Oberachern

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Oberachern
City of Achern
Coat of arms of Oberachern
Coordinates: 48 ° 37 ′ 6 ″  N , 8 ° 5 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 160-318 m above sea level NN
Area : 5.63 km²
Residents : 4346  (Jan. 1, 2015)
Population density : 772 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1971
Postal code : 77855
Area code : 07841
map
Location Oberachern as a district of Achern

Oberachern is the largest district of the large district town of Achern in the north of the Ortenaukreis in the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

View from the Bienenbuckel on Oberachern

Oberachern is located at the northern exit of the Achertal in the Upper Rhine Plain and at the same time in the foothills zone on the western edge of the northern Black Forest. The village is traversed by the Acher - which gave it its name - and the Acherner Mühlbach in its entire length. As far as the landscape is concerned, the place has the typical features of all places in the foothills: in the valley floor orchards (almost exclusively cherry, plum and apple trees), on the climatically favorable slopes of the Bienenbuckels - at 318 m the highest elevation in the place - vineyards and finally mixed forest. Due to its favorable location near Achern, Oberachern is now a good residential community with a high level of local recreation.

An exclave of the Oberachern district - the Markgut - is located in the middle of the Fautenbach district in the Rhine plain. In addition to the main town has Oberachern with the Illenbach and spinner courtyards two smaller, separate from the main town districts .

history

Like Achern, Oberachern was first mentioned in a document as Acchara around 1090 in the Hirsau Monastery donation book. It was a donation from Berthold von Staufenberg to the Hirsau Monastery. This Acchara was not a closed settlement, but an indefinite number of scattered settlements along the Acher . It can be assumed, however, that there were Celtic settlements in pre-Christian times. Remnants of the wall in Oberachern have been documented from Roman times.

Acchara can be dated exactly for the first time in 1115 in connection with the Lords of Achern, when a Gottschalk von Achern appears. This sex had its seat in the Oberachern moated castle (at that time there was no differentiation between Oberachern and Achern or Niederachern). With Andreas von Achern - imperial bailiff of the Achern court - the male line seems to have died out. From the 14th century onwards, two independent communities developed from Acchara: Oberachern and Niederachern or Unterachern: In 1339, Acheren superior was spoken of for the first time, or eight years later, Obernacher .

The place belonged to the district of Ortenau within the Alemannic tribal duchy. After the Zähringers died out in 1218, the later Reichslandvogtei Ortenau passed to the Staufer and remained the property of the respective emperors. These pledged themselves several times in the Middle Ages, so u. a. also to the Margraves of Baden or, most recently, together to the Kurpfalz and Fürstenberg. In 1551/57 the imperial family redeemed the pledge and the Ortenau became part of the Upper Austria . Apart from the period from 1701 to 1771, when the bailiwick was given to the margraves of Baden-Baden as a fief, the place remained in front of Austria until the Napoleonic period.

In the Second Coalition War (1799–1802) - especially 1799 - the Achertäler Landsturm, to which Oberachern citizens also belonged, defended the Achertal against the troops of the French revolutionary army. And Oberachern was also one of the “restless places” during the Baden Revolution .

With the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, the community became Badisch (Electorate, from 1806 Grand Duchy of Baden ) and from 1807 was part of the Obervogteiamt or District Office of Achern . In 1924 the latter was dissolved and assigned to the district office or district of Bühl (since 1939). In the post-war period it was part of the state of (southern) Baden and from 1952 to 1973 of the administrative district of southern Baden .

This also only lasted until the district reform in 1973 , because with the regional reform Oberachern became part of the newly formed Ortenau district with its headquarters in Offenburg . Also in the 1970s, on January 1, 1971, it was incorporated into the later large district town of Achern, although the population had spoken out against it in a hearing.

As far as agriculture is concerned, the community was shaped by hemp cultivation for centuries , which also brought a certain wealth with it. With the decline of the same, an agriculture developed that was again characterized by special crops; but now it was fruit growing and viticulture. In addition to quality fruit and excellent wine, it is in particular plums and sweet cherries that are distilled into high-quality brandies (including "Black Forest Kirschwasser ").

Oberachern has also been connected to the railway network since 1898 when the Achertalbahn was opened. Stops are the train station and the former string factory, whose director Wilhelm Nauwerck was one of the initiators of the Achertalbahn. Up until 2012, both stops were also possible to board the historic steam train, which was a tourist attraction in the Achertal for many years.

The local history, the craft and the traditional agriculture are reflected in the “Badische Maibaum”, which is set up annually by the local history and beautification association on the church square. In the Baden colors of yellow-red, it shows, in addition to the Baden and the local coat of arms, various craftsmen's coats of arms and a straw wreath , which stands for agriculture as well as for the earlier importance of the bee hump as an alarm post.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Oberachern

The coat of arms shows in silver a left-facing black eagle body with a red tongue.

The historical origin of the coat of arms is the noble family of those von Freischbach (also Freispach ). A member of the family, Christoph von Freischbach, was the owner of the Oberachern moated castle from 1595 to 1606. When the community needed a new official seal in March 1900, the Grand Ducal Baden General State Archives in Karlsruhe suggested a fishhook - the coat of arms of the Lords of Achern. The council preferred the Freischbach coat of arms and decided on June 20 to adopt it with the proposed colors.

The Oberachern coat of arms is unique in Baden, because different places have a fish hook. An eagle's body is not represented.

Population development

Population of the municipality of Oberachern (up to December 31, 1970) and the Oberachern district of the city of Achern (census results, official figures from the state statistical office, only main residences ).

year Residents
1825 1180
0December 1, 1871 1068
1905 1810
1919 2093
September 13, 1950 2672
0June 6, 1961 2972
May 27, 1970 3300
May 25, 1987 3257
0January 1, 2015 4346

Religion and church history

Parish Church of St. Stefan

In terms of church history, Oberachern can - in view of the size of the congregation - look back on something quite extraordinary: In the Middle Ages, the place had two parishes with two churches: St. Stefan and St. Johannes , both of which were in different epochs from the oldest church in the Acher and Sasbach valleys, St. Brigitta in Sasbach, were separated.

The Stefanskirche is the mother church of the Achertal, was first mentioned in a document in 1360, was originally a separate church of the owners of the Oberachern moated castle and possibly became a parish church between 1139 and 1179. The Johanneskirche probably became a parish church after the Stefanskirche, but it was first mentioned as early as 1306. Because the community belonged to the Upper Austrian Bailiwick of Ortenau during the Reformation, it remained until a few years when half of the Bailiwick was pledged to the then Protestant Count Wilhelm von Fürstenberg was Catholic. In the course of these ecclesiastical political upheavals, the parish rights of St. Johannes were transferred to the Liebfrauenkapelle (Nieder-) Achern (1535) and the Oberachern parishioners were united. From 1903 to 1905 the new construction of the Stefanskirche took place under the direction of Johannes Schroth . The Johanneskirche was demolished in 1824 without leaving a picture for posterity.

Oberachern initially belonged to the diocese of Strasbourg . When the Grand Duchy of Baden was formed in the course of the Napoleonic "land consolidation" and the Diocese of Strasbourg also lost its jurisdiction on the right bank of the Rhine, Oberachern became part of the Diocese of Constance . This affiliation only lasted until 1821/27, when the Constance diocese was dissolved in favor of a new archbishopric in Freiburg (Baden and the two principalities of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ).

Belonging to the Ottersweier deanery for centuries, the parish is now part of the Acher-Renchtal deanery based in Achern. Due to the new pastoral care structure in the Archdiocese of Freiburg, the parish had been one of four parishes of the Achern-Stadt pastoral care unit since 2002 and has been one of eight parishes in the Achern pastoral care unit since 2014 - after the merger with the Achern-Land pastoral care unit. Current pastors are Joachim Giesler and Martin Karl.

With the establishment of the grand ducal Baden sanctuary and nursing home in Achern and the settlement of larger businesses in the 19th century, Protestant Christians also came to Oberachern. These have belonged to the evangelical parish of Achern since it was founded in 1905. At that time it was almost 6% Protestant Christians, due to the influx of refugees after the Second World War and the designation of a large number of new development areas in the decades afterwards, it is currently around 16%, Roman Catholic 57%, others and without Religion 27%.

politics

mayor

At the head of the community stood - in addition to the lordly Vogt - a Heimburger (already known as mayor in 1596 ) and the "Bauernzwölfer". After the attack in Baden, the mayor (at the beginning also called "Vogt") and the municipal council , sometimes also a " citizens' committee ", were the municipal organs .

The mayors of the municipality of Oberachern in the 20th century and the later mayors of the city of Achern¹
  • 1899 to 1909: Josef Keßler
  • 1909 to 1928: Wilhelm Müller
  • 1928 to 1934: Karl Vogt
  • 1934/1935: Karl Huber
  • 1935 to 1945: Friedrich Steck
  • 1945 to 1957: Bernhard Früh
  • 1957 to 1970: Franz Stockinger
  • 1971 to 1991: Winfried Rosenfelder¹
  • 1991 to 2007: Reinhart Köstlin¹
  • since 2007: Klaus Muttach¹

Local council

In contrast to the other districts of the city, Oberachern is not a town in the sense of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code, which means that the town has neither a town council nor a town councilor. For this reason, a local council was set up, which had its constituent meeting in December 2009. It consists - under the leadership of the Lord Mayor - of the members of the local council from Oberachern as well as other members as representatives of agriculture, local trade and industry, associations and the Antonius School. The term of office of the local council members coincides with the term of office of the municipal council.

Culture, education and leisure

Regular and traditional events

Antonius Chapel, built 1763/64
  • Alt-Oberachern Heimatfest on the church square, every two years on the third weekend in July.
  • April 30th: erection of the “Badischer Maypole” on the church square.
  • Sunday after June 13th: St. Anthony's Day - holiday of the local patron, St. Anthony of Padua.
  • December 26th: Church patronage of St. Stephen.
  • Events in the gym and festival hall.

education

  • Catholic day care center "St. Stefan" Oberachern.
  • Antoniusschule - elementary, secondary and technical secondary school.
  • Municipal children's home in the roller construction in Illenau (Achern, is also visited by children from Oberachern).

Sports facilities

Personalities

  • Jörg von Wimpfen († November 15, 1539), leader of the Ortenauer Haufen during the Peasants' War in 1525
  • Wilhelm Schwarz (born February 14, 1826, † March 13, 1875 in Melrose, NY, USA), important Methodist preacher in America, Germany, Switzerland and France
  • Friedrich Benz-Meisel (August 17, 1853; † September 13, 1938 in Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen ), industrialist and politician (member of the then Grand Council of the canton), made an honorary citizen of Oberachern in 1919
  • Hermann Kessler (born February 26, 1893 - † May 12, 1968 in Karlsruhe), lawyer, notary and politician (FDP)
  • Johannes Künzel (born May 6, 1899, † unknown), politician (NSDAP), member of the Reichstag
  • Dirk Panter (born February 7, 1974), politician (SPD), grew up in Oberachern

literature

  • Book of coat of arms of the district of Bühl . Bühl (Baden) 1964.
  • Booklet series "... from the Oberachern village history" of the home and beautification association Oberachern (1996-2006).
  • Hans-Martin Pillin: Achern. A city and its history. Achern 1997.
  • Gerhard Lötsch: Until freedom is resurrected: Vormärz and revolution in the city and office of Achern . Achern 1998
  • Reiner Vogt: 1799 - The defense of northern Ortenau during the 2nd coalition war (1799–1802) . Oberachern 2000.
  • Cornelius Gorka: The local state - the district office of Achern (1807-1924): From the Ortenauer Vogteigericht to the bad. District Office , in: Acherner Rückblicke No. 3. Achern 2004.
  • Gerhard Lötsch: Achern. A city and its history, 1849–1918 . Achern 2005.

Web links

Commons : Oberachern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 493 .