Schauenburg (Southwest German noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Schauenburg
Schauenburg in the Renchtal
Mährisch Budwitz Castle , built by Rudolf Heinrich von Schauenburg

Schauenburg was the name of a Burgmann family of the Counts of Eberstein , who belong to the ancient nobility of the Ortenau and have their headquarters on the Schauenburg near Oberkirch in the Renchtal. The family has been traceable since the 12th century and is still in possession of the ancestral castle, which was destroyed in 1689, and the Gaisbach Castle from the 17th century below .

history

The name of the sex is mentioned several times in documents of the Zähringer , from which a certain meaning at this time can be read. It appears for the first time in a document on September 26, 1108 with Henricus de Scovenburg and begins its uninterrupted family line with Ercenboldus de Scovenburg , who seals a certificate in 1274. The Knights of Schauenburg, as ministerials and castle men of the Counts of Eberstein, occupied the Schauenburg .

The family later had fiefs from the Reich, the Counts of Eberstein, the Counts of Freiburg , the Margraves of Baden and the bishopric of Strasbourg . It has two main lines. The Ulrich-Diebold or Herlisheim line, whose progenitor is the Ortenau bailiff Johann Reinhard von Schauenburg, and the Luxembourg or Harthart line, which can be traced back to Friedrich von Schauenburg, the knight captain of the Ortenau imperial knighthood . In the 14th century, many members of the family could no longer afford the expenses associated with the knighthood and remained noble servants . In the battle of Sempach in 1386, a Johann von Schauenburg was also killed in the entourage of Duke Leopold III. of Habsburg . Since 1474 the von Schauenburgs belonged to the free imperial knighthood .

Hannibal von Schauenburg from the Herlisheimer line was Commander of the Order of St. John and Imperial General Feldzeugmeister and gained fame when the Breisach fortress was sworn in during the siege by the Swedes under Rheingraf Otto Ludwig in the summer of 1633. As part of the Emperor, the Schauenburg profited in the Thirty Years' War . So they got Mährisch Budwitz , which the emperor took away from the Waldstein family after the victory in the battle of the White Mountain . The Moravian line of the Schauenburg founded by Ernst Vollmar von Schauenburg, but died out again in the male line in 1702.

After the war, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen lived in Gaisbach im Renchtal from 1649 to 1661, where he worked as estate and castle administrator for the von Schauenburg family and wrote his book Simplicissimus . When building Gaisbach Castle , he used stones from the Schauenburg.

Johann Baptist von Schauenburg from the Herlisheim line was Grand Prior of the German Order of St. John from 1755 to 1775 and as such was Imperial Prince . Franz Joseph von Schauenburg had Herrlisheim Castle rebuilt in the 19th century, which was destroyed during the siege of 1677.

coat of arms

Silver central shield and blue-gold edge of the cloud covered with a red St. Andrew's cross . On the helmet a growing silver maiden (the so-called Melusine ), the chest covered with the red St. Andrew's cross and instead of the arms a red and blue buffalo horn on the right and three silver (or red) bells on the outside.

The coat of arms of the Schauenburg resembles the coat of arms of the Counts of Fürstenberg and the Counts of Oettingen , which has sparked speculation about an agnatic relationship between the sexes, which, however, cannot be proven.

  • Coat of arms in the Wernigeroder Wappenbuch, 15th century

  • Coat of arms at Siebmacher , 1605

  • Coat of arms in the Fugger book of honor

Name bearer

Named after the Schauenburg, but does not belong to the family

literature

  • Edmund von der Becke-Klüchtzner: Family tables of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden: a newly edited book of nobility , Baden-Baden, 1886, pp. 402–406 and 621–622 family table of the barons of Schauenburg online
  • Fr. Cast: Historical and genealogical book of the nobles of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Stuttgart 1843, pp. 169–174 in the Internet Archive
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon published in association with several historians. , Eighth volume. [Saackhen, Wailchkl v. Saackhen - Steinhauer zu Bulgarn], Leipzig 1868, pp. 101-103 in the Google book search
  • Magda Fischer: The barons of Schauenburg as pawns of the front Austrian rule of Staufen . In: Schau-ins-Land, 120th year, 2001, pp. 99–119 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Hans-Martin Pillin: The Schauenburg . In: Castles and palaces in Central Baden / Historical Association for Central Baden. Ed .: Hugo Schneider, Offenburg 1984, pp. 204–216 (especially pp. 214–215) Freiburg historical holdings - digital
  • Hans-Peter Sattler: The knighthood of the Ortenau in the late medieval economic crisis - 10th Schauenburg . In: Castles and palaces in Central Baden / Historical Association for Central Baden. Ed .: Hugo Schneider, Offenburg 1962, pp. 236–240 Freiburg historical holdings - digital
  • Michael Galea: Prince Johann Baptist von Schauenburg and Malta (1701-1775). Grand Prior of the Order of Malta . In: Schau-ins-Land, Volume 113, 1994, pp. 91-105 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Magda Fischer (editor): Archive of the Barons of Schauenburg Oberkirch: Document regesten 1188-1803 , 2007
  • Philipp Ruppert : Regesta of the Mortenauer nobility. 2. The von Schauenburg . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 39, 1885, p. 83 in the Internet archive
  • Walter Möller: Genealogical studies on the history of the Schauenburg near Oberkirch . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine, Volume 78, 1926, p. 515
  • Ernst Batzer: Johann Reinfried von Schauenburg the Younger. (The defender of Offenburg in the 30 Years War and the patron of Grimmelshausen.) . In: Die Ortenau 1/2, (1910/11), pp. 103-114 online at Freiburg University Library
  • Ernst Batzer: The Schauenburg feud of 1432 . In: Die Ortenau 1/2, (1910/11), pp. 19–28 online at the Freiburg University Library
  • Franz Joseph Mone : The Schauenburg Feud 1432 . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 19, 1866, p. 412 online in the Google book search
  • Berta von Schauenburg: The feud of the Lords of Schauenburg with the Margrave Bernhard von Baden, 1402–1403 in: Die Ortenau: Journal of the Historical Association for Mittelbaden , Publishing House of the Historical Association for Mittelbaden, Offenburg 1941, pp. 121–126 ( digitized version )
  • Hermann Kopf : Christoph Anton Graf von Schauenburg 1717-1787 , Freiburg im Breisgau 1978
  • Philipp Ruppert: Regesta of the Mortenauer nobility. 2. The von Schauenburg . In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Volume 39, 1885, pp. 83-180 in the Internet Archive
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, pp. 341-342, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 2001, ISSN  0435-2408

Web links

Commons : Freiherren von Schauenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Original in the monastery archive Zwettel, Lower Austria, quoted by Karl Friedrich Stumpf, the Chancellor of the X, XI. and XII. Century, regest and imperial documents of this time, Innsbruck 1865, p. 256, no. 3029
  2. ^ Original in the Heidelberg University Library
  3. ↑ s. Pillin p. 214
  4. ↑ s. Sattler p. 239
  5. ↑ s. Michael Galea: Prince Johann Baptist von Schauenburg and Malta (1701-1775). Grand Prior of the Order of Malta . In: Schau-ins-Land, Volume 113, 1994, pp. 91-105 online at Freiburg University Library
  6. ↑ s. Homepage of the Schauenburg