until today - Romanticism / Tourism - . In: 800 Years of All Saints' Day , pp. 177–192; P. 179.
  38. Main conclusion of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation of February 25, 1803 ( Wikisource ).
  39. Huber, p. 74.
  40. Maier, p. 203.
  41. S. Representation of the statues in All Saints' Day in Zentner, p. 123.
  42. Huber, p. 42f.
  43. Inventory overview of the GLAK .
  44. Hoferer: Tourismus , p. 181.
  45. Full text of A Tramp Abroad at Project Gutenberg . German edition for example Mark Twain: Stroll through Europe . Diogenes Taschenbuch, Zurich 1990, ISBN 978-3-257-21880-0 . The translation here does not follow this edition, see p. 162 f.
  46. eos-allerheiligen.de
  47. ^ Wilhelm Straub: Legends of the Black Forest . Konkordia, Bühl 1982, ISBN 3-7826-0014-2 ; especially pp. 94-97.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on September 4, 2008 .